250 AP Art History Snapshots

-Honored Athena but incorporated shrines of other gods -4 sides each different character: build on different ground levels -Site chosen where contest took place between Athena and Poseidon to rule Athena -Caryatids replaced Ionic columns

Erechtheion

-Parts are expressed as x=2y+1 -17 columns on one side, 8 columns in the front, and the ratio from length to width is 9:4 -Light interior had windows in the cella -Floor curves upward in the center to drain rain -Rear room contains Ionic capitals, frieze on interior is Ionic. Ionic elements in a Doric temple -Pericles constructed after Persian sack of Athens. Pericles used the extra funds in the Persian war treasury to build Acropolis

Parthenon

-Monumental gateway that led into the acropolis -Width of the propylaia had to take into consideration chariots, animals of festival, and large crowds of people

Propylaia

55. Lindisfarne Gospels: St. Matthew, cross-carpet page; St. Luke portrait page; St Luke incipit page Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe. c. 700 C.E. Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigment, and gold) -the codex (a bound book, made from sheets of paper or parchment) from which he is to copy the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John -illuminate the gospel text with a weave of fantastic images— snakes that twist themselves into knots or birds, their curvaceous and overlapping forms creating the illusion of a third dimension - Insular or Hiberno-Saxon art—works produced in the British Isles between 500-900 C.E., a time of devastating invasions and political upheavals -Aldred's colophon—an inscription that relays information about the book's production—informs us that Eadfrith, a bishop of Lindisfarne in 698 who died in 721, created the manuscript to honor God and St. Cuthbert.

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49. Santa Sabina Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 422-432 C.E. Brick and stone, wood -Built by Peter of Illyria -Basilicas are not just churches...they're also a place for public gatherings and law courts -Designed to accommodate a large number of people -Simple architecture with Corinthian columns, clerestory windows -mosaic represents eucharist -Spolia: pagan columns repurposed in Christian context -Has apse frescoes depicting Christ -One of the most notable door panels depicts the crucifixion

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-Amphiprostyle (am.phip.ro.style) temple which means there is a portico (porch) on at each end and no columns along the side -Placed near the Propylaia: symbolic greeting for all those entered the Acropolis -Gold cult statue of Nike kept inside: gifts brought for her placed inside too -Part of frieze shows battle of Marathon: turned the tide for Athenian victory, depicted human event but specific occasion

Temple of Athena Nike

52. Hagia Sophia Consantinople (Istanbu). Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532-537 C.E. Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer. -Built during the Byzantine Empire by Emperor Justinian -The church was meant to be a victory for Christianity and Justinian, helping him become more likeable. -Hagia Sophia - Holy Wisdom -Ottoman empire changes it into a mosque -Christian murals were painted over due to iconoclasm and minarets were added -The Hagia Sophia has two levels, the ground floor and gallery, which were used to delineate gender and class during services. -Part of the gallery served as an imperial lodge, a place for the empress and emperor to sit when attending services. -There are nine doorways that allow passage from the narthex to the nave, only the emperor could enter from the imperial middle doorway.

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48. Catacomb of Priscilla Rome, Italy. Late Antique Europe. c. 200-400 C.E. Excavated tufa and fresco -The wall paintings are considered the first Christian artwork. -5 miles of narrow passageway burials underground -villa of a wealthy Roman woman named Priscilla -stacked one atop the other, while wealthier people got larger spaces for burial. Mostly for the poor, placed in shelf like tombs covered in terra cotta then plaster called loculi -Larger rooms are called cubiculum -Grave robbing because Christian martyrs may have relics -a very dark passageway, rough earth and floor, and low ceiling -Could've been used to hide from persecution, until Constantine's edict of Milan

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60. Chartres Cathedral Chartres, France. Gothic Europe. c. 1145-1115 C.E.; reconstructed c. 1194-1220 C.E. Limestone, stained glass. -stained glass Gothic church depicting various religious scenes from the Old and New Testament, and the Apocalypse throughout the cathedral with intricate, detailed storylines -Stained glass windows and a large clerestory add dramatic, beautiful lighting -elegant, tall, pointed arches -ribbed groin vault -had the tunic that Mary gave birth in -Church burnt down, but the tunic miraculously survived and they took it as a miracle and that Mary wanted a more beautiful church -three part elevation -flying buttresses

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45. Column of Trajan Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106-112 C.E.; column completed 113 C.E. Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column) -Burial chamber of Trajan, whose ashes are in the base -crowded composition with low relief -view would impress visitor with Trajan's accomplishments, including forum and markets -Column mean to be entered, visitor would wander up staircase to a viewing platform

pic of column of trajan is an upright, thin, column