24.1 Properties of Ocean Water

Lake turnover happens before the lake _______________ in the fall and 1-2 weeks _______________ the ice melts in the spring.

Freezes/ after

If the weather is hot and dry in a certain area, the salinity of the ocean will be higher or lower?

Higher

What is density?

How compact something is

Why are there very saline (salty) areas near the poles?

Ocean water freezes

Lake turnover stirs up the lake bottom, causing the lake to get muddy. The _____________ levels decrease and fish usually stop feeding.

Oxygen

List 3 natural processes that decrease the salinity of ocean water in a region.

Rivers entering the ocean, precipitation, and ice melting

_______________ is a measure of the amount of dissolved salts and other solids in a given liquid.

Salinity

What is the most common salt dissolved in ocean water?

Sodium Chloride

Why is the ocean salty?

The chemical weathering of rock on land, chemical reactions between sea water and new sea-floors, hydrothermal vents, and volcanic eruptions

Why is the ocean along California cold and the ocean along North and South Carolina warm?

The current comes from the poles.

List 2 natural processes that increase the salinity of ocean water in a region. Why do they make it more saltier?

Evaporation and ocean water freezing. It removes the fresh water.

The salinity of a certain sea is 120 ppt. What does this mean?

120 ppt salinity means in every 1,000 parts of ocean water, 120 g are salt

The deep water layer of the ocean is about _____ degrees Celsius (_______ degrees Fahrenheit)

2/ 36

Give the average salinity of ocean water in percent and ppt

3.5%, 35 ppt

The top 100-300 meters (________ - _________ ft) of ocean water that is warmed by the sun is called the _______________ layer. Its temperature is affected by ___________________ and ____________________.

300-1000 ft/ mixed/ currents/ sunlight

With the salinity of _________% (________ times more saline than the ocean), the ________________ Sea is the saltiest sea in the world. It became very salty because the _____________________ Sea used to flood into the Dead Sea during great storms, but this no longer happens. Because the water is so salty, it is very ______________ making it easier for people to ______________. The Dead Dea is on the border of what two countries?

34%/ 10/ Dead/ Mediterranean/ dense/ float/ Jordan and Israel

The salinity of a certain sea is 7.5%. What does this mean?

7.5% salinity means in every 100 parts of ocean water, 7.5 g are salt

Water that is saltier than fresh water, yet not as salty as ocean water is called ____________________ water.

Brackish

Water that's even saltier than ocean water is called what?

Brine

___________________________, aka "icicle of death", form when ocean water freezes, pushing out the salt. The remaining water, called brine, is super salty and colder than the freezing point of ocean water. Because it's salty, it's very dense and sinks as it leaks out of cracks. Because it's so cold, it causes the surrounding ocean water to freeze as it flows to the ocean floor, creating a brinicle. When it hits the ocean floor, it kills starfish and other slow moving benthos.

Brinicle

Which is denser? Warm water or cold water? Fresh water or salt water?

Cold water/ salt water

The densest ocean water is found in polar regions because its _______________ and it gets saltier when the surface water _____________________, leaving salt behind.

Coldest, freezes

When salt water evaporates, where does most of the salt go?

The salt stays behind

What two thing affect the density of ocean water?

The temperature and salinity

Layers of ocean water in which the temperature drops with increased depth is what?

Thermocline

Lake ____________________, or lake "flipping", happens because fresh water is densest at about _________ degrees Celsius (_________ degrees Fahrenheit)

Turnover/ 4/ 39

The best fishing of the season is sometimes a _______________ or two after the lake flips.

Week

Colder water can dissolve ___________ solids than warm water. (Think of putting sugar in coffee vs. iced tea)

less

In cold regions of the ocean, _______________ ____________ insulates the ocean water. It prevents the water from cooling through ______________________. This is why pack ice only gets 5 m (________ ft) thick. Ice is ___________ dense than water, so it floats. If it didn't float, the ocean would _______________.

pack ice/ evaporation/ 16 ft/ more/ freeze