25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Questions Full

Which nursing response would be appropriate when an 80-year-old patient with dehydration states, "I seem to lose water much faster because of old age"? "Your kidneys concentrate more urine with old age." "Older adults are resistant to fluid balance changes." "Antidiuretic hormone loses effectiveness at this age." "Older adults have a large body surface area compared with body weight."

"Antidiuretic hormone loses effectiveness at this age."

Which statement by the nurse indicates a need for additional teaching? "Urine output changes with variation in fluid volume. ""Mucous membranes become dry when dehydrated. ""Older adult patients are sensitive to fluid volume changes." "Dehydration can be assessed in older adults by pinching the skin."

"Dehydration can be assessed in older adults by pinching the skin."

Which statement indicates a need for additional teaching regarding water and electrolyte balance? "More than half of the body's weight is water." "Infants lose less water because they have a smaller body surface area." "Water acts as a medium for transportation of substances in cells." "Water serves as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion."

"Infants lose less water because they have a smaller body surface area."

Which statement by the nurse regarding the role of electrolytes in the body indicates a need for additional teaching? "Calcium is needed for blood coagulation." "Magnesium activates B-complex vitamins." "Sodium maintains neuromuscular irritability." "Bicarbonate neutralizes excess acids in the body."

"Magnesium activates B-complex vitamins."

Which nursing response would be appropriate when a patient with obesity states, "I drink so much water. I guess it also adds to my obesity"? "Fat tissue does not have any water in it." "Water has been reported to increase appetite." "You're right. Try to reduce your water and calorie intake." "The more fat your body has, the less water there will be."

"The more fat your body has, the less water there will be."

Which serum magnesium level would the nurse expect to see for a patient admitted in the emergency room with chronic alcohol abuse complaining of tremors and leg cramps? 1.0 mEq/L 1.3 mEq/L 2.1 mEq/L 2.4 mEq/L

1.0 mEq/LA magnesium level less than 1.3 mEq/L indicates hypomagnesemia which is associated with tremors and leg cramps.

Which value range of serum sodium is considered normal? 160 to 200 mEq/L 135 to 145 mEq/L 100 to 125 mEq/L 80 to 110 mEq/L

135 to 145 mEq/L

Which percentage represents the approximate amount of extracellular fluid in the human body?

33% About one-third of the body is comprised of extracellular fluids.

Death may occur if a patient's serum pH falls below __ . Record your answer with one decimal place.

6.8 Death may occur at a serum pH below 6.8 or above 7.8.

Which patient is at risk for fluid volume deficit? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A 30-year-old patient who has been vomiting for 2 days A patient who has broken their left clavicle A patient with continuous nasogastric (NG) suction A patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) A burn patient with injuries over 40% of their body

A 30-year-old patient who has been vomiting for 2 days A patient with continuous nasogastric (NG) suction A burn patient with injuries over 40% of their body

Which hormone affects urine output? ADH ACTH DHEA MSH

ADH Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) work with aldosterone and other hormones to regulate urine output.

On which part of the body would the nurse test a patient's skin turgor? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Abdomen Feet Forearm Knee Forehead

Abdomen Forearm Forehead

Which sign or symptom is associated with hypokalemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Abdominal pain Gaseous distention of intestines Muscle weakness Increased reflexes Decreased urinary pH

Abdominal pain Gaseous distention of intestines Muscle weakness

Which activity is the main function of body water? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Acting as a vehicle for the transportation of substances to and from the cells Aiding heat regulation by providing perspiration Regulating hormone secretion Assisting in maintenance of hydrogen (H +) balance Serving as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion

Acting as a vehicle for the transportation of substances to and from the cells Aiding heat regulation by providing perspiration Assisting in maintenance of hydrogen (H +) balance Serving as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion

Which transport mechanism involves cellular energy? Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Active transport

Active transport

Which action describes the function water plays in the human body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Aids in temperature regulation Controls the stability of cations Assists enzymes with digestion Transports substances between cells Promotes the oxygen-hydrogen balance

Aids in temperature regulation Assists enzymes with digestion Transports substances between cells Promotes the oxygen-hydrogen balance

Which substance is a type of nonelectrolyte? Plasma Metabolites Amino acids Interstitial fluids

Amino acids Amino acids are one type of nonelectrolyte and are one of the intermediate products of metabolic processes.

