260 week 6-10

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Which clinical manifestation occurs when the vertebral artery is affected by a​ stroke? -Global aphasia -Contralateral paralysis -Stupor -Dysphagia

Dysphagia

The nurse is providing care to a pregnant client with a blood pressure of​ 180/100 mmHg at 18 weeks gestation. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate for this​ client? -Gestational hypertension -Chronic hypertension -Preeclampsia -Eclampsia

Chronic hypertension

While caring for a client recovering from an​ appendectomy, the nurse monitors urine​ output, intravenous fluid​ intake, and the amount of nasogastric drainage. Which nursing diagnosis is the nurse using to guide this client​'s ​care? -Risk for infection -Alteration in perfusion and oxygenation -Acute pain -Risk for deficient fluid volume

-Risk for deficient fluid volume

Plethysmography

any technique for measuring changes in the volume of blood in a part of the body

A nurse is planning client teaching for a client with hypertension. The​ client's cholesterol is elevated. What instructions by the nurse would help the client lower cholesterol​ levels? -Eat a diet low in saturated fat -Exercise occasionally for 15 to 30 minutes per sessi -Practice smoking cessation -Participate in stress reduction

Eat a diet low in saturated fat

What occurs in the pathophysiology of​ emphysema? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Enlargement of the alveoli -Decrease in cilia function -Fluid buildup in the lungs -Elastic recoil of the lungs is lost. -Excessive mucus is produced

Enlargement of the alveoli Elastic recoil of the lungs is lost.

A nurse is caring for a client with inflammatory bowel disease and is planning for the most appropriate client interventions. Which nursing diagnosis best supports the interventions needed for the client with inflammatory bowel​ disease? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Risk for injury -Risk for deficient fluid volume -Constipation -Acute confusion -Diarrhea

-Risk for deficient fluid volume -Constipation -Diarrhea

Which muscles of respiration are considered accessory​ muscles? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Rectus femoris -Scalene -Sternohyoid -Sternocleidomastoid -Trapezius

-Scalene -Sternocleidomastoid -Trapezius

Eighteen month old Jeremy Young is brought to the emergency department by his mother. After seeing Jeremy, the nurse suspects Jeremy has bronchiolitis. What manifestation did Jeremy demonstrate for the nurse to come to this conclusion? -Diarrhea -Bruising -Wheezing -Cool skin

Wheezing

The nurse is interviewing and educating a client about anatomy and knows that the ribs and muscles surround the​ thorax, or the chest. What explanation by the nurse would describe the primary purpose of the ribs in the​ chest? -To protect the lungs from external injury -To push the lungs during deflation -To aid in inspiration -To aid in exhalation

-To protect the lungs from external injury

Hemoptysis

coughing up blood

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for an infant diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select to guide this infant​'s ​care? -Potential for tissue perfusion changes -Impaired pain response -Reduced activity tolerance -Alteration in cardiac output

Reduced activity tolerance

A client with a history of DVT reports a sudden onset of severe pain in the pelvis. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this​ client? -Magnetic resonance imaging -Ascending contrast venography -Duplex venous ultrasonography -Plethysmography

Magnetic resonance imaging

The nurse is admitting a client with ulcerative colitis who is scheduled for surgery. The client tells the nurse that he is having his bowel removed and will have a temporary ostomy for 2 to 3 months. Which upcoming surgical procedure is the client​ describing? -Gastric resection -Pyloroplasty -Strictureplasty -Total colectomy ileal​ pouch-anal anastomosis​ (IPAA)

-Total colectomy ileal​ pouch-anal anastomosis​ (IPAA)

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS) who needs an artificial airway to assist in maintaining an open airway. Which airway can the nurse anticipate being placed for​long-term management? -Oropharyngeal -Tracheostomy -Endotracheal -Nasopharyngeal

-Tracheostomy

The nurse is caring for a client with a pneumothorax. Based on the client​'s ​history, which is the most likely cause for this alteration in​ oxygenation? -Trauma -Obesity -Asthma -Pneumonia

-Trauma

A client is experiencing chest pain. What aggravating factors for this client should the nurse​ assess? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -How many minutes does the chest pain​ last? -What have you done that relieves the chest​ pain? -Is the chest pain continuous or​ episodic? -Does the chest pain change with​ breathing? -Does the chest pain change with​ activity?

-Does the chest pain change with​ breathing? -Does the chest pain change with​ activity?

Where is the most common site for peptic ulcers to​ develop? -Large intestine -Stomach -Esophagus -Duodenum

-Duodenum

A community health nurse is educating a group of adults on the prevention of pulmonary embolism​ (PE). Which statement will the nurse include in the teaching regarding the best way to decrease the risk of developing​ PE? -​"It is best to work out​ daily." -​"It is best not to work in a sedentary​ job." -​"It is best not to have a family history of heart​ disease." -​"It is best to stop​ smoking."

"It is best to stop​ smoking."

You are assisting in the treatment of Mr. Wendell for secondary hypertension. During your assessment of him, he tells you that he smokes a pack of cigarettes per day and has two to three 12-oz cans of beer to relax after work each day. What is your best response when teaching Mr. Wendell about how to improve his hypertensive condition? ​-"Stop smoking and limit alcohol intake to one drink per​ day." -​"Reduce your smoking and drink no more than 8 to 12 oz of beer per​ day." -​"Cut your smoking and alcohol consumption in​ half." -​"Stop smoking and drink no more than 24 to 30 oz of beer per​ day."

"Stop smoking and limit alcohol intake to one drink per​ day."

Which clinical manifestations occur with​ asthma? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Dyspnea -Retractions -Anxiety -Wheezing -Bradycardia

-Dyspnea -Retractions -Anxiety -Wheezing

The nurse is caring for an adult client with asthma. Which clinical manifestations of asthma should the nurse expect to​ see? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Dyspnea -Wheezing -Cough -Retractions -Bradycardia

-Dyspnea -Wheezing -Cough -Retractions

The nurse is providing care to a client admitted to the coronary care unit for a suspected heart attack. Which diagnostic tests does the nurse anticipate to confirm the​ diagnosis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -ECG -CBC -WBC -CPK -​CK-MB

-ECG -CPK -​CK-MB

A​ 16-year-old female client is brought to the emergency department experiencing severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain. In addition to​ appendicitis, which other health problems will the nurse also assess for during the​ examination? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Kidney stone -Ectopic pregnancy -Mittelschmerz -Fecalith -Pelvic inflammatory disease

-Ectopic pregnancy -Mittelschmerz -Pelvic inflammatory disease

What are common manifestations of heart failure? (Select all that apply.) -Edema -Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea -Dyspnea at rest -Nocturia -Weight loss

-Edema -Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea -Dyspnea at rest -Nocturia

An adult client returns from the postanesthesia care unit​ (PACU) following a laparoscopic appendectomy. The nurse checks the postoperative notes and determines which factor is most important with regard to the client​'s immediate oxygenation​ status? -Amount of narcotics the client received over the last 4 hr -Amount of drainage on the surgical dressings in the last 1 hr -Amount of intravenous fluid infused over the last 2 hr -Amount of urine output over the past 4 hr

-Amount of narcotics the client received over the last 4 hr

Which action helps prevent development of a DVT? (Select all that apply.) -Avoiding prolonged sitting -Avoiding​ tight-fitting clothing or stockings -Avoiding crossing the legs -Avoiding extreme exercise -Avoiding prolonged standing

-Avoiding prolonged sitting -Avoiding​ tight-fitting clothing or stockings -Avoiding crossing the legs -Avoiding prolonged standing

What is assessed during the physical examination of a client with a​ DVT? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Edema of the affected extremity -Redness of the affected extremity -Muscle atrophy of the affected extremity -Warmth on palpation -Body temperature

-Edema of the affected extremity -Redness of the affected extremity -Warmth on palpation -Body temperature

The nurse is caring for a client receiving tube feedings. Which intervention can decrease the risk of this client developing acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? -Suggest that the client become NPO -Administer prophylactic antibiotics per order -Elevate the head of the bed during feedings -Order an​ x-ray to verify placement of the tube

-Elevate the head of the bed during feedings

Which nursing interventions will the nurse implement to promote tissue perfusion for the client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD)? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Encourage exercise -Encourage frequent position change -Keep lower extremities warm -Elevate lower extremities -Assess peripheral pulses

-Encourage exercise -Encourage frequent position change -Keep lower extremities warm -Assess peripheral pulses

Why are pregnant clients prone to developing supine hypotension? -Insufficient red blood cells in proportion to volume of plasma -Increase in blood flow to the developing fetus -Enlarging uterus pressing on the vena cava -Pooling of blood in the lower extremities

-Enlarging uterus pressing on the vena cava

The nurse is caring for a client with a thoracic​ catheter, also known as a chest tube. Which interventions are appropriate for this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Ensuring oxygen is available -Monitoring for air leaks -Reporting hyperresonance with percussion -Assessing for pain -Prescribing prn pain medications

-Ensuring oxygen is available -Monitoring for air leaks -Assessing for pain

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxygen. Which intervention is appropriate by the​ nurse? -Increasing the flow if the client requests -Ensuring the client is comfortable with the manner of administration -Suctioning upper airways each shift -Assessing the client for anxiety

-Ensuring the client is comfortable with the manner of administration

A nurse is caring for a client with nephritis who also has ascites due to excess fluid volume. Which action by the nurse is the best way to monitor the client​'s degree of​ ascites? -Monitor blood pressure -Measure CVP -Measure abdominal girth -Monitor intake and output

-Measure abdominal girth

While waiting for morning​ report, the nurse is called to help in the room of a client with an alteration in perfusion. Which actions can the nurse perform​ independently? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Measure urine output -Administer a dose of a nitrate -Explain why the client is on a​ no-added-salt diet -Measure peripheral blood pressure -Assess radial pulse

-Measure urine output -Explain why the client is on a​ no-added-salt diet -Measure peripheral blood pressure -Assess radial pulse

Which nursing interventions are included in the care of a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Treating with suction as needed -Prescribing surfactant therapy -Obtaining sputum culture -Maintaining head of the bed at less than 30 degrees -Positioning the client in a prone position for 60 minutes five times a day

-Treating with suction as needed -Obtaining sputum culture

A client with cardiovascular disease has a new onset of lethargy. Assessment data includes a blood pH of 7.31 and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. What should the nurse do to help this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Measure urine output -Provide rest periods between activities -Review medications for analgesics provided -Raise the head of the bed -Assess for jugular vein distention

-Measure urine output -Review medications for analgesics provided

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who is having difficulty breathing while lying​ supine, can only talk in phrases without experiencing shortness of​ breath, and has a moderately elevated respiratory rate. Based on these assessment​ findings, what is the severity of this client​'s asthma​ attack? -Minimal -Mild -Moderate -Severe

-Mild

The nurse is planning care for a client in the early stages of ulcerative colitis. The nurse understands that which part of the colon is initially affected by ulcerative​ colitis? -Rectosigmoid area -Ileocecal junction -Duodenum -Transverse colon

-Rectosigmoid area

Which heart murmurs are intensified with inspiration? (Select all that apply.) -Tricuspid stenosis -Aortic regurgitation -Tricuspid regurgitation -Pulmonic regurgitation -Pulmonary stenosis

-Tricuspid stenosis -Tricuspid regurgitation -Pulmonic regurgitation -Pulmonary stenosis

An older adult is using an inhaled corticosteroid for​ long-term management of persistent asthma. Which rationale is correct for using steroids in clients with​ asthma? -Act as an expectorant -Promote bronchodilation -Reduce inflammation -Prevent the development of respiratory infections

-Reduce inflammation

The nurse is preparing teaching materials for the parents of a​ 7-year-old child newly diagnosed with a severe allergy to dust. What should the nurse include in this​ teaching? -Remove stuffed toys from the home. -Avoid exposure to all animals and pets. -Ensure all rooms in the home are carpeted. -Place plants on high shelves in the home.

-Remove stuffed toys from the home.

An​ 8-year-old child is scheduled for an invasive diagnostic procedure. What should the nurse do to prepare this child for the​ test? ​(Select all that​ apply.) - Teach the parents about the test. -Remind the child that only grownups get this test. -Teach the child about the test. -Discuss the use of anesthesia with the healthcare provider. -Encourage the parents to attend during the test.

- Teach the parents about the test. -Teach the child about the test. -Discuss the use of anesthesia with the healthcare provider. -Encourage the parents to attend during the test.

While conducting a health​ history, the nurse determines that a client is at risk for developing an inflammatory disorder. What did the nurse most likely assess during the health​ history? ​(Select all that​ apply.) - Treated for peptic ulcer disease within the last year. -Treated with antispasmodics for back strain 3 months ago. - Received surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome 2 years ago. -Hospitalized with gallstones 6 months ago. -Experiences allergic rhinitis every spring and fall.

- Treated for peptic ulcer disease within the last year. -Hospitalized with gallstones 6 months ago. -Experiences allergic rhinitis every spring and fall.

Which nursing diagnosis is used to guide the care for a client with a​ DVT? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Ineffective oxygenation -Alterations in comfort -Impaired tissue perfusion -Potential for ineffective protection -Increased risk for impaired physical mobility

-Alterations in comfort -Impaired tissue perfusion -Potential for ineffective protection -Increased risk for impaired physical mobility

Mr. Cosgrove has developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a complication of overall body sepsis. He has sustained alveolar collapse and respiratory acidosis is developing. What event in the pathophysiology of ARDS would you expect next if Mr. Cosgrove receives no respiratory support? -Respiratory failure -Loss of surfactant -Fluid enters the alveoli -Formation of hyaline membranes

-Respiratory failure

A​ 30-year-old female client is seen in the clinic for a wellness checkup. The client states that her mother had a stroke recently. The client asks the nurse about risk factors for stroke. Which risk factors would the nurse consider pertinent for this particular​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Sedentary lifestyle -Oral contraceptive use -Menopause -Insomnia -Family history of stroke

-Sedentary lifestyle -Oral contraceptive use -Family history of stroke

The nurse is identifying goals of care with a client seeking treatment for appendicitis. Which outcomes are appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of​ care? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Abdominal pain will be relieved with pain medication. -Questions about surgical procedure will be addressed. -The abdominal wound will heal without infection. -Perfusion status will improve after surgery. -Fluid and electrolyte balance will be maintained.

-Abdominal pain will be relieved with pain medication. -Questions about surgical procedure will be addressed. -The abdominal wound will heal without infection. -Fluid and electrolyte balance will be maintained.

Which risk factors contribute to the development of​ appendicitis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Age less than 4 years -Adolescent male ​-Low-fiber diet ​-High-carbohydrate diet -Caucasian race

-Adolescent male ​-Low-fiber diet ​-High-carbohydrate diet

Which are nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of cardiac disorders? (Select all that apply.) -Age -Obesity -Smoking -Race -Gender

-Age -Race -Gender

Ms. Campos is a 38-year old woman who has a chronic cough but does not show symptoms of wheezing or dyspnea. She has seen many healthcare providers but has never been diagnosed with asthma. Her new healthcare provider suspects that Ms. Campos has asthma. What other symptom would help confirm that Ms. Campos has asthma? -Nausea -Weight loss -Sneezing -Airway inflammation

-Airway inflammation

A nurse is caring for a client with Goodpasture syndrome who recently had plasmapheresis for treatment of this condition. The nurse notes petechiae and bruising to the client​'s abdomen and face. Which potential complication of plasmapheresis does the nurse​ suspect? -Alteration of fluid volume -Alteration of immunity -Alteration of skin integrity -Alteration of coagulation

-Alteration of coagulation

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure​ (CHF) who has recently been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). The client takes digoxin to manage symptoms associated with CHF. The healthcare provider has ordered antacids for the client to help heal the gastric mucosa as a result of PUD. What is true regarding antacids and​ digoxin? -Antacids absorb​ digoxin's therapeutic effect. -Antacids cancel all therapeutic effects of digoxin. -Antacids interfere with the absorption of digoxin. -Antacids do not affect digoxin.

-Antacids interfere with the absorption of digoxin

The nurse is caring for a client is admitted for a burst appendix. Which information is appropriate for the nurse to provide to this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Antibiotic medication will be provided before and after the surgery. -A laparoscopic appendectomy will be performed. -Intravenous fluids will be provided. -Pain medication will be provided after the surgery. -A laparotomy will be performed.

-Antibiotic medication will be provided before and after the surgery. -Intravenous fluids will be provided. -Pain medication will be provided after the surgery. -A laparotomy will be performed.

A client is admitted for cholelithiasis. The client is not a surgical candidate at this time. Which pharmacologic treatments can be used for this client with​ cholelithiasis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Antibiotics -Ursodiol -Chenodiol -Cholecystectomy -Cholestyramine

-Antibiotics -Ursodiol -Chenodiol -Cholestyramine

A client with asthma is taking an inhaler that blocks parasympathetic input to bronchial smooth muscles. Which class of medication is this client taking for asthma​ control? -Adrenergic stimulant -Leukotriene modifier -Methylxanthine -Anticholinergic agent

-Anticholinergic agent

You are performing a physical assessment of Mrs.​ Gupta, a​70-year-old woman who is being admitted to the hospital for acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). Mrs. Gupta is confined to bed because of her illness. Which medication do you anticipate will be prescribed by the healthcare​provider? -Inhaled nitric oxide therapy -Surfactant therapy -Corticosteroid therapy -Anticoagulant therapy

-Anticoagulant therapy

The nurse is preparing teaching material for a client newly diagnosed with coronary artery disease. What should the nurse include when explaining the disease process to the​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Aortic pressure controls the flow of blood through these vessels. -It is a​ high-pressure system needed to move oxygenated blood to body tissues. -The coronary vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. -It is a​ low-pressure system that begins with the right side of the heart. -Heart rate controls the flow of blood through these vessels.

-Aortic pressure controls the flow of blood through these vessels. -The coronary vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. -Heart rate controls the flow of blood through these vessels.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has limited mobility. Which assessment finding should the nurse report as a possible sign of a pending​ DVT? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Area of redness along a left lower leg vein -Swelling of the left lower leg -Muscle twitching of the left thigh -Pale skin color of the left lower leg -Aching of the left calf

-Area of redness along a left lower leg vein -Swelling of the left lower leg -Pale skin color of the left lower leg -Aching of the left calf

Which is the most common inflammatory disorder in the United​ States? -Appendicitis -Arthritis -Ulcerative colitis -Nephritis

-Arthritis

The nurse is planning care for a client with limited knee function due to arthritis. Which interventions should the nurse include in this client​'s plan of​ care? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Assess pain level and provide medication as prescribed. -Encourage rest of the affected joint. -Provide antipyretics as prescribed. -Provide antiarthritis medications as prescribed. -Encourage participation in physical therapy as prescribed.

-Assess pain level and provide medication as prescribed. -Encourage rest of the affected joint. -Provide antiarthritis medications as prescribed. -Encourage participation in physical therapy as prescribed.

Which are skills used to provide care to a client with an alteration in perfusion? (Select all that apply.) -Assess peripheral pulses -Evaluate laboratory values after fluid administration -Interpret electrocardiogram tracing -Apply elastic compression stockings -Measure peripheral blood pressure

-Assess peripheral pulses -Interpret electrocardiogram tracing -Apply elastic compression stockings -Measure peripheral blood pressure

A client with acute cholecystitis is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Which nursing actions address this​ client's nutritional​ status? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Assessing height and weight -Administering antiemetics per order -Counseling regarding​ low-fat menu choices -Reviewing serum electrolytes -Counseling on options for medical vs. surgical management

-Assessing height and weight -Administering antiemetics per order -Counseling regarding​ low-fat menu choices -Reviewing serum electrolytes

What can be done to ensure comfort during the physical assessment of the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.) -Assist with position changes -Warm the stethoscope -Reduce environmental noise -Use standard precautions -Ensure adequate draping

-Assist with position changes -Warm the stethoscope -Ensure adequate draping

A nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with heart failure. Which interventions should the nurse implement when monitoring the​ client's fluid​ volume? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Allow for rest periods. -Auscultate lung sounds every 4 hours. -Weigh the client daily. -Monitor intake and output. -Record hourly urine outputs.

-Auscultate lung sounds every 4 hours. -Weigh the client daily. -Monitor intake and output. -Record hourly urine outputs.

The nurse is providing care to a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). Which interventions can the nurse perform independently with this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Prescribing analgesia for pain -Ordering a Foley catheter to monitor urine output -Auscultating heart and lung sounds -Maintaining the head of the bed at 30 degrees -Recommending a prone position to facilitate oxygenation

-Auscultating heart and lung sounds -Maintaining the head of the bed at 30 degrees -Recommending a prone position to facilitate oxygenation

A nurse is participating in a free community health clinic. Which clients will the nurse identify as being at risk for compromised​ oxygenation? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -A​ 56-year-old male who has been working at a textile factory -A​ 64-year-old female with osteoporosis and limited mobility -A​ 28-year-old male who smokes with a​ 10-pack/year history -A​ 70-year-old female who eats a​ well-balanced diet and exercises daily -A​ 46-year-old female with a history of anxiety attacks

-A​ 56-year-old male who has been working at a textile factory -A​ 64-year-old female with osteoporosis and limited mobility -A​ 28-year-old male who smokes with a​ 10-pack/year history -A​ 46-year-old female with a history of anxiety attacks

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which clinical findings would indicate that the client is experiencing​ emphysema? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Cough with copious amounts of sputum -Barrel chest -Use of accessory muscles when breathing -Diminished breath sounds -Hypercapnia noted within laboratory results

-Barrel chest -Use of accessory muscles when breathing -Diminished breath sounds

A nurse is caring for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD) who asks the​ nurse, open double quoteI don​'t understand how I can help to prevent my ulcers from recurring.close double quote What is the nurse​'s best​ response? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Eliminate all alcohol intake. -Be cautious with your intake of​ over-the-counter pain medications. -Stop smoking. -Eliminate all​ high-fat foods from your diet. -Reduce your stress as much as possible.

-Be cautious with your intake of​ over-the-counter pain medications. -Stop smoking. -Reduce your stress as much as possible.

You and Mrs. Cochran are discussing how some common types of asthma medications work. Which is her best description of beclomethasone​ (Beconase)? -Beconase is a bronchodilator that is chemically just like coffee. -Beconase is one of those medications that block that​ rest-and-digest response. -Beconase prevents the mast cells in my lungs from releasing histamine and causing more inflammation. -Beconase is the one I inhale that prevents my lungs from becoming inflamed.

-Beconase is the one I inhale that prevents my lungs from becoming inflamed.

When does the onset of ulcerative colitis most commonly​ occur? -Between the ages of 5 and 15 years -Between the ages of 30 and 60 years -Between the ages of 15 and 30 years -Between the ages of 25 and 55 years

-Between the ages of 15 and 30 years

The nurse is questioning a client with Crohn disease about the presence of current symptoms. Which symptoms would the nurse find in the​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Blood in the stool -Left lower quadrant abdominal pain relieved by defecation -Persistent diarrhea -Malaise ​-Fissures, ulcers,​ fistulas, and abscesses of the anorectal area

-Blood in the stool -Persistent diarrhea -Malaise ​-Fissures, ulcers,​ fistulas, and abscesses of the anorectal area

The nurse observes unlicensed assistive personnel measuring a​ client's blood pressure and is concerned that the reading is erroneously high. Which factors could have resulted in an erroneously high​ reading? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Blood pressure was assessed while the client was eating breakfast. -Blood pressure cuff was wrapped too loosely. -​Client's arm was above the level of the heart. -Blood pressure cuff was too wide. -​Client's arm was unsupported.

-Blood pressure was assessed while the client was eating breakfast. -Blood pressure cuff was wrapped too loosely. -​Client's arm was unsupported.

At the completion of a health history and physical​ assessment, the nurse is concerned that a​ middle-aged adult client is at risk for developing cardiovascular disease. What did the nurse most likely assess in this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Fasting blood glucose 86​ mg/dL -Plays racquet ball 4 times a week for 1 hour -Blood pressure​ 158/96 mmHg -Smokes 1 pack per day of cigarettes -Body mass index 31.4

-Blood pressure​ 158/96 mmHg -Smokes 1 pack per day of cigarettes -Body mass index 31.4

The nurse notes that a client is prescribed a dietary consult as part of treatment for inflammation. What should the nurse expect to assess in this​ client? -Reduction in pedal pulses -Body mass index 42 -Blood pressure​ 148/90 mmHg -Cool and mottled extremities

-Body mass index 42

During a home​ visit, the community health nurse becomes concerned that a​ 2-year-old child is at risk for contracting respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which observations would lead the nurse to this​ conclusion? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Both parents unemployed -Both parents smoke cigarettes -Absence of soap at the kitchen sink -Toddler shares drinking cup with older brother -Toddler wearing clean but rumpled pants and shirt

-Both parents unemployed -Both parents smoke cigarettes -Absence of soap at the kitchen sink -Toddler shares drinking cup with older brother

A nurse is planning a seminar about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which descriptions of the disease would the nurse include in the​ presentation? ​(Select all that​ apply. -COPD is a respiratory disorder that has components of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. -COPD is characterized by periodic exacerbations. -After​ exacerbations, the lung tissue returns to normal. -COPD exacerbations cause dyspnea and sputum production. -COPD is a mismatch between inhalation and expiration.

-COPD is a respiratory disorder that has components of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. -COPD is characterized by periodic exacerbations. -COPD exacerbations cause dyspnea and sputum production.

After completing an​ assessment, the nurse determines that a client with cardiovascular disease would benefit from consultations with a physical​ therapist, dietitian, and psychologist. Which factors support the​ nurse's findings? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Client smokes 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day. -Client is an employee of the Internal Revenue Service. -Client sits at a desk for 10 hours each day. -Client sleeps 7 to 8 hours each night. -Client eats fast food for breakfast and lunch.

-Client smokes 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day. -Client is an employee of the Internal Revenue Service. -Client sits at a desk for 10 hours each day. -Client eats fast food for breakfast and lunch.

Which is the sodium limit for a client diagnosed with heart failure? -3.5d-4 ​g/day -2.5d-3 ​g/day -0.5-1 ​g/day -1.5-2 ​g/day

1.5-2 ​g/day

Dorothea Johnson is an​ 80-year-old woman who lives in a​ two-story townhouse with her husband Torrence. They have been married for 40 years and have no children. Mr. Johnson is a high school​ graduate, but she is not. Although both came from large​ families, they have no relatives in the area. The couple is on a fixed income and has little savings. Mrs. Johnson is a retired hair​ dresser; her husband recently retired as a sergeant on the police force. They are very active in their local church. Mrs. Johnson has a history of a cerebrovascular accident​ (CVA) two years ago that left her with​ right-sided weakness. She uses a cane to help her balance when walking. Mrs. Johnson​'s daily medications include one 2.5 mg tablet of warfarin​ (Coumadin), one multivitamin​ tablet, and one 40 mg tablet of propranolol​ (Inderal). As the parish nurse making a home​ visit, you notice several new healing bruises on Mrs. Johnson​'s arms and legs. When you question​ her, Mr. Johnson answers for​ her, stating that his wife is careless and frequently stumbles when she walks. He does not seem concerned. The purpose of your visit is to review the results of Mrs. Johnson​'s recent bone density test with her. It shows she has moderate osteoporosis. She hands you a bottle of​ over-the-counter vitamin and mineral pills marketed for​ seniors, which she says she takes once a day. You check the bottle to determine if the pills contain which necessary components related to her​ osteoporosis? -Vitamin C -Vitamin B -Vitamin A -Calcium -Vitamin D

-Calcium -Vitamin D

The nurse is preparing to conduct a physical examination on a client experiencing vague abdominal pain. What should the nurse include in this​ assessment? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Presence of blood in the stool -Characteristics of bowel sounds -Current body temperature -Contour of the abdomen -Presence of abdominal pain on palpation

-Characteristics of bowel sounds -Current body temperature -Contour of the abdomen -Presence of abdominal pain on palpation

What diagnostic tests are appropriate to diagnose a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD)? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Sweat test -Chest​ x-ray -Ventilationdashperfusion testing -Arterial blood gases -CBC with differential

-Chest​ x-ray -Ventilationdashperfusion testing -Arterial blood gases

Which symptoms of ARDS appear within 24 to 48 hours after the initial​ insult? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Chest​ x-ray clear of infiltrates -Rapid breathing -Shortness of breath -Arterial blood gases vary from normal limits. -Fluid imbalance

-Chest​ x-ray clear of infiltrates -Rapid breathing -Shortness of breath

The mother of a​ 3-year-old child newly diagnosed with an allergy says that she has the same allergy as the child but the child seems to have worse symptoms. What should the nurse explain to the​ mother? -Adults have faster metabolisms than children. -Children have more chemicals that encourage inflammation. -Adults have more chemicals that encourage inflammation. -Children have more chemicals that block inflammation.

-Children have more chemicals that encourage inflammation.

An​ obese, Native American female is admitted for right upper quadrant pain present for the past 12​ hours. A right upper quadrant ultrasound shows inflammation of the​ gallbladder. What is the most likely diagnosis for this​ client? -Choledocholithiasis -Cholecystitis -Cholelithiasis -Biliary colic

-Cholecystitis

Which medication used in the treatment of gallbladder disorders is also used for severe​ jaundice? -Cholestyramine​ (Questran) -Chenodiol​ (Chenix) -Ursodiol​ (Actigall) -Opioid analgesics

-Cholestyramine​ (Questran)

A client is newly diagnosed with asthma and needs information regarding possible asthma triggers. The nurse is preparing to teach the client to prevent asthma triggers. What information is appropriate for the nurse to educate the client to​ avoid? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Cigarette smoke -Tile floors in the house -Indoor pets -Stuffed animals -Mattress covers

-Cigarette smoke -Indoor pets -Stuffed animals

The nurse is evaluating teaching provided to a client with chronic appendicitis. Which observation indicates that teaching has been​ effective? -Client walks for 30 minutes three times a week -Client meets with family or friends at least once a week -Client engages in quiet activity 1 hour before going to sleep -Client eats fruit with breakfast and a salad for lunch

-Client eats fruit with breakfast and a salad for lunch

The nurse is evaluating a client recovering at home after an emergency appendectomy. Which observations indicate that​ self-care has been​ effective? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Client performs abdominal wound care appropriately -Client requests a prescription for more pain medication -Client snacks on pretzels and club soda during the visit -Client plans to recover at home until cleared by the surgeon -Client uses a pillow to splint incision before coughing

-Client performs abdominal wound care appropriately -Client plans to recover at home until cleared by the surgeon -Client uses a pillow to splint incision before coughing

The home care nurse is visiting a client recovering from an acute inflammation. Which observations indicate that client teaching has been​ effective? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Client props left ankle on a pillow. -Client puts weight on right knee while reaching for dishes in cabinet. -Client has a cup of warm tea while reading the afternoon mail. -Client uses the knee to close silverware drawer in the kitchen. -Client applies ice to the right wrist for 10 minutes.

-Client props left ankle on a pillow. -Client has a cup of warm tea while reading the afternoon mail. -Client applies ice to the right wrist for 10 minutes.

A nurse is planning care for a client with inflammatory bowel disease. What goal or outcome is the best choice for this​ client? -​Client's skin excoriation has not worsened. ​-Client's symptoms of infection have not worsened. -Client lost less than​ 5% of​ pre-illness body weight. -Client recognized the early signs of a flare up.

-Client recognized the early signs of a flare up.

The nurse plans to assess a client for inflammation. Which questions should the nurse include when interviewing this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Do you take ​vitamins? -Did you receive the annual influenza ​vaccination? -What surgeries have you ​had? -How much exercise do you get each ​day? -Are you experiencing any ​pain?

-Do you take ​vitamins? -What surgeries have you ​had? -Are you experiencing any ​pain?

The nurse is planning care for a client with a DVT of the right calf. What should the nurse include in this​ client's plan of​ care? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Coaching to perform deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours -Applying​ warm, moist heat to the affected area every 6 hours -Assisting to a sitting position with the legs dependent every 4 hours -Encouraging​ range-of-motion exercises every 2 to 4 hours -Measuring the calf and thigh diameter of the right leg every shift

-Coaching to perform deep breathing and coughing every 2 hours -Applying​ warm, moist heat to the affected area every 6 hours -Encouraging​ range-of-motion exercises every 2 to 4 hours -Measuring the calf and thigh diameter of the right leg every shift

Alicia Meritt, a 22-year-old woman with complaints of fatigue and persistent diarrhea, is suspected of having Crohn disease and is scheduled to have a colonoscopy. Which finding would Alicia's nurse expect to see from the colonoscopy if Alicia has Crohn disease? -​Red, edematous, and friable tissue -Continuous inflammatory lesions of bowel -Cobblestone appearance of bowel -Inflammation that begins at the crypts of​ Lieberkühn in the distal large intestine and rectum

-Cobblestone appearance of bowel

A nurse is performing a nursing assessment on a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). Which findings will the nurse anticipate during the health history portion of the nursing​ assessment? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Complaints of pain -Current medications -Presence of skin discoloration -Current diet -History of coronary artery disease​ (CAD)

-Complaints of pain -Current medications -Current diet -History of coronary artery disease​ (CAD)

During a physical​ assessment, the nurse becomes concerned that​ 75-year-old Hattie Jackson is experiencing acute appendicitis. Which assessment finding supports this​diagnosis? -Confusion -2 cm mass in right lower abdominal quadrant -Pain with abduction of the left hip -Hyperactive bowel sounds

-Confusion

The nurse is assessing an older client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). Which assessment findings indicate early signs of hypoxemia for this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Confusion -Dyspnea -Agitation -Tachypnea -Anxiety

-Confusion -Agitation -Anxiety

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected acute glomerulonephritis. Which clinical manifestations support this​ suspicion? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Crackles auscultated in lungs -Microscopic hematuria -Weight loss ​-Tea-colored urine -Low blood pressure

-Crackles auscultated in lungs -Microscopic hematuria ​-Tea-colored urine

What will be included in the health history of the client with irritable bowel​ disease? -Weight -Vital signs -Current medications -General appearance

-Current medications

Which manifestations occur with progressive respiratory distress for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Cyanosis -Increased pulse oximetry -Decreased respiratory rate -Use of accessory muscles of respiration -Changes in mental status

-Cyanosis -Use of accessory muscles of respiration -Changes in mental status

A client is admitted to a medical floor with acute postinfection glomerulonephritis. Which medication will the nurse administer in an effort to reduce the inflammation caused by this​ condition? -Prednisone -Cytoxan -Hydralazine -Lisinopril

-Cytoxan

Which are manifestations of dehydration in a child with bronchiolitis? (Select all that apply.) -Delayed capillary refill -Weak peripheral pulses -Decreased urine output -Intercostal muscle retractions -Dry sticky mucous membranes

-Delayed capillary refill -Weak peripheral pulses -Decreased urine output -Dry sticky mucous membranes

Mrs. Johnson is reluctant to discuss the cause of her bruises. Which feelings or conditions would make her hesitant to confide in​ you? Select all that apply. -Confusion -Amnesia -Denial -Fear -Shame

-Denial -Fear -Shame

A nurse is providing education about heart failure to a community group. Which risk factors should the nurse include in the​ presentation? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Diabetes mellitus -Coronary heart disease -Pituitary adenoma -Hypertension -Sleep apnea

-Diabetes mellitus -Coronary heart disease -Hyperension -Sleep apnea

A nurse is planning care for a client who is going to be admitted to the nurse​'s unit. The client has a diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD) and is complaining of​ nausea, heartburn, and epigastric pain. What nursing intervention will the nurse plan to​ implement? -Insert a nasogastric tube upon client admission. -Allow client to have bathroom privileges. -Listen to client​'s bowel sounds every shift. -Discourage the client from eating a nighttime snack.

-Discourage the client from eating a nighttime snack.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​(COPD). The client is exhibiting symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Which symptoms did the nurse discover during the assessment​ process? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Distended neck veins -Diminished breath sounds -Barrel chest -Cough with sputum production -Wheezing

-Distended neck veins -Cough with sputum production -Wheezing

A nurse is providing discharge orders for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). What statement will the nurse include regarding client diet and lifestyle modifications for the prevention of​ PUD? -Restrict your diet to nonfat and​ sugar-free foods. -Do not skip any meals. -Be sure to eat a bland diet to avoid a​ flare-up of PUD. -You must eliminate intake of all alcohol.

-Do not skip any meals.

The nurse is caring for Shanelle​ Hamilton, a​ 35-year-old African American female being treated for exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. What should the nurse teach Ms. Hamilton about the prescribed medication​ dexamethasone? -Do not stop taking this medication. -Notify the healthcare provider if bruising or nosebleeds occur. -Remember to get the live flu vaccination in the autumn. -Take on an empty stomach.

-Do not stop taking this medication.

A client telephones the health clinic with complaints of vague abdominal pain. The client has not been able to eat for a day and is nauseated. What advice should the nurse provide to this​client? -Rest in bed and drink warm fluids -Seek immediate medical attention -Take an​ over-the-counter laxative -Take a warm shower and apply a heating pad to the abdomen

-Seek immediate medical attention

The nurse is discussing the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease with a group of nursing students. Which information would the nurse include in the​ discussion? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Environmental factors can contribute to the etiology of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. -The peak incidence of the disease is in adolescence and young adulthood. -The disease is often linked to heredity. -Chronic inflammatory bowel disease does not affect older adults. -The disease occurs more frequently in the United States and northern European nations.

-Environmental factors can contribute to the etiology of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. -The peak incidence of the disease is in adolescence and young adulthood. -The disease is often linked to heredity. -The disease occurs more frequently in the United States and northern European nations.

Which diagnostic test is a general indicator of inflammation and may be elevated in acute postinfection glomerulonephritis and in lupus​ nephritis? -BUN -Antistreptolysin O​ (ASO) titer -Erythrocyte sedimentation rate​ (ESR) -Creatinine clearance

-Erythrocyte sedimentation rate​ (ESR)

Which structures are contained within the​ mediastinum? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Esophagus -Trachea -Lungs -Pleural membranes -Heart

-Esophagus -Trachea -Heart

Which symptom is associated with the classification of moderate persistent​ asthma? -Client is asymptomatic between attacks. -Attacks occur more than twice a week but less than daily. -Exacerbations occur more than twice a week and can last for days. -Client has limited physical activity.

-Exacerbations occur more than twice a week and can last for days.

A community health nurse is educating a group of adults about the risk factors associated with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) and chronic venous insufficiency​ (CVI). Which factors will the nurse include as those factors that increase the risk for developing CVI or​ PVD? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Male gender -Excess body weight -Age 45 or older -Physical inactivity -Increased cholesterol levels

-Excess body weight -Physical inactivity -Increased cholesterol levels

Which factors are present in the formation of​ gallstones? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Excess cholesterol -Abnormal bile composition -Inflammation of the gallbladder -Biliary stasis -Rapid weight gain

-Excess cholesterol -Abnormal bile composition -Inflammation of the gallbladder -Biliary stasis

A​ middle-aged obese woman presents with right upper quadrant abdominal pain present for the past several hours. The nurse suspects that the client is at risk for the formation of gallstones. Which risk factors will the nurse assess this client for during the health​ history? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Excess cholesterol -Inflammation of the gallbladder -Abnormal bile composition -Biliary colic -Biliary stasis

-Excess cholesterol -Inflammation of the gallbladder -Abnormal bile composition -Biliary stasis

A client is admitted with cholecystitis and is scheduled for surgery in the morning. The client asks about risk factors for developing cholecystitis. Which risk factors for developing cholecystitis would the nurse indicate to the​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Family history of gallstones -Male gender -Hyperlipidemia -Ethnicity -Obesity

-Family history of gallstones -Hyperlipidemia -Ethnicity -Obesity

Which are nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of​ asthma? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Female age 16 years -Asian American culture -African American race -Positive family history -Male age 4 years

-Female age 16 years -African American race -Male age 4 years

How is appendicitis​ classified? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Gangrenous -Infected -Inflamed -Perforated -Simple

-Gangrenous -Perforated -Simple

What is true regarding the diagnostic testing used for peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD)? -Gastroscopy allows visualization of the​ esophageal, gastric, and duodenal​ mucosa, and direct inspection of ulcers. -The upper GI series requires sedation. -In​ Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastric acid levels are decreased. -The gastric analysis can detect ​80%-90% of peptic ulcers via​ x-ray.

-Gastroscopy allows visualization of the​ esophageal, gastric, and duodenal​ mucosa, and direct inspection of ulcers.

You continue to assess Mr. Goodings health history. He reports he is more fatigued than usual but states he has also been working more due to the tax season. He has also been waking up with headaches and reports occasional dizziness when he gets up out of bed. He​ says, I have been checking my blood pressure over the past couple months. I noticed it was running a little​ high, but I was not too concerned because I have not had any symptoms of high blood pressure. Which signs or symptoms that Mr. Gooding has reported could be indicative of high blood​ pressure? Select all that apply. -Headaches -Blurred vision -Hypertension never has any symptoms -Confusion -Dizziness

-Headaches -Blurred vision -Dizziness

The nurse is providing care to a client with uncontrolled hypertension. Based on this​ diagnosis, which heath problems is the client at risk for​ developing? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Heart failure -Liver failure -Stroke -Diabetes mellitus -Coronary artery disease

-Heart failure -Stroke -Coronary artery disease

The nurse is teaching the parents of a​ 3-year-old child with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) on ways to help the child recover quickly from the disorder. What should the nurse include in this​ teaching? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Help the child to blow the nose to clear the airway -Provide frequent small meals throughout the day -Limit visits by other friends until the infection clears -Wash hands thoroughly after caring for the child -Permit the child to rest and nap throughout the day

-Help the child to blow the nose to clear the airway -Provide frequent small meals throughout the day -Wash hands thoroughly after caring for the child -Permit the child to rest and nap throughout the day

A nurse is caring for Taraj Singh, a 5-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with strep throat and treated. However, a week after Taraj's strep throat diagnosis, Taraj began complaining of a severe headache and Taraj's mother noticed Taraj had a swollen face. Taraj's healthcare provider has diagnosed Taraj with acute postinfection glomerulonephritis. Which additional manifestation will Taraj's nurse expect to find upon physical assessment? -Glucosuria -Muscle spasms -ECG abnormalities -Hematuria

-Hematuria

A nurse is preparing educational materials for a community health fair concerning stroke. What information would the nurse include about the causes of hemorrhagic​ stroke? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm in the brain. -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by damage to the blood-brain barrier -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by rupture of a fragile arterial vessel in the brain. -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by an atherosclerotic plaque breaking off in the artery. -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by traumatic injury to the​ brain, such as a fall.

-Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by a ruptured aneurysm in the brain. -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by rupture of a fragile arterial vessel in the brain. -Hemorrhagic stroke can be caused by traumatic injury to the​ brain, such as a fall.

Which pharmacologic therapy is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD) for reducing gastric acid​ content? -Sucralfate -Bismuth compounds -Antacids -Histamine2​-receptor blockers

-Histamine2​-receptor blockers

A nurse is performing a nursing assessment on a client with a pulmonary embolism​ (PE). Which assessments will the nurse anticipate during the health history portion of the nursing​ assessment? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Degree of edema -History of DVT -Current medications -Recent surgeries -Quality of apical pulse

-History of DVT -Current medications -Recent surgeries

A nurse is caring for Maria Lopez, a 68-year-old female who presents to the hospital in a hypertensive crisis. Ms. Lopez's healthcare provider has ruled out a neurological cause for her symptoms and now suspects that Ms. Lopez may be suffering from nephritis. Ms. Lopez's nurse is performing a focused exam and is now performing Ms. Lopez's health history intake. Which factor would the nurse suspect as being related to the possible diagnosis of nephritis? -Weight loss of 10 pounds over last 2 months -Upper back or shoulder pain -History of a nonhealing skin infection -Muscle wasting or flaccidity

-History of a nonhealing skin infection

A nurse is caring for Jeret​ Sudiki, a​ 72-year-old man who has been diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism after presenting to the emergency department with sudden shortness of breath.​ Jeret's nurse is anticipating that the health care provider will order fibrinolytic therapy in the collaborative treatment of​ Jeret's condition. Which manifestation or past medical history is a contraindication of this therapy for​ Jeret? -History of COPD -History of intracranial bleeding -Blood pressure of​ 140/84 -Blood sugar of 200​ mg/dL

-History of intracranial bleeding

Mr. Gooding returns to the clinic after 2 months. You previously educated him on lifestyle modification to manage his primary hypertension. He has been keeping a log of his blood pressure readings. You notice his blood pressure has ranged from​ 138/86 to​ 152/98 mmHg. His blood pressure today is​ 142/82 mmHg in the left arm. Which medications do you anticipate the health care provider may prescribe to treat his primary​ hypertension? Select all that apply. -Hydrochlorathiazide​ (Hydrodiuril) -Vasotec​ (Enalapril) -Amitriptyline​ (Elavil) -Metoprolol tartrate​ (Lopressor) -No medications are necessary at this time.

-Hydrochlorathiazide​ (Hydrodiuril) -Vasotec​ (Enalapril) -Metoprolol tartrate​ (Lopressor)

The intensive care nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with status asthmaticus who is currently not receiving medical treatment. What is this client at risk for​ developing? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Hypercapnia -Hyperresonance -Alkalosis -Anxiety -Hyporeflexia

-Hypercapnia -Hyperresonance -Anxiety

The nurse in the emergency department is assessing an adult client with emphysema. What symptoms of emphysema would not be obvious from inspection and direct observation by the​ nurse? ​-Pursed-lip breathing and clubbing of fingers -Shortness of breath -Barrel chest -Hyperresonance sounds from the lungs

-Hyperresonance sounds from the lungs

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with sepsis. Which clinical finding indicates the client may be experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? -Fever -Bradycardia -Cough -Hypoxemia

-Hypoxemia

The nurse is evaluating teaching provided to a client with chronic inflammation. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been​ successful? -I ignore the pain until I can​'t stand it anymore. -I think it would be best if I just died right now. -I lay in bed most days. -I limit doing things that aggravate the pain.

-I limit doing things that aggravate the pain.

You work on the medicaldashsurgical unit in a large urban hospital. Alfreda Cochran is a​ 66-year-old African American female who has just been admitted to the unit from the emergency department​ (ED). As you review Mrs. Cochrans​ chart, you learn that she was brought to the hospital on an ambulance during an asthma attack. Prior to calling for an​ ambulance, she had been cleaning a small bathroom in her home with several different cleaning products. She has a history of asthma and was having difficulty catching her breath. She was stabilized in the ED and admitted to your unit. She is currently wearing oxygen at 3​ L/min and her oxygen saturation level is​ 95%. She weighs 182 pounds and is 52 tall. She has an intravenous line infusing NS into her right forearm. At​ home, she uses a leukotriene modifier and beclothmethasone​ (Beconase) to help control her asthma symptoms. Her vital signs are T 98.8​°​F, P 94​ bpm, R​ 24/min, and BP​ 142/86 mmHg.You come to Mrs. Cochrans room. You find her lying quietly in bed. As you speak with Mrs.​ Cochran, you identify several risk factors for the development of asthma and triggers for an asthma attack based on which of her​ statements? Select all that apply. -I live in a big apartment building downtown. -I just do not eat enough fruits and vegetables. -My sister came for a visit last​ week, and she smoked in my apartment because she said it was too cold to go outside. -I caught a cold from my grandson about 2 weeks ago. -Ive been so lonely since my husband passed​ away, so I got myself a little dog.

-I live in a big apartment building downtown. -My sister came for a visit last​ week, and she smoked in my apartment because she said it was too cold to go outside. -I caught a cold from my grandson about 2 weeks ago. -Ive been so lonely since my husband passed​ away, so I got myself a little dog.

Which diagnostic test evaluates obstructed bile in the biliary​ duct? -Serum bilirubin -Serum amylase -WBC count -Serum lipase

-Serum bilirubin

You are speaking to Mrs. Cochran about some lifestyle changes that she can make to help prevent the occurrence of future asthma attacks. Which statement by Mrs. Cochran indicates that further education is​ necessary? -I talked to a real estate agent about looking for a home that is out in the country. -I told my sister that if she comes to stay with me​ again, she is going to have to smoke outside. -I sure cant wait to get back to my apartment so I can pet my dog. -My daughter bought me some disposable masks to wear in case I need to go out in the cold.

-I sure cant wait to get back to my apartment so I can pet my dog.

Mrs. Cochrans health care provider has requested that you teach her how to use a peak expiratory flow rate​ (PEFR) meter to monitor her asthma following discharge. She has never used a PEFR before and​ asks, What the heck is that supposed to​ do? You educate her about the use of a PEFR meter. Which statements by Mrs. Cochran indicate that she has an adequate understanding about the use of PEFR​ meter? -I need to use it once a week at​ first, and later once a month. -I use the meter to monitor how well the air is flowing out of my lungs. -These things sound so​ expensive, Im not sure Ill be able to afford all of my medications. -When I see yellow on the meter after I use​ it, that means that my asthma is under control.

-I use the meter to monitor how well the air is flowing out of my lungs.

Which is a risk factor for development of a DVT? (Select all that apply.) -Immobilization -Hormone therapy -Lung cancer -Diabetes mellitus -Hypercholesterolemia

-Immobilization -Hormone therapy -Lung cancer

The nurse is planning care for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. Which problem is priority for the nurse to address when caring for this​ client? -Impaired skin integrity -Fatigue -Impaired nutrition -Impaired fluid balance

-Impaired fluid balance

The nurse is planning care for a client with inflammatory bowel disease. What problem is priority for the nurse to address when caring for this​ client? -Impaired nutrition -Impaired skin integrity -Fatigue -Impaired fluid balance

-Impaired fluid balance

A client was recently admitted with a gallbladder disorder. The nurse is preparing to teach health promotion activities. Which topics are appropriate to include in the teaching​ session? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Importance of a​ low-cholesterol diet -Role of a​ high-cholesterol diet on gallstone formation -Role of hypolipidemia on gallstone formation -Importance of a​ high-fiber diet -Dangers of rapid weight loss

-Importance of a​ low-cholesterol diet -Role of a​ high-cholesterol diet on gallstone formation -Importance of a​ high-fiber diet -Dangers of rapid weight loss

The nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). What will the nurse include in​ teaching? -Importance of rest if client feels dizzy -Importance of using​ over-the-counter analgesics for mild pain -Importance of continuing treatment until symptoms of PUD subside -Importance of stress management techniques

-Importance of stress management techniques

A nurse is caring for a client with a possible diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. Which laboratory values would the nurse pay particular attention to when monitoring for manifestations of this​ condition? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Increased BUN -Decreased urine creatinine -Decreased ESR -Increased serum creatinine -Positive ASO titer

-Increased BUN -Decreased urine creatinine -Increased serum creatinine -Positive ASO titer

The nurse is planning care for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). What nursing diagnosis is the priority for the nurse to​ initiate? -Anticipatory grieving -Acute pain -Deficient knowledge -Ineffective airway clearance

-Ineffective airway clearance

The nurse is caring for an older adult client diagnosed with nephritis and congestive heart failure​ (CHF). Which clinical finding may be present in this​ client, which is not a typical finding in the client with​ nephritis? -Flank pain -Purulent sputum -Infiltrates on chest​ x-ray -Midabdominal

-Infiltrates on chest​ x-ray

A nurse is providing education to the parent of a​ 6-year-old client diagnosed with asthma. Which statement by the parent regarding pathophysiology indicates understanding of the​ education? -There is decreased capillary permeability leading to mucosal edema. -There is decreased mucus​ production, which leads to narrowed airways leading to symptoms. -Inflammatory mediators cause the symptoms my child is experiencing. -Bronchodilation is causing symptoms for my child.

-Inflammatory mediators cause the symptoms my child is experiencing.

Which pharmacologic therapy used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases suppresses tumor necrosis factor​ (TNF) to reduce​ inflammation? -Infliximab​ (Remicade) -Olsalazine​ (Dipentum) -Metronidazole​ (Flagyl) -Methylprednisolone​ (Solu-Medrol)

-Infliximab​ (Remicade)

Eli Schwartz is a​ 15-year-old boy who was recently diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea. Which nursing intervention would​ Eli's nurse provide for​ Eli? -Infuse intravenous fluids as prescribed -Avoid​ anti-inflammatory medications -Avoid placing any kind of cream on the perianal region -Weigh every other day

-Infuse intravenous fluids as prescribed

Which effects has cigarette smoking been known to​ cause? ​ (Select all that​ apply.) -Atrophy of​ mucus-secreting glands -Inhibited function of alveolar macrophages -Enhanced ciliary movement -Constriction of smooth muscle -Destruction of airways

-Inhibited function of alveolar macrophages -Constriction of smooth muscle -Destruction of airways

Which items will the nurse include in the physical examination portion of the nursing assessment for a client diagnosed with heart failure? (Select all that apply. -Inspecting for jugular vein distention -Inspecting for edema -Reviewing current medications -Taking vital signs -Palpating peripheral pulses

-Inspecting for jugular vein distention -Inspecting for edema -Taking vital signs -Palpating peripheral pulses

A client is experiencing acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). The client​'s spouse asks the nurse what caused ARDS. The nurse bases the response on which etiologies of indirect injury to the​ lungs? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Fat embolism -Systemic sepsis -Multiple blood transfusions -Pancreatitis -Smoke inhalation

-Systemic sepsis -Multiple blood transfusions -Pancreatitis

A client was seen in the emergency department with an initial complaint of abdominal pain and was admitted to an​ in-patient unit earlier in the day. The client is now in surgery having her gallbladder removed. Which topics will be included in the​ client's discharge​ education? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Instruct on surgical incision care -Instruct on pain control measures -Instruct on prescribed activity level -Instruct on a​ high-fat diet -Teach manifestations of postoperative complications

-Instruct on surgical incision care -Instruct on pain control measures -Instruct on prescribed activity level -Teach manifestations of postoperative complications

Which independent nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client experiencing​ tachypnea? -Repositioning the head of the bed to less than 30 degrees -Instructing the client to complete breathing exercises -Administering oxygen -Suctioning the upper airway

-Instructing the client to complete breathing exercises

While reviewing laboratory​ results, the nurse notes that one client has an elevated​ C-reactive protein level. What should the nurse identify as a priority for this​ client? -Interventions to rule out the diagnosis of liver failure -Teaching to reduce aggravation of inflammation after discharge -Actions to reduce localized inflammation -Administration of medications to reduce symptoms of inflammation

-Interventions to rule out the diagnosis of liver failure

The nurse is preparing to provide newly prescribed​ anti-inflammatory medication to a​ 33-year-old female client with systemic lupus erythematosus. What should the nurse ask this client before providing the​ medication? -How many hours of sleep do you get each ​night? -Do you need to drive or operate electronic ​machinery? -Is it possible that you are ​pregnant? -Does your health insurance have a pharmacy ​plan?

-Is it possible that you are ​pregnant?

What is true regarding sulfasalazine​ (Azulfidine) prescribed for clients with inflammatory bowel​ disease? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -The client should reduce intake of sodium when taking this. -The main side effect is appetite stimulation. -It blocks the production of prostaglandin to reduce inflammation. -The client should use sunscreen when taking this. -It reduces the amount of stools per day to maintain fluid balance.

-It blocks the production of prostaglandin to reduce inflammation. -The client should use sunscreen when taking this.

A nurse is caring for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD) who is taking a proton pump inhibitor​ (PPI) for the treatment of PUD. Prior to administering this​ medication, what does the nurse need to know about a​ PPI? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -It inhibits histamine binding to the receptors on the gastric parietal cells to reduce acid secretion. -It stimulates gastric mucosal defenses. -It may be used in combination with two antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori. -It stimulates secretion of​ mucus, bicarbonate, and prostaglandin. -It inhibits an​ acid-secreting enzyme to reduce gastric acid content.

-It may be used in combination with two antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori. -It inhibits an​ acid-secreting enzyme to reduce gastric acid content.

Which statement is true regarding Goodpasture​ syndrome? -It is a result of systemic lupus erythematosus​ (SLE). -It is caused by an infection. -It may cause glucosuria​ (glucose in the​ urine). -It may cause hemoptysis​ (bloody sputum).

-It may cause hemoptysis​ (bloody sputum).

Which conditions cause secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply.) -Lupus -Kidney disease -Diabetes -Asthma -Pregnancy

-Kidney disease -Diabetes -Pregnancy

Which diagnostic test used in the collaborative care of nephritis uses nuclear medicine to visualize the​ kidney? -Kidney scan -KUB -Renal biopsy -Renal ultrasound

-Kidney scan

The health care provider asks you to educate Mr. Gooding on lifestyle modifications including the​ (Dietary Approaches to Stop​ Hypertension) DASH diet. Mr. Gooding looks at you and states Oh​ good! I believe Im already eating the DASH diet. I do not have much time to eat lunch at​ work, so I have to eat quickly. I have been eating at the buffet near my office every day. What will you include when educating Mr. Gooding on the DASH​ diet? Select all that apply. -Limit sodium and fat intake. -Limit calories to 2500 per day. -Eat lean meat​ (fish, poultry). -Eat 7 to 8 servings of whole​ grains, 2 to 3 servings of low fat​ milk, and 4 to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily. -Do not eat fat or drink alcoholic beverages.

-Limit sodium and fat intake.y. -Eat lean meat​ (fish, poultry). -Eat 7 to 8 servings of whole​ grains, 2 to 3 servings of low fat​ milk, and 4 to 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

Which nutritional modifications are therapeutic for clients experiencing an episode of​ cholecystitis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Limiting food intake ​-Low-fiber, low-residue diet -Nasogastric tube insertion ​-Low-fat diet ​-High-protein diet

-Limiting food intake -Nasogastric tube insertion ​-Low-fat diet

A client is newly diagnosed with acute postinfection glomerulonephritis. Which medication will the nurse administer to manage the protein loss associated with nephrotic​ syndrome? -Prednisone​ (Deltasone) -Hydralazine​ (Apresoline) -Cyclophosphamide​ (Cytoxan) -Lisinopril​ (Zestril)

-Lisinopril​ (Zestril)

The results of diagnostic tests indicate that a client with coronary artery disease has cardiomyopathy. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to assess in this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Lower extremity edema -Fatigue -Shortness of breath when walking -Nosebleeds -Morning headache

-Lower extremity edema -Fatigue -Shortness of breath when walking

Which test is used to diagnose a​ DVT? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Magnetic resonance imaging -Magnetic resonance angiography -Duplex venous ultrasonography -Plethysmography -​Color-flow Doppler ultrasound

-Magnetic resonance imaging -Duplex venous ultrasonography -Plethysmography

A nurse is caring for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. When planning care for this​ client, which interventions take primary​ focus? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Maintain skin integrity -Promote nutritional balance -Prevent infection -Maintain fluid balance -Promote adequate sleep pattern

-Maintain skin integrity -Promote nutritional balance -Prevent infection -Maintain fluid balance

The nurse is planning care for a client with ulcerative colitis. Which characteristics associated with ulcerative colitis will the nurse​ recognize? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Mild to moderate symptoms are present. -Attacks last 1 to 3 months. -The onset is usually insidious. -It affects the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. -A secondary peak of ulcerative colitis occurs between the ages of 40 and 50 years.

-Mild to moderate symptoms are present. -Attacks last 1 to 3 months. -The onset is usually insidious.

A nurse is caring for a client with inflammatory bowel disease. When planning care for this​ client, which interventions take primary​ focus? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Monitor weight -Encourage deep breathing and coughing -Maintain skin integrity -Promote nutritional balance -Maintain fluid balance

-Monitor weight -Maintain skin integrity -Promote nutritional balance -Maintain fluid balance

Which nursing actions are appropriate to reduce the risk of infection for a hospitalized client recovering from a laparoscopic​ cholecystectomy? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Monitoring vital​ signs, including​ temperature, every 4 hours -Assisting client to deep breathe and cough or use incentive spirometers every 1 to 2 hours while awake -Placing the patient in Fowler position -Assessing abdomen every 4 hours as indicated postsurgery -Administering antibiotics as prescribed

-Monitoring vital​ signs, including​ temperature, every 4 hours -Assisting client to deep breathe and cough or use incentive spirometers every 1 to 2 hours while awake -Assessing abdomen every 4 hours as indicated postsurgery -Administering antibiotics as prescribed

The nurse is reviewing the blood test results conducted on Carmen​ Pataglia, a​ 68-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis. On which laboratory value should the nurse focus to determine the presence of chronic inflammation in Ms.​Pataglia? -Lymphocytes​ 30% -Neutrophils​ 40% -Monocytes​ 10% -Basophils​ 0.6%

-Monocytes​ 10%

What is true regarding duodenal​ ulcers? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -More common in individuals who eat poorly -More common in individuals who smoke -Typically develop between the ages of 30 and 55 -Typically develop between the ages of 55 and 70 -More common in men than in women

-More common in individuals who smoke -Typically develop between the ages of 30 and 55 -More common in men than in women

You are concerned about the bruises on Mrs. Johnson​'s arms and legs. What possible causes would you want to consider when completing your assessment of Mrs.​ Johnson? Select all that apply. -Mrs.​ Johnson's propranolol​ (Inderal) might be increasing her clotting time above the target range. -Mrs. Johnson could have orthostatic hypotension. -Mrs. Johnson could be in a domestic violence situation. -Mrs. Johnson could be falling often.

-Mrs. Johnson could have orthostatic hypotension. -Mrs. Johnson could be in a domestic violence situation. -Mrs. Johnson could be falling often.

Which health problems can develop from coronary artery disease? (Select all that apply.) -Hypertension -Myocardial infarction -Hyperlipidemia -Angina -Coronary artery spasms

-Myocardial infarction -Angina -Coronary artery spasms

The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS) who needs an artificial airway to assist in maintaining an open airway. Which airway will the nurse plan to reposition every 8 hours while providing​ care? -Nasopharyngeal -Tracheostomy -Oropharyngeal -Endotracheal

-Nasopharyngeal

The mother of a​ 10-year-old client is pleased to hear that the child​'s blood work for inflammation was negative but asks why the child continues to have symptoms. Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? -Normal results are common in children with inflammation. -The child is experiencing a mild case of inflammation. -The level of inflammation has subsided. -Blood tests are not useful to diagnose the presence of inflammation.

-Normal results are common in children with inflammation.

A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with heart failure. The client is placed on venous pressure monitoring. Which information about the heart function does venous pressure monitoring​ provide? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Normal​ range, 2 to 6 mmHg -Left ventricular and cardiac functioning -Right heart filling pressures -Fluid status -Direct and continuous arterial blood pressures

-Normal​ range, 2 to 6 mmHg -Right heart filling pressures -Fluid status

Kevin​ Gooding, a​ 42-year-old accountant, comes into the clinic for a physical examination. He reports he feels fine but​ says, I feel more tired than I usually do. With the upcoming tax​ season, he reports he has been working longer hours and has had a few more headaches than usual. He admits he has not been eating a well balanced diet. With his busy work​ schedule, Mr. Gooding has had to eat out more than usual and has not been exercising. He reports he would like to quit​ smoking, but he has been unsuccessful in the past. He currently smokes 1 pack per day.You are the nurse conducting Mr. Goodings initial assessment at the health care providers office. Mr. Gooding has olive​ skin, hazel​ eyes, and curly black hair. On the health history Mr. Gooding​ completed, he lists his​ race/ethnicity as African American. You obtain his height and​ weight: 5 feet 10​ inches, 214 pounds. Mr. Gooding is surprised by his weight. You note on the chart he has gained 20 pounds compared to his last visit one year ago. Based on your initial​ assessment, Mr. Gooding has which modifiable risk factors associated with primary ​hypertension? -African American male -Obesity and sedentary lifestyle -Smoking 1 pack per day -Eating fast food -Stress

-Obesity and sedentary lifestyle -Smoking 1 pack per day -Eating fast food -Stress

The nurse is planning care for a client who has been prescribed bed rest after abdominal surgery. Which action by the nurse helps to prevent development of a DVT in this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Limiting fluids and restricting caloric intake -Reviewing ankle extension and flexion exercises -Placing a pillow under the​ client's knees -Teaching the proper way to cross the legs -Elevating the​ client's feet with the knees slightly bent

-Reviewing ankle extension and flexion exercises -Elevating the​ client's feet with the knees slightly bent

You repeat the blood pressure in Mr. Goodings left arm and get​ 152/104 mmHg as compared to​ 145/98 mmHg in his right arm. After documenting the blood pressure​ reading, Mr. Gooding asks you why you took the blood pressure in both arms. What is your best​ response? -The arm with the lower blood pressure more accurately reflects your blood pressure and should always be used to check your blood pressure. -Our doctor is very thorough and it is his policy to check it in both arms. -Obtaining the blood pressure in both arms helps to determine if one arm is​ higher; that arm will most accurately reflect your blood pressure. -The cuff may be too​ small, and I want to compare it to the reading in the left arm to make sure it is the same.

-Obtaining the blood pressure in both arms helps to determine if one arm is​ higher; that arm will most accurately reflect your blood pressure.

A nurse on the​ medical-surgical unit is providing care for a client with new onset stroke. The nurse notes the client is having difficulty with eating and swallowing. Which members of the rehabilitative team will the nurse consult with regarding this​ issue? (Select all that​ apply.) -Case manager -Occupational therapist -Dietician -Speech therapist -Physical therapist

-Occupational therapist -Speech therapist

The nurse is planning a care conference for a client recently diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which team members should the nurse invite to the care conference for this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Occupational therapist -Nutritionist -Respiratory therapist -Physical therapist -Billing specialist

-Occupational therapist -Nutritionist -Respiratory therapist -Physical therapist

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic inflammatory bowel disease who is prescribed antibiotics to treat the condition. The client reports an allergy to sulfa. Which medication orders will the nurse​ question? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Ciprofloxacin​ (Cipro) -Olsalazine​ (Dipentum) -Sulfasalazine​ (Azulfidine) -Mesalamine​ (Asacol, Rowasa) -Clarithromycin​ (Biaxin)

-Olsalazine​ (Dipentum) -Sulfasalazine​ (Azulfidine) -Mesalamine​ (Asacol, Rowasa)

The nurse is concerned that a​ 9-month-old child being treated for bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) is developing respiratory distress. Which assessment findings support this​ concern? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Onset of expiratory grunting -Visible intercostal retractions with ventilations -Femoral pulse weak and 120 beats per minute -Respiratory rate increased from 30 to 48 a minute -Systolic blood pressure 10 mmHg less than previous measurement

-Onset of expiratory grunting -Visible intercostal retractions with ventilations -Respiratory rate increased from 30 to 48 a minute

Which nonpharmacologic therapy is appropriate for a child with respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV)? -Suctioning the airway every hour -Organizing care to allow for rest -Taking the child to the playroom to socialize -Providing three full meals each day

-Organizing care to allow for rest

Which breathing difficulty is associated with body​ position? -Hypoxia -Apnea -Tachypnea -Orthopnea

-Orthopnea

The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment on a young adult. What findings are considered alterations of​ oxygenation? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Orthopnea -Dyspnea -Tachypnea -Eupnea -Retractions

-Orthopnea -Dyspnea -Tachypnea -Retractions

A client is newly admitted with chest tubes. Which type of intervention is the priority when providing nursing care to this​ client? -Inputs -Pressure supports -Outputs -Fluid supports

-Outputs

A community health nurse is planning to teach a group of clients about the​ etiology, risk​ factors, and prevention of nephritis. Which group of clients would best benefit from this​ education? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Parents of children with sickle cell disease -Pregnant female clients -Male clients with prostate cancer -Clients with congestive heart failure -Clients with diabetes

-Parents of children with sickle cell disease -Clients with congestive heart failure -Clients with diabetes

Manny​ Domingo, a​ 45-year-old gardener is being treated for severe inflammation of the right lower leg. Why should the nurse teach Manny infection control techniques prior to being​ discharged? -The body will perceive normal tissue as being foreign. -Pathogens could cause the inflammatory process to become worse. -Temporary or​ long-term impairment of function can occur. -An abnormal inflammatory response can cause airway obstruction.

-Pathogens could cause the inflammatory process to become worse.

An​ 8-year-old child is admitted in the emergency room for asthma. The nurse would expect which of the following diagnostic and lab tests to be​ ordered? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Peak expiratory flow -Pulse oximetry -Allergy skin testing -Arterial blood gas -Spirometry

-Peak expiratory flow -Pulse oximetry -Allergy skin testing -Arterial blood gas

The nurse is assessing an adult client who is complaining of chest congestion and cough. What​ skill(s) would the nurse expect to use to specifically assess for chest​ congestion? -Auscultation -Percussion and auscultation -Inspection -Palpation and percussion

-Percussion and auscultation

A nurse is caring for William Sanders, a 65-year-old male with a history of peptic ulcer disease (PUD), who presents to the emergency department via ambulance gurney. Mr. Sanders called first responders to his house when he developed severe upper abdominal pain that radiated to his right shoulder. Mr. Sanders's heart rate is 114 and blood pressure is 90/55. Mr. Sanders's nurse notes that his skin is cool and clammy, his abdomen is hard, and no bowel sounds can be auscultated. What complication associated with PUD does the nurse suspect that Mr. Sanders has? -Gastric outlet obstruction -Perforation -Hemorrhage ​-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

-Perforation

Which medication is only used to treat severe case of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)? -Racemic epinephrine -Ribivarin -Prednisone -Aceteminophen

-Ribivarin

During an​ assessment, the nurse becomes concerned that a client is experiencing early signs of acute appendicitis. Which assessment finding causes this​ concern? -Left lower quadrant abdominal pain aggravated by bending the left leg -Right lower quadrant abdominal pain aggravated by coughing ​-Mid-lower abdominal pain aggravated by palpating over the bladder ​-Mid-epigastric abdominal pain aggravated by bending forward

-Right lower quadrant abdominal pain aggravated by coughing

A nurse manager is teaching a group of staff nurses about the complications related to peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). What statement regarding peritonitis will the nurse manager include in the​ teaching? -Chemical peritonitis occurs between 6 and 12 hours after​ perforation, when the acids from the stomach or duodenum create an inflammatory response. -Bacterial peritonitis happens immediately after perforation as bacteria proliferate in the peritoneal cavity. -Peritonitis occurs due to the obstruction of the pyloric region of the stomach and duodenum. The increased pressure from the obstruction leads to peritonitis. -Peritonitis occurs when the ulcer penetrates through the mucosal​ wall, causing gastric or duodenal contents to enter the peritoneum.

-Peritonitis occurs when the ulcer penetrates through the mucosal​ wall, causing gastric or duodenal contents to enter the peritoneum.

Which are complementary behavioral or mind-body therapies used to help some clients with hypertension reduce blood pressure? (Select all that apply.) -Physical exercise -Angiotensin II receptor blockers​ (ARBs) -Tai chi -Yoga -Memory games

-Physical exercise -Tai chi -Yoga

When planning care for a client experiencing an asthma​ attack, the nurse needs to address the client​'s shortness of breath. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this​ client? -Assess level of anxiety -Use relaxation techniques -Place head of bed in a Fowler position -Reduce external stimuli

-Place head of bed in a Fowler position

Which independent intervention is a priority for a client who is experiencing​ dyspnea? -Weigh the client daily in the morning -Place the client in​ high- Fowler position -Order oxygen 2 to 4 L per nasal cannula -Turn the client once a shift

-Place the client in​ high- Fowler position

What independent action by the nurse will enhance oxygenation for a client diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? -Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees -Restricting fluid intake each shift -Placing in a prone position several times each day -Administering oxygen

-Placing in a prone position several times each day

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS) who requires mechanical ventilation. Which ventilator mode will promote pressure throughout the respiratory​cycle? -Positive​ end-expiratory pressure​ (PEEP) -Tidal volume -Sensitivity -Flow rate

-Positive​ end-expiratory pressure​ (PEEP)

What are risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis? (Select all that apply.) -Age 4 or older -Premature birth -Attends daycare -Chronic lung disease -Cigarette smoke exposure

-Premature birth -Attends daycare -Chronic lung disease -Cigarette smoke exposure

A client with severe arthritis of the right hip is scheduled for total hip replacement surgery. What is the first action that the nurse should take at this​ time? -Discuss the length of rehabilitation. -Ensure a bed is available for the client after surgery. -Prepare needed preoperative teaching. -Determine who will help the client at home after surgery.

-Prepare needed preoperative teaching.

While eating a peanut butter sandwich as a bedtime​ snack, the nurse observes a client begin to wheeze and complain of dizziness. What should the nurse do​ first? -Provide an antihistamine. -Lower the head of the bed. -Prepare to administer epinephrine. -Notify anesthesia for intubation.

-Prepare to administer epinephrine.

A nurse is preparing to obtain a health history from a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). Which factors should the nurse include in this portion of the nursing​ assessment? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -History of a​ high-fat diet -Presence of nausea and vomiting -History of chronic use of NSAIDs -Complaints of heartburn -History of smoking

-Presence of nausea and vomiting -History of chronic use of NSAIDs -Complaints of heartburn -History of smoking

The nurse is caring for a client who has chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The client tells the nurse the she is taking nutritional supplements that help reduce the inflammation. Which supplements are used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel​ disease? -Energy drinks -Vitamin K tablets -Probiotics -Glucose tablets

-Probiotics

What will prevent the spread of infection when a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is admitted to a care area? -Perform frequent handwashing -Cover the child​'s face with a mask -Prohibit contact between clients with and without RSV -Admit to the intensive care unit

-Prohibit contact between clients with and without RSV

A nurse is caring for a client with nephritis and wishes to assist the client in maintaining nutritional balance. Which interventions best support the client​'s nutritional​ balance? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Provide a diet with large portions of meat and dairy -Provide opportunity for family to bring food from home -Provide large portions of food across the life span -Provide a diet with no added salt -Provide a diet low in protein

-Provide opportunity for family to bring food from home -Provide a diet with no added salt -Provide a diet low in protein

The nurse is discussing diagnostic tests for COPD. Which diagnostic tests will assist in evaluating the extent and current progression of the​ disease? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Pulmonary function tests -Ventilation-perfusion testing -Arterial blood gas analysis -CBC with differential -Serum​ alpha-1 antitrypsin

-Pulmonary function tests -Ventilation-perfusion testing -Arterial blood gas analysis

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a possible myocardial infarction​ (MI). Which assessment findings are consistent with this​ diagnosis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Q wave changes -ST segment depression -Anxiety -Vomiting -Tachypnea

-Q wave changes -Anxiety -Vomiting -Tachypnea

Why does anaphylaxis​ occur? -Rapid release of inflammatory mediators -Damaged tissues are replacement by other cells -Release of heparin and histamine -No answer text provided.

-Rapid release of inflammatory mediators

What is one of the risk factors for gallbladder​ disease? -Rapid weight loss -Hypolipidemia -Male gender -Hypocalcemia

-Rapid weight loss

Which clinical manifestation is expected with acute​ appendicitis? -High fever -Rebound tenderness -Pain relieved with ambulation -Reduced pain after vomiting

-Rebound tenderness

A nurse is reviewing diagnostic tests for a client newly diagnosed with heart failure. The nurse is concerned that the client is experiencing renal issues in addition to the heart failure. Which diagnostic tests would the nurse focus on to help determine renal​ function? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Chest​ x-ray -Serum creatinine -​B-type natriuretic​ peptide(BNP) -Blood urea nitrogen​ (BUN) -Urinalysis

-Serum creatinine -Blood urea nitrogen​ (BUN) -Urinalysis

A pediatric client who has asthma is brought to the emergency room. He is unable to​ speak, has shortness of​ breath, and has diminished breath sounds. Based on the assessment​ findings, what type of asthma exacerbation is the client​ experiencing? -Minimal -Moderate -Severe -Mild

-Severe

A client with asthma​ reports, "I cannot catch my breath with the most simple of​ tasks, and I find the only thing I can do is sit in a chair most days." Based on these​ symptoms, what classification of asthma is this client​ experiencing? -Moderate persistent -Severe persistent -Mild intermittent -Mild persistent

-Severe persistent

​Brian, a student​ nurse, is shadowing you today. The two of you are sitting in the nurses station discussing what should be included in Mrs. Cochrans discharge instructions. Which statements by the student nurse indicate that he requires further education about asthma​ management? -It would be great if she would start​ exercising, but it would be best for her to do it indoors. -Shes definitely going to need an influenza vaccine every five years. -Some of the medications that asthmatic clients take shouldnt be taken with herbal preparations. -Asthma clients fare better when they are able to effectively manage their stress.

-Shes definitely going to need an influenza vaccine every five years.

Mrs. Cochrans health care provider has ordered for her to continue on her home medications while she is hospitalized. Mrs. Cochrans blood was drawn this morning to monitor her theophylline​ level, and you have performed a​ head-to-toe assessment. Which findings are most consistent with the development of theophylline​ toxicity? Select all that apply. -She​ states, My stomach really hurts. -Theophylline level is 22​ mcg/mL. -She​ states, While Ive been in the​ hospital, Ive become so constipated. -She​ states, I feel so jumpy and I cant sleep at night. -Apical pulse is 58 beats per minute.

-She​ states, My stomach really hurts. -Theophylline level is 22​ mcg/mL. -She​ states, I feel so jumpy and I cant sleep at night.

During a home​ visit, the nurse is concerned that a client is experiencing an acute inflammation. What did the nurse assess in this​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Skin area hot to touch -Skin area swollen -Pain level 7 on a scale from 1 to 10 -Skin area reddened -Pink and red wound tissue

-Skin area hot to touch -Skin area swollen -Pain level 7 on a scale from 1 to 10 -Skin area reddened

The nurse is assessing an​ 8-year-old client during a​ well-child visit at a clinic. Which anatomical differences does the nurse expect to finding during the assessment​ process? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Smaller nasopharynx -Atrophy of the tonsils -Small mouth with large tongue -Larynx and glottis lower in the neck -Soft tracheal cartilage

-Smaller nasopharynx -Small mouth with large tongue -Soft tracheal cartilage

As you educate Mr. Gooding regarding his newly diagnosed​ hypertension, which referrals may be​ necessary? Select all that apply. -No additional referrals are needed. He just needs to​ follow-up with the health care provider. -Smoking cessation program -Physical therapy -Dietician for dietary teaching -Weight management program

-Smoking cessation program -Dietician for dietary teaching -Weight management program

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of respiratory issues. Which lifestyle factor indicates a priority need for​ instruction? -Age -Sexual orientation -Smoking history -Weight

-Smoking history

The nurse identifies the potential for impaired gas exchange as a potential problem for​ 68-year-old Jorge​ Dominiquez, who is recovering from an appendectomy. Which intervention should the nurse select to support this​ client's oxygenation​ needs? -Replacing nasogastric drainage with intravenous fluids -Providing pain medication as prescribed -Splinting the incision when coughing -Assessing bowel sounds before changing the dressing

-Splinting the incision when coughing

Which pathological factors, or parts of the Virchow triad, are associated with thrombophlebitis? (Select all that apply.) -Stasis of blood -Increased blood coagulability -Lysis -Vessel damage -Embolism

-Stasis of blood -Increased blood coagulability -Vessel damage

Danae Jacobs is a 35-year-old woman with a history of Crohn disease, which manifested itself when she was 21 years old. For the last 2 years, she has been on numerous antibiotics and steroids with less than desirable effects. After a recent colonoscopy, the surgeon has told Danae that strictures have formed in her bowel and he suggested surgery. What surgery does Danae's nurse anticipate Danae needing? -Strictureplasty -Sigmoidoscopy -Bowel resection -Total colectomy ileal​ pouch-anal anastomosis​ (IPAA)

-Strictureplasty

The nurse is monitoring a client receiving several different medications for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). Which medication administered to the client prevents​ atelectasis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Confusion -Surfactant -Prednisone -Heparin

-Surfactant

Which type of medication is used to help maintain open alveoli in clients with acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS)? -Inhaled nitric oxide -NSAIDs -Corticosteroids -Surfactant therapy

-Surfactant therapy

Which are signs of​ inflammation? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Swelling -Paresthesias -Paralysis -Pain -Redness

-Swelling -Pain -Redness

What are the characteristics of chronic​ glomerulonephritis? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Symmetrical decrease in the size of the kidneys -Gradual decline in renal function -Surfaces of the kidneys become soft and boggy -Entire nephrons are eventually lost ​-Slow, progressive destruction of the glomeruli

-Symmetrical decrease in the size of the kidneys -Gradual decline in renal function -Entire nephrons are eventually lost ​-Slow, progressive destruction of the glomeruli

The nurse is caring for a client with inflammatory bowel disease who is being treated with corticosteroids. Which information would the nurse provide for the client about the​ medications? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Take medication consistently and do not stop abruptly -Reduce intake of foods high in sodium -It may cause low blood pressure. -Take with food or at mealtimes -Expect weight loss

-Take medication consistently and do not stop abruptly -Reduce intake of foods high in sodium -Take with food or at mealtimes

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with bronchitis and wants to know the function of the bronchi. Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? -The bronchi contain the​ heart, trachea,​ esophagus, and the great vessels. -The bronchi warm and moisten air as it moves through the respiratory tract to the alveoli in the lungs. -The bronchi capture debris and help to sweep the debris toward the mouth for removal when coughing. -The bronchi help to keep the lungs inflated.

-The bronchi warm and moisten air as it moves through the respiratory tract to the alveoli in the lungs.

While conducting an​ assessment, the nurse determines that a client is at risk for developing a DVT. What did the nurse assess to make this​ conclusion? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -The client controls type 2 diabetes mellitus with dietary intake and exercise. -The client experienced a myocardial infarction 2 years ago. -The client has a history of atrial fibrillation. -The client is taking​ over-the-counter medication for arthritis. -The client is being treated for bladder cancer.

-The client experienced a myocardial infarction 2 years ago. -The client has a history of atrial fibrillation. -The client is being treated for bladder cancer.

A nurse is planning care for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD) who presents with intractable nausea and vomiting and epigastric pain. What is an appropriate outcome for this​ client? -The client will maintain adequate fluid volume. -The client will have minimal bleeding. -The client will report pain as 5 or less on standard pain scale. -The client will maintain a urine output of at least 0.1​ mL/kg/hr.

-The client will maintain adequate fluid volume.

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with asthma. Which expected outcome is appropriate for this​ client? -The client will experience​ short-term control of exacerbations. -The client will maintain oxygen saturations at​ 85%. -The client will verbalize triggers for asthma attacks. -The client will explain proper use of the prescribed nebulizer.

-The client will verbalize triggers for asthma attacks.

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. The nurse understands that acute cholecystitis occurs after which opening is obstructed with a​ gallstone? -The common bile duct -The ampulla of Vater -The small intestine -The cystic duct

-The cystic duct

A nurse is describing the pathophysiology of heart failure to a client. Which changes caused by compensatory mechanisms in the development of heart failure should the nurse​ describe? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Increased cardiac output causes the aortic baroreceptors to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. -The kidneys release renin to retain sodium and water in an attempt to maintain cardiac output. -Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the cardiac cells to help delay cardiac decompensation. -Hypertension causes the cardiac muscles to overstretch and cause temporarily increased cardiac output. -The ventricles in the heart remodel and develop hypertrophy because of the chronic increase in fluid volume.

-The kidneys release renin to retain sodium and water in an attempt to maintain cardiac output. -Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the cardiac cells to help delay cardiac decompensation. -Hypertension causes the cardiac muscles to overstretch and cause temporarily increased cardiac output. -The ventricles in the heart remodel and develop hypertrophy because of the chronic increase in fluid volume.

A nurse is caring for a client with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). The client tells the​ nurse, "I don​'t understand why I have pain in the middle of the night. It's like my pain starts 2-3 hours after I​ eat, not right away. Why does this ​happen?" What is the nurse's best​ response? -The food that you ate for dinner likely contained too much​ fat, causing pain. -The food in your stomach takes longer to digest at​ night, which causes pain. -The acid in your stomach is increased at​ night, causing pain. -The pain occurs when your stomach is empty.

-The pain occurs when your stomach is empty.

A client being treated for a leg wound says that it must be improving because of the milky white discharge. What should the nurse explain to the client about the wound​ drainage? -This type of drainage is only seen in healing wounds. -This type of drainage is seen with an infection. -This exudate means blood vessels have been ruptured. -This drainage means you have a mild inflammation.

-This type of drainage is seen with an infection.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic venous insufficiency​ (CVI) who has a past medical history of thrombophlebitis. Why is a client with a history of thrombophlebitis at greater risk for developing​ CVI? -Thrombophlebitis may damage valves of deep veins. -Thrombophlebitis may increase nitric oxide​ concentration, which damages veins. -Thrombophlebitis may alter coagulation that damages deep veins. -Thrombophlebitis may create a toxin that damages veins.

-Thrombophlebitis may damage valves of deep veins.

A client presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant abdominal​ pain, suspicious for cholelithiasis. The client asks the nurse why so many tests are being ordered. The nurse bases the response on which​ rationales? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -To diagnose the disorder -To identify possible complications -To determine the location of gallstones -To prevent recurrence -To determine if gallstones are present

-To diagnose the disorder -To identify possible complications -To determine the location of gallstones -To determine if gallstones are present

What is the purpose of pulmonary function tests when diagnosing​ asthma? -To evaluate​ oxygenation, carbon dioxide​ elimination, and acid-base status -To confirm an asthma diagnosis -To evaluate the degree of airway obstruction -To identify specific allergens if an allergic trigger is suspected

-To evaluate the degree of airway obstruction

A nurse is assessing a client with heart failure. The nurse is concerned the client is experiencing poor tissue perfusion based on which assessment​ findings? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Urinary output is 20​ mL/hr for the past 2 hours. -Level of consciousness is decreasing. -Oxygen saturation is​ 93% on room air. -Capillary refill time is increasing. -Blood pressure is​ 126/72 mmHg.

-Urinary output is 20​ mL/hr for the past 2 hours. -Level of consciousness is decreasing. -Capillary refill time is increasing.

You teach a client with hypertension about lifestyle changes that may help control the disorder. Which dietary changes should you include in the​ teaching? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Limit fat intake to saturated types of fat -Eliminate cholesterol from diet -Use salt substitutes -Switch to​ low-fat dairy products -Eat 4-5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day

-Use salt substitutes -Switch to​ low-fat dairy products -Eat 4-5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day

While conducting a physical​ assessment, the nurse hears an additional heart sound immediately after the second sound. How should the nurse document this assessment​ finding? -Ventricular gallop -Atrial gallop -Diastolic murmur -Friction rub

-Ventricular gallop

What is the most common location of arterial plaque? -Vessel bifurcation -Vessel valves -Femoral artery -Pulmonary artery

-Vessel bifurcation

The nurse educator is teaching a group of students about acute respiratory distress syndrome​ (ARDS). Which etiology is related to infection and is appropriate for the educator to include in the teaching​session? -Near drowning -Burn injury -Viral pneumonia -Lung contusion

-Viral pneumonia

Mrs. Reyes is a​ 53-year-old woman who has just had a cholecystectomy with​ T-tube placement. She is 12 hours postsurgery. She is in​ semi-Fowler position and is NPO with a nasogastric​ (NG) tube in place after surgery. Her​ T-tube is connected to a sterile container. Orders include routine vital signs and pain medications per​ protocol, or as​ tolerated, minimal ice​ chips, and measuring​ T-tube drainage. You are completing a​head-to-toe assessment. Which assessment finding would require notification of the healthcare​ provider? -Small amounts of NG drainage -Pain is reported as being 6 on a​ 10-point scale. -Mrs. Reyes has tolerated ice chips well. -Vomiting after administration of ordered antiemetic

-Vomiting after administration of ordered antiemetic

After reviewing data collected during a cardiovascular​ assessment, the nurse determines that an older client is demonstrating normal signs of aging. Which did the nurse assess to come to this​ conclusion? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Weak popliteal pulses bilaterallyvvvvv -Blood pressure dropping from a sitting to a standing position -Dependent edema of both feet when sitting for several hours -Elevated systolic blood pressure -Heart murmur heard in early diastole

-Weak popliteal pulses bilaterallyvvvvv -Blood pressure dropping from a sitting to a standing position -Dependent edema of both feet when sitting for several hours -Elevated systolic blood pressure

Mrs. Cochran tells​ you, I remember they told me in the ambulance that I was having a​ full-blown asthma​ attack! Later, you review the information in her chart from when she was seen in the emergency department. Which of the following assessment findings documented by the health care provider is LEAST associated with ensuing respiratory​ failure? -Her oxygen saturation level has fallen from​ 89% to​ 74% since arriving in the emergency department. -She was anxious upon​ arrival, but has become increasingly lethargic. -Wheezing has become progressively more audible. -Her cough has become ineffective.

-Wheezing has become progressively more audible.

The nurse is planning the education for a client being prepared for a coronary angiogram. What is appropriate information for the nurse to​ include? (Select all that​ apply.) -Will require the use of radiography -Allows ambulation within an hour of the procedure -Pressure is applied to the insertion site -Can eat after the procedure -Requires the insertion of a catheter

-Will require the use of radiography -Pressure is applied to the insertion site -Can eat after the procedure -Requires the insertion of a catheter

A client who exercises 30 minutes every day and maintains a normal body weight develops primary hypertension. The client asks how this could have happened. Which findings in the​ client's health history will the nurse include in the response to the​ client? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -Working as an air traffic controller -High magnesium intake -Insulin resistance -Family history of hypertension -​Age: 62 years

-Working as an air traffic controller -Insulin resistance -Family history of hypertension -​Age: 62 years

Miss Lopez is a fit and healthy 28-year-old hairdresser who lost her father to emphysema. She has been working in Washington, D.C. for 8 years and has come in for a consultation due to a cough that has lasted several months. Which item is most likely to be a factor in her chronic condition? -Workplace exposure to chemicals -Recent flu vaccine -Lives in rural environment -Early parental death from emphysema

-Workplace exposure to chemicals

Mrs. Clemons, a 65-year-old woman, is being treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which medication classification do you anticipate will be prescribed for this client? -Anticholinergic -Xanthine -Inhaled corticosteroid -Beta agonist

-Xanthine

The health care provider orders benazepril​ (Lotensin) for Mr. Gooding. What teaching should you provide to Mr. Gooding regarding this​ medication? -Take this medication in the morning with breakfast each day. -There are no side effects when taking benazepril​ (Lotensin). -You will need to report any leg swelling or persistent cough to your​ doctor, and change your position slowly to prevent dizziness. -This medication will slow your heart rate. You will need to check your pulse and blood pressure before you take it.

-You will need to report any leg swelling or persistent cough to your​ doctor, and change your position slowly to prevent dizziness.

A nurse is caring for a client who has recently been diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease​ (PUD). The client asks the​ nurse, "My doctor told me I might have bacteria that is causing my ulcers. How will I know if I ​do?" What is the nurse's best​ response? -Your healthcare provider may order a breath test to determine the presence of H. pylori. -Your healthcare provider may order a test to analyze your stomach contents. -Your healthcare provider may order a skin test to determine the presence of H. pylori. -Your healthcare provider may order an​ x-ray with contrast to visualize the H. pylori bacteria.

-Your healthcare provider may order a breath test to determine the presence of H. pylori.

A nurse is planning care for Peter Carroll, a 55-year-old man who was recently diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Peter is hospitalized after several days of nausea and vomiting in addition to complaining of epigastric pain. When planning care for Mr. Carroll, which nursing diagnosis takes priority? -risk for impaired skin integrity -imbalanced​ nutrition: less than body requirements -disturbed sleep pattern -risk of deficient fluid volume

-risk of deficient fluid volume

A home health nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). When educating the client regarding foot and leg​ care, which statements will the nurse​ include? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -​"Buy shoes in the​ morning, when feet are​ largest." -​"When swimming, ensure the water is​ cool, not​ warm." -​"Apply moisturizing cream to feet and legs​ daily." -​"Dry between your toes after​ showering." -​"Avoid using powder on your​ feet."

-​"Apply moisturizing cream to feet and legs​ daily." -​"Dry between your toes after​ showering."

The mother of​ 4-year-old Kerry Washington asks why the nurse is concerned about the​ client's breathing after she was stung by a bee. Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? -​"Bee stings can cause a release of inflammatory substances that can lead to airway​ obstruction." -​"The larynx is in the posterior position in children which can become swollen after a bee​ sting." -​"Children have a longer epiglottis which can become easily obstructed after a bee​ sting." -​"The longer and wider trachea in children can cause excess mucous to accumulate after a bee​ sting."

-​"Bee stings can cause a release of inflammatory substances that can lead to airway​ obstruction."

A​ 58-year-old client who has a strong family history of coronary artery disease asks the​ nurse, "How can I decrease my chances of developing problems with my​ arteries?" Which response by the nurse is​ appropriate? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -​"Diets high in​ fruits, vegetables and unsaturated fatty acids appear to have a protective effect on the​ arteries." -​"As long as your cholesterol is​ normal, your arteries will remain​ clear." -​"You can reduce your risk by making some changes in your lifestyle such as moderate​ exercise." -​"Keeping your blood pressure within normal levels will decrease the risk of injury to your​ arteries." -​"With your age and family​ history, there is little you can do besides take medication to prevent coronary artery​ disease."

-​"Diets high in​ fruits, vegetables and unsaturated fatty acids appear to have a protective effect on the​ arteries." -​"You can reduce your risk by making some changes in your lifestyle such as moderate​ exercise." -​"Keeping your blood pressure within normal levels will decrease the risk of injury to your​ arteries."

A nurse is evaluating teaching for a client who has recently experienced a hypertensive crisis. Which statements by the client indicate understanding of the​ instructions? (Select all that​ apply.) -​"I will exercise 3 days a​ week." -​"I need to restrict my alcohol intake to no more than 20 oz of beer a​ day." -​"I will set a schedule to remind me to take my medications each​ day." -​"I must stop​ smoking." -​"I will increase fruits and vegetables in my​ diet."

-​"I need to restrict my alcohol intake to no more than 20 oz of beer a​ day." -​"I will set a schedule to remind me to take my medications each​ day." -​"I must stop​ smoking." -​"I will increase fruits and vegetables in my​ diet."

The nurse instructs a client with hypercholesterolemia on the medication lovastatin. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been​ effective? -​"I should take this medication at bedtime so I​ won't get​ dizzy." -​"I should not drink any alcohol while taking this​ medication." -​"I should expect to have muscle cramps and pain while taking this​ medication." -​"I need to weigh myself every day while taking this​ medication."

-​"I should not drink any alcohol while taking this​ medication."

The nurse is teaching a client about coronary artery disease. Which responses by the client reflect an understanding of coronary artery​ disease? (Select all that​ apply.) -​"It affects more than 13 million people in the United​ States." -​"Plaque impairs the ability of a vessel to dilate in response to increased oxygen​ demands." -​"The increased levels of​ high-density lipoproteins​ (HDLs) decrease the risk of​ atherosclerosis." -​"Damage to the linings of my arteries can cause clots and​ blockage." -​"It decreases quality of life but does not increase a​ client's risk of​ death."

-​"It affects more than 13 million people in the United​ States." -​"Plaque impairs the ability of a vessel to dilate in response to increased oxygen​ demands." -​"The increased levels of​ high-density lipoproteins​ (HDLs) decrease the risk of​ atherosclerosis." -​"Damage to the linings of my arteries can cause clots and​ blockage."

The nurse is educating a client with COPD about pulmonary exercises. Which statement would the nurse​ include? -​"It is important to rest between exercises to prevent low oxygen levels and​ fatigue." -​"These exercises are more effective if they are done in the​ low-Fowler position." -​"Pulmonary exercises are more effective while oxygen is in​ place." -​"These exercises will only need to be done as​ needed."

-​"It is important to rest between exercises to prevent low oxygen levels and​ fatigue."

The mother of​ 7-year-old Peyton Henderson is upset because the child has not been given any medication for abdominal pain caused by acute appendicitis. Which explanation about the administration of pain medication is most​ appropriate? -​"Pain medication will mask the change in pain if the appendix​ ruptures." -​"Pain from appendicitis is not real and does not need to be​ treated." -​"There is no medication available to reduce the pain caused by​ appendicitis." ​-"Preventing the child from moving the legs will eliminate the abdominal​ pain."

-​"Pain medication will mask the change in pain if the appendix​ ruptures."

A nurse is caring for a client suspected of having a pulmonary embolism. The​ client's health care provider has ordered the client to have a pulmonary angiogram. Which statements will the nurse include in teaching the client about this​ procedure? ​(Select all that​ apply.) ​-"Part of this procedure involves inhaling a gas that measures​ ventilation." -​"Part of this procedure uses radioisotopes to help diagnose pulmonary​ embolism." -​"Part of this procedure involves the placement of an​ IV." -​"Part of this procedure involves contrast injected into the pulmonary​ arteries." -​"Part of this procedure involves the use of​ x-ray."

-​"Part of this procedure involves the placement of an​ IV." -​"Part of this procedure involves contrast injected into the pulmonary​ arteries." -​"Part of this procedure involves the use of​ x-ray."

The nurse educator is teaching a group of students about the respiratory system. Which statement by the student indicates appropriate understanding of the role of the pleural​ membranes? ​-"The pleural membranes contain the​ heart." ​-"The pleural membranes warm and moisten​ air." ​-"The pleural membranes permit gas​ exchange." -​"The pleural membranes help to keep the lungs​ inflated."

-​"The pleural membranes help to keep the lungs​ inflated."

Mrs. Darby is a​ 26-year-old woman who is seeing the healthcare provider because of severe upper right quadrant and right shoulder pain lasting for​ "hours at a​ time." The healthcare provider indicates she believes it might be gallbladder disease but needs to complete some tests. Mrs. Darby​ states, "That​ can't be.​ I'm too young.​ That's a disease of old​ people." What is your best​ response? ​-"It's because you are​ pregnant." -​"There are many risk factors for gallbladder​ disease." -​"Don't worry.​ We'll get to the bottom of​ it." -​"It is. You must be that exception to the​ rule."

-​"There are many risk factors for gallbladder​ disease."

A nurse is caring for Mohammed Hassad, a 34-year-old man who has a 20-pack-year history of smoking and works as an construction worker. Recently, Mohammed has been complaining of hungerlike pain in his upper abdomen that occurs in the middle of the night but seems to subside once he eats. Mr. Hassad's healthcare provider has ordered an upper GI series to aid in diagnosing his condition. What instruction will Mr. Hassad's nurse provide to Mohammed regarding this diagnostic test? -​"This procedure is a type of​ x-ray that uses​ contrast." -​"This procedure is a type of​ biopsy." ​-"This procedure requires​ sedation." ​-"This procedure requires an​ IV."

-​"This procedure is a type of​ x-ray that uses​ contrast."

A nurse is caring for Samuel McMurray, a 68-year-old man with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). Mr. McMurray's past medical history includes diabetes mellitus and hypertension. His current blood pressure is 142/92 and his nurse notes 3+ pedal edema to both of Mr. McMurray's legs. Mr. McMurray's healthcare provider has ordered antihypertensive and immunosuppressive medications, as well as plasmapheresis. Mr. McMurray asks his nurse, "What is plasmapheresis?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate? -​"This therapy removes damaging antibodies from your​ blood." -​"It is a therapy that is done only once to rid your body of harmful​ toxins." ​-"This therapy is also called plasma infusion​ therapy." ​-"This therapy removes the plasma from your​ blood, washes​ it, and tests​ it."

-​"This therapy removes damaging antibodies from your​ blood."

A home health nurse is caring for 60-year-old Nancy Yee, who was discharged from the hospital yesterday after being diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE). In addition to reporting any worsening shortness of breath, what instruction will Nancy's nurse give Nancy? -​"Bruising is common if it happens again in the next​ week." -​"Bloody sputum is common if it happens again in the next​ week." -​"Use a​ soft-bristled toothbrush when brushing your​ teeth." -​"Take aspirin if you develop minor​ pain."

-​"Use a​ soft-bristled toothbrush when brushing your​ teeth."

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a common duct obstruction. The healthcare provider has ordered blood tests to determine if the client has pancreatitis. The client​ asks, "I thought my gallbladder was​ bad, why are we testing for problems with my​ pancreas?" Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? ​-"This is the only way for us to determine if your gallbladder is​ affected." -​"Since you are bleeding internally we need to monitor your hemoglobin and​ hematocrit." -​"Your condition can lead to pancreatitis. That is why we are monitoring your serum amylase and lipase​ levels." -​"The tests will allow us to see if you have​ gallstones."

-​"Your condition can lead to pancreatitis. That is why we are monitoring your serum amylase and lipase​ levels."

The nurse is caring for four clients on the​ medical-surgical unit. Which clients will the nurse recognize as having the greatest risk of deep vein thrombosis​ (DVT) or pulmonary embolism​ (PE)? ​(Select all that​ apply.) -​19-year-old pregnant female with gestational diabetes ​-65-year-old male recovering from an MI ​-55-year-old female scheduled for a hysterectomy -​32-year-old female with an asthma exacerbation. -​24-year-old male in traction device after femur fracture

-​19-year-old pregnant female with gestational diabetes ​-65-year-old male recovering from an MI ​-55-year-old female scheduled for a hysterectomy -​24-year-old male in traction device after femur fracture

You decide to perform and document a fall risk assessment. What factors increase Mrs. Johnson​'s risk for​ falls? Select all that apply. -Being female -​Post-stroke unsteady gait -Warfarin​ (Coumadin) -Previous history of falls -Propranolol​ (Inderal)

-​Post-stroke unsteady gait -Previous history of falls

When caring for a client with heart failure, the nurse will notify the healthcare provider when urine output is less than how many mL/hour? -40 -60 -50 -30

30

Cardiac output is determined by the amount of blood that pumps through the ventricles in what time frame? -15 seconds -30 seconds -45 seconds -60 seconds

60 seconds

What is a normal systolic blood pressure for a​ 4-year-old child? -64 mmHg -104 mmHg -88 mmHg -96 mmHg

88 mmHg

A nurse is planning to present information on primary hypertension at a local community center. Which adult population would the nurse consider as being most likely to​ benefit, based on higher prevalence of primary​ hypertension? -Men of Asian descent -White men -Women of Hispanic descent -African American women

African American women

Syncope

fainting

The results of an abdominal ultrasound were inconclusive for a client experiencing vague right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Which diagnostic test will the nurse prepare the client for at this​ time? -Paracentesis -Upper gastrointestinal study -Myelogram -Abdominal​ x-raysvvv

Abdominal​ x-raysvvv

Mr. George Henry is a​ 70-year-old African American man with a history of hypertension and smoking. He has recently experienced a TIA and is scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy in 2 weeks. In discussing the upcoming surgery with Mr.​ Henry, which explanation would you use to describe the​ procedure? -A carotid endarterectomy shoots pulses of water through the artery to widen the blood vessel. -A carotid endarterectomy reroutes blood flow through cerebral tissue. -A carotid endarterectomy removes atherosclerotic plaque from the carotid arteries. -A carotid endarterectomy uses a stent to enlarge the diameter of the carotid artery.

A carotid endarterectomy removes atherosclerotic plaque from the carotid arteries.

When providing a temporary pacemaker to a patient, you should observe what on the ECG to determine if the pacemaker has capture? -A normal sinus rhythm noted on the monitor -A pacer spike every 3 seconds -A pacer spike followed by a QRS complex -PVC's every three to four beats

A pacer spike followed by a QRS complex

The nurse is educating a client newly diagnosed with hypertension on appropriate dietary choices. Which action by the​ client, regarding dietary​ choices, indicates the need for further​ instruction? -Decreasing fats and oils -Drinking one alcoholic beverage every evening -Consuming​ low-fat milk and dairy products -Adding salt to most foods

Adding salt to most foods

Mae Jones, an 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, is admitted with reports of dyspnea on exertion. When you perform a physical assessment on Ms. Jones, you auscultate S3 and S4 heart sounds over her left sternal border and fine crackles over the bottom half of her lung fields. Her breathing is labored, and her oxygen saturation is 88% while breathing room air. Which intervention would you include for Ms. Jones's nursing plan of care? -Encourage liberal fluid intake. -Administer oxygen as prescribed. -Instruct her to stop taking diuretics. -Give foods high in sodium.

Administer oxygen as prescribed.

Which intervention is appropriate for a client who is having trouble breathing following a​ stroke? -Administer oxygen per order -Actively engage the client in social dialogue during mealtimes -Implement passive range of motion exercises -Provide liquids of the prescribed consistency

Administer oxygen per order

A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client newly diagnosed with heart failure. Which information should the nurse include in this​ teaching? -Restrict sodium intake to 3​ g/day. -Allow rest periods throughout the day. -Eat three large meals daily. -Strenuous exercise is encouraged as manifestations improve.

Allow rest periods throughout the day.

A student nurse is educating a client on the newly prescribed medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which statement made by the student nurse is​ incorrect? -An enzyme replacement will be administered daily by mouth. -​"Steroids are given to help with breathing and to increase exercise​ tolerance." -​"An antibiotic will be given to prevent upper respiratory​ infections." -"You will be given a​ short-acting metered-dose inhaler to open your​ airways."

An enzyme replacement will be administered daily by mouth.

A nurse is caring for​ 28-year-old Samantha​ Martinez, who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Samantha presents to the emergency department complaining of a sudden​ cough, and​ states, "I just​ can't seem to catch my​ breath." Samantha's healthcare provider suspects Samantha has a pulmonary embolism​ (PE). What additional manifestation will​ Samantha's nurse recognize as a manifestation of​ PE? -Flattened neck veins -Widening QRS complex on ECG -Bradycardia -Anxiety

Anxiety

The nurse is planning care for Lillian Greenwald, a 5-year old-client recovering from injuries sustained during a motor vehicle crash. What should the nurse do first? -Assess blood pressure -Change abdominal wound dressing -Provide intramuscular medication -Nasotracheal suction for a sputum culture

Assess blood pressure

A nurse on the rehabilitation unit is providing care for a client who recently experienced a stroke. What intervention would the nurse use to promote mobility for this​ client? -Encourage fluid intake up to​ 2,000 mL per day -Help the client to the bathroom every 2 hours -Assist with range of motion exercises -Administer oxygen per order

Assist with range of motion exercises

While measuring vital​ signs, the nurse discovers that a​ client's radial pulse rate is 70 and irregular. What should the nurse suspect is occurring with this​ client's heart? -Heart muscle fiber tension at the end of diastole is damaged. -Cardiac muscle fibers are losing the ability to shorten. -Cardiac cells in the right atrium are damaged. -The heart is not able to respond to changing demands.

Cardiac cells in the right atrium are damaged.

Akecheta Chapawee, a 78-year-old client from the Sioux tribe, is prescribed the adrenergic antagonist metoprolol for hypertension. What should the nurse teach the client about this medication? -Change positions slowly -Measure weight every day -Avoid alcohol with this medication -Report visual disturbances

Change positions slowly

You notice that your patient monitor is showing asystole; what is your first coarse of action? -Nothing asystole is a normal rhythm -Check the patient -Start CPR -Defibrillation at 200J

Check the patient

Betty Norman is an overweight, 57-year-old woman who works at the local diner and takes frequent smoking breaks. Mrs. Norman comes to the primary care provider for an annual physical examination. On assessment, her blood pressure is 180/96 mmHg. Which diagnostic test do you anticipate will be ordered for Mrs. Norman prior to initiating treatment? -Cholesterol panel -CT scan -Renal function tests -Intravenous pyelogram

Cholesterol panel

You are developing a nursing care plan for Mr. Gooding. Which of the following is the priority nursing​ diagnosis? -Client has ineffective health maintenance. -Client has imbalanced nutrition. -Client has a knowledge deficit. -Client is at risk for noncompliance.

Client has a knowledge deficit.

You are completing pre-procedure teaching on a client scheduled for an emergent angiogram. Which assessment finding is most important to report to the primary care provider? -Client is expressing concern over the impending procedure. -Client had an angiogram 7 years ago. -Client is allergic to shellfish. -Client has eaten within the last 30 minutes.

Client is allergic to shellfish.

A nurse who is working with clients who have had surgery needs to be aware that certain procedures increase the client​'s risk of developing a pulmonary embolism​ (PE). Which client would the nurse recognize as being at highest risk of​ PE? -Client who is postoperative from a renal stent placement -Client who is postoperative from a pneumonectomy -Client who is postoperative from a total hip repair -Client who is postoperative from a bowel resection

Client who is postoperative from a total hip repair

Which medication may be prescribed to prevent a stroke in a client who experiences transient ischemic attacks​ (TIAs)? -Enoxaparin​ (Lovenox) -Warfarin​