Which intermediate product of metabolism is a nonelectrolyte present in body fluid? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Amino acids Calcium Fatty acids Sodium Potassium Glucose

Amino acids Fatty acids Glucose

Which statement describes a feature or function of active transport of fluids? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. It requires cellular energy from ANP to occur. The process of diffusion is the opposite of active transport. Amino acids and sodium are pushed through cell membranes. Substances are moved from areas of higher to lower concentration. Fluid molecules of positive or negative charge can be moved into cells.

Amino acids and sodium are pushed through cell membranes. Fluid molecules of positive or negative charge can be moved into cells.

Which patient is at highest risk for dehydration? An infant with a high fever A young patient with diarrhea An older adult patient with a fever, persistent nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea A teenager who has intentionally limited fluid intake to avoid weight gain

An older adult patient with a fever, persistent nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea

Which symptom is associated with respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Anxiety Anxiety and confusion are two symptoms of respiratory acidosis. Dyspnea Dyspnea is a symptom of respiratory acidosis.

Which statement is correct regarding fluid imbalance? Any seriously ill patient is at risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance. The liver regulates the fluid volume in the body. All patients with a mental illness experience a fluid imbalance. There is a risk for fluid overload with burn patients.

Any seriously ill patient is at risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

Which result occurs during acid-base imbalance? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Arterial carbon dioxide pressure changes. Testing the arterial carbon dioxide pressure is part of the testing process to identify which type of acid-base imbalance might be present. Hydrogen ion levels in the blood increase. Blood gas analysis for acid-base imbalances measures the level of hydrogen ions in the blood. The body's pH levels increase or decrease. With an acid-base imbalance, the body's pH changes to be less within the spectrum of the normal range.

Which statement describes what happens when the human body is not homeostatic?

Blood serum pH levels become more acidic. When the body is not in homeostasis, blood pH tends toward acidity.

Which statement explains how body water content helps a person maintain homeostasis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Body waste is transported by water for excretion. Water transports nutrients to cells within the body. Cells getting too much water cannot function properly. Metabolic processes in the body are facilitated by water. Chemical reactions in the body's cells are aided by water.

Body waste is transported by water for excretion. Water transports nutrients to cells within the body. Metabolic processes in the body are facilitated by water. Chemical reactions in the body's cells are aided by water.

Which electrolyte is essential for the formation of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? Calcium Chloride Potassium Phosphate

Chloride

An imbalance of which anion can cause a cation imbalance? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate Phosphate Sodium

Chloride Bicarbonate Phosphate

Which condition can cause hypermagnesemia? Acute pancreatitis Chronic kidney disease Diabetic ketoacidosis Prolonged gastric suction

Chronic kidney disease

Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient with hypercalcemia? Seizures Positive Chvostek sign Positive Trousseau sign Confusion

Confusion Confusion a sign of hypercalcemia due to the increased interaction of calcium with sodium channels.

Which sign or symptom is commonly observed in a patient diagnosed with dehydration? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Confusion Decreased pulse rate Diluted urine Decreased blood pressure Increased urine production Dry, cracked lips

Confusion Decreased blood pressure Dry, cracked lips

A patient is diagnosed with a serum pH level of 5.8 and a bicarbonate level of 24 mEq/L. Based on these data, for which condition is the patient at risk? Death Alkalosis Hypercalcemia Hypomagnesemia

Death

Which sign or symptom is associated with metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Decreased LOC Decreased locus of control is common in patients experiencing metabolic alkalosis. Hypoventilation Hypoventilation is often seen in patients experiencing metabolic alkalosis.

A nurse is caring for a patient with urinary retention and hypokalemia who is prescribed a potassium chloride supplement. Which result determines that the patient has received adequate potassium replacement? Decreased urinary pH Increased urinary pH Deceased blood pressure Increased blood pressure

Decreased urinary pH Patients with hypokalemia may have alkaline urine due to the low levels of potassium. A decreased urinary pH is a sign that the potassium levels may be normalized.

Which change related to fluid volume would the nurse expect in a patient with major depressive disorder who is extremely stressed and seems withdrawn? Decreased urine output Frequent urination Increased circulating blood volume No changes in fluid volume

Decreased urine output

The nurse suspects which condition in a patient with a heart rate of 130, blood pressure dropping when standing, and confusion? Hypokalemia Dehydration Fluid overload Hyponatremia

Dehydration

Which common cause of hypokalemia would the nurse include in patient education? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Diarrhea Acute oliguria Repeated vomiting Calcium-deficient diet Glucocorticoid therapy

Diarrhea Repeated vomiting Glucocorticoid therapy

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a sodium serum level of 155 mEq/L. Which sign or symptom is expected based on the result? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Decreased sensation Dry mucous membranes Flushed skin Elevated temperature Oliguria

Dry mucous membranes Flushed skin Elevated temperature Oliguria

Which symptom manifests as a result of dehydration? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Dry skin Dark urine Cracked lips Chvostek sign Trousseau sign

Dry skin Dark urine Cracked lips

Which statement correctly defines edema? Edema is an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid. Edema is when there is decrease of intravascular fluid. Edema occurs with the accumulation of transcellular fluid. Edema is common symptom of fluid deficit of extracellular fluid.

Edema is an excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid.

Which statement describes how kidneys help normalize the body's pH?

Enzymes push carbonic acid to release hydrogen ions. The kidneys excrete enzymes that promote disassociation of hydrogen ions from carbonic acid, releasing excess hydrogen with urine excretion.

Which cause or risk factor is associated with hypernatremia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Low sodium diet Excessive water intake Excessive sweating Excessive diarrhea Kidney failure

Excessive sweating Excessive diarrhea Kidney failure

Which statement accurately describes typical water content in the human body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Female bodies are comprised of about 50% water. Female bodies have half the water content by weight than male bodies have. Males have higher water content for their body weight than females have. The lower a person's fat content, the higher that person's water content. Water content varies by individual based on factors like age and health status.

Female bodies are comprised of about 50% water. Males have higher water content for their body weight than females have. The lower a person's fat content, the higher that person's water content. Water content varies by individual based on factors like age and health status.

Which statement describes how equalization works in body fluid diffusion? Fluid particles move among highly concentrated areas outside of cell walls. Fluid particles travel down a concentration gradient back and forth across a membrane. Fluid particles block cell membranes to prevent the passage of unwanted particles. Fluid particles pass along an osmotic gradient to reach required concentration levels.

Fluid particles travel down a concentration gradient back and forth across a membrane. Fluid particles pass back and forth between cell membranes to reach a state of equilibrium.

Which statement describes how fluids are lost from the body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Fluids are emitted through exhaled air. Fluids are expelled through perspiration. Fluids are excreted through urine and feces. Fluids are evacuated through protein synthesis. Fluids are eliminated through cellular transformation.

Fluids are emitted through exhaled air. Fluids are expelled through perspiration. Fluids are excreted through urine and feces.

Which rationale describes why the nurse would make a note of the food consumed by a patient with dehydration? For record keeping For accuracy of recording To prevent allergic reactions To serve the patient better food next time

For accuracy of recording

Which statement is true regarding fluid volume overload? Healthy people do not ordinarily drink too much water. Patients who are on IV fluids commonly experience fluid overload. Signs of overhydration include dry mucous membranes. When fluid volume overload occurs, hypovolemia may also occur.

Healthy people do not ordinarily drink too much water.

Which disorder commonly causes generalized edema? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Tissue injury Heart failure Kidney failure Infection Liver failure

Heart failure Kidney failure Liver failure

Which function promotes filtration of body fluids? Osmotic pressure built up in the kidneys Interstitial pressure built up outside the cell walls Hydrostatic pressure built up within the capillaries Glomerular pressure built up within blood vessels

Hydrostatic pressure built up within the capillaries; Hydrostatic pressure builds up and forces fluid through capillary walls and promoting filtration.

A nurse reviews a patient's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L. Which condition does the nurse suspect? Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia

Hyperkalemia

Which complication related to fluid volume would the nurse monitor for in a patient with asthma who is prescribed corticosteroids for 6 months? Acidosis Dehydration Hyponatremia Hypernatremia

Hypernatremia

Which condition would the nurse suspect when patient reports decreased urination, lethargy, and weakness, and the physical assessment reveals flushed skin and loss of skin turgor? Hyperkalemia Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia Hypermagnesemia

Hypernatremia

Which statement describes the fluids used during osmosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Hypertonic fluids have greater particle concentrations. Hypotonic fluids are less concentrated than isotonic fluids. Intracellular fluid levels should be higher than extracellular fluid levels. Fluids are isotonic when they are of equal solute concentration. Fluids with low particle concentrations exert higher osmotic pressure than those with high concentrations.

Hypertonic fluids have greater particle concentrations. Hypotonic fluids are less concentrated than isotonic fluids. Fluids are isotonic when they are of equal solute concentration.

Which condition is caused by inadequate intake of calcium and possible overuse of laxatives containing phosphates? Hypocalcemia Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia

Hypocalcemia

Which anion imbalance is associated with hyponatremia? Hypochloremia Hyperchloremia Hypophosphatemi Hyperphosphatemia

Hypochloremia Hypochloremia is associated with hyponatremia when there is a chloride level below 96 mEq/L. This is due to the fluid loss through nausea or vomiting or by a compensatory decrease in acid-base conditions, diseases, or medications.

In which location is the thirst mechanism found? Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

Which part of the brain helps control fluid balance in the body? Cerebellum Hypothalamus Thalamus Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

Which factor can lead to fluid volume deficit? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Impaired swallowing Prolonged vomiting Diuretic therapy Receiving intravenous (IV) fluid too quickly Burns

Impaired swallowing Prolonged vomiting Diuretic therapy Burns

Which statement describes a feature or function of electrolytes in the body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Homeostasis in the body is achieved with higher cation levels Ions from electrolytes can be positively or negatively charged. When electrolytes are exposed to hydrogen, they break into ions. Each ion maintains a specific location, not traveling within the body. Anions have a negative charge, while cations have a positive charge.

Ions from electrolytes can be positively or negatively charged. When electrolytes are exposed to hydrogen, they break into ions. Anions have a negative charge, while cations have a positive charge.

Which type of intravenous fluid would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe for a patient with vomiting and diarrhea? Isotonic fluid Albumin fluid Hypotonic fluid Hypertonic fluid

Isotonic fluid

Which type of intravenous fluid is used for fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea, for those waiting for blood products, and for fluid loss during surgery? Isotonic fluids Hypertonic fluids Hypotonic fluids Albumin

Isotonic fluids

Which statement is true of bicarbonate within the human body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

It helps regulate blood serum levels. It assists in maintaining acid-base balance. It is an alkaline electrolyte.

Which assessment finding is indicative of excess fluid volume? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Jugular vein distention Skin remains elevated when pinched Shortness of breath with ambulating Pitting edema in lower extremities Flat neck veins when lying down

Jugular vein distention Shortness of breath with ambulating Pitting edema in lower extremities

Which organ in the body regulates fluid and electrolyte balance? Liver Heart Kidney Adrenal cortex

Kidney

Which factor causes fluid volume overload? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Impaired swallowing Burn wounds Kidney failure Receiving intravenous (IV) fluid too quickly Receiving tap water enemas

Kidney failure Receiving intravenous (IV) fluid too quickly Receiving tap water enemas

Which type of cells are blood cells? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Leukocytes Eosinocytes Erythrocytes Thrombocytes

Leukocytes Erythrocytes Thrombocytes

Which clinical scenario is a risk factor for hyponatremia? Inadequate water Loss of bile Excessive sweating Hyperosmotic tube feedings

Loss of bile

Which scenario can cause respiratory alkalosis?

Mechanical ventilation Mechanical ventilation can cause respiratory alkalosis in patients.

Which definition pertains to osmosis? Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane in response to pressure Movement of liquids (solvent) across a membrane Movement of substances using energy in the form of ATP

Movement of liquids (solvent) across a membrane

Which finding is expected for a patient who has hyperkalemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Abdominal pain Muscle weakness Hypotension Gaseous distention of intestines Cardiac arrhythmias

Muscle weakness Hypotension Cardiac arrhythmias

Which kind of movement would describe raisins becoming larger in size after being left in water overnight? Filtration Diffusion Osmosis Active transport

Osmosis

Which term describes the movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane? Osmosis Diffusion Dehydration Hypovolemia

Osmosis

Which patient would the nurse identify as being at high risk for potassium retention? Patient with Addison disease Patient receiving nasogastric suction Patient experiencing nausea and vomiting Patient with severe diarrhea

Patient with Addison disease The patient with Addison disease has a deficit of aldosterone which can result in potassium excess.

Which condition would the nurse suspect when a patient reports swollen hands and feet, and a pit develops that does not immediately refill when the nurse presses a fingertip into the skin over the patient's hands, even after the nurse removes the finger? Dehydration Peripheral edema Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia

Peripheral edema

Which electrolyte is involved in anion imbalances? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may apply. Sodium Phosphate Calcium Potassium Chloride Bicarbonate

Phosphate Chloride Bicarbonate

Which statement about electrolyte function is accurate? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Chloride works to neutralize acids in the body. Phosphates work to activate B-complex vitamins. Sodium contributes to balancing water in the body. Bicarbonate aids in maintaining plasma electroneutrality. Potassium helps to maintain the acid-base balance in plasma.

Phosphates work to activate B-complex vitamins. Sodium contributes to balancing water in the body. Potassium helps to maintain the acid-base balance in plasma.

Which type of edema would the nurse identify in a patient who has swollen legs and depressions on the skin that do not refill when the nurse applies pressure? Local edema Pitting edema Generalized edema Independent edema

Pitting edema

Which statement indicates effective learning about electrolytes and their functions? Potassium is a major intracellular cation of the body. Calcium is important for the formation of hydrochloric acid. Bicarbonate is the most important cation of extracellular fluid. Sodium acts as a buffer, neutralizing excess acids in the body.

Potassium is a major intracellular cation of the body.

Which food item would the nurse include in the patient's diet to help correct hypokalemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Milk Potatoes Instant coffee Processed foods Canned fish with bones

Potatoes Instant coffee

Which buffer is found in the blood and helps the body maintain pH balance? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Protein buffers Protein buffers are used by the body to maintain pH balance. Phosphate buffers Phosphate buffers are one of the body's methods for equalizing pH. Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffers Bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffers are necessary to help maintain pH balance.

Which clinical finding may cause hyperkalemia? Diarrhea Diaphoresis Renal failure Blood transfusion

Renal failure

Which factor would put a patient at risk for hyperphosphatemia? Use of aluminum-containing antacids Renal insufficiency Hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D deficiency

Renal insufficiency Renal insufficiency is caused by too much phosphate in the blood because the impaired kidneys are unable to remove any excess phosphate.

Which acid-base imbalance would the nurse predict in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Which condition would the nurse suspect when a patient presents with slow and shallow breathing and reports heaviness in the chest and difficulty breathing? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

A patient with heart failure has a sodium serum level of 133 mEq/L. Which intervention would the nurse plan to teach the patient about? Monitoring temperature Increasing fluid consumption Limiting sodium intake Restricting water intake

Restricting water intake

Which laboratory result indicates hyperparathyroidism? Serum calcium level of 10.8 mEq/L Serum magnesium level of 1.4 mg/dL Serum phosphate level of 1.7 mg/dL Serum potassium of 3.6 mEq/L

Serum phosphate level of 1.7 mg/dL A phosphate level less than 3.0 mg/dL indicates hypophosphatemia, which may be found in patients with hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency.

Which electrolyte plays a major role in regulation of water balance? Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium

Sodium

Which condition can cause metabolic acidosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Starvation Starvation can lead to a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis. Ketoacidosis Ketoacidosis is one of the causes of metabolic acidosis. Kidney failure Kidney failure can lead to metabolic acidosis.

Which symptom would likely be present in a dehydrated infant? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Edema Sunken eyeballs Depressed anterior fontanel Swollen abdomen Hypertension

Sunken eyeballs Depressed anterior fontanel

Which statement describes the function of hypothalamic receptors? Their walls release hormones to signal the bladder to evacuate fluids. They prevent the passage of indigestible fluids into the bloodstream. Their membranes act as diffusers in fluid transfer within the cells of the body. They signal the brain when fluid volume and concentration in the body is imbalanced.

They signal the brain when fluid volume and concentration in the body is imbalanced. Hypothalamic receptors function to identify fluid concentrations and send signals to the body to take action to address the imbalance.

Which statement describes body activities that occur during a hypervolemic state? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Thirst is inhibited. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release is stimulated. Urination output decreases. Aldosterone release is inhibited. Concentration of urine decreases.

Thirst is inhibited. Aldosterone release is inhibited. Concentration of urine decreases.

Which statement describes a feature or function of blood in the human body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Leukocytes are the red cells in blood. Erythrocytes are the white cells in blood. Thrombocytes are the blood's platelet components. The human body has between four and six liters of blood. Colloids and proteins in plasma assist with vascular pressure.

Thrombocytes are the blood's platelet components. The human body has between four and six liters of blood. Colloids and proteins in plasma assist with vascular pressure.

For which reason would the nurse gently pinch the skin over the forehead of a patient with dehydration? To administer acupressure To assess tissue turgor To administer acupuncture To assess blood pressure

To assess tissue turgor

Which term is a type of extracellular fluid in the body?

Transcellular Transcellular fluid is a type of extracellular fluid in the body.

Which statement accurately describes the distribution of fluids in the human body? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Transcellular fluids flow through multiple body systems. Extracellular fluids are the transport systems between cells. Intravascular fluids consist of plasma and fluid within blood cells.

Which finding is associated with hypomagnesemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Correct Vertigo Respiratory depression Positive Chvostek sign HypotensionHypotension is a sign of hypermagnesemia. Positive Trousseau sign

Vertigo is a neurologic manifestation caused by abnormally low levels of magnesium in the serum. Positive Chvostek sign results from neuromuscular hyperexcitability, which can result from hypomagnesemia. Positive Trousseau sign results from neuromuscular hyperexcitability, which can result from hypomagnesemia.

At which site in the body is intravascular fluid found? Within the blood vessels In the spaces surrounding the cells In the urinary system Within cell walls

Within the blood vessels

Which arterial blood gas value is associated with respiratory alkalosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

pH higher than 7.45A pH level higher than 7.45 is indicative of respiratory alkalosis. PaCO2 lower than 35 mm HgA PaCO2 level lower than 35 mm Hg is indicative of respiratory alkalosis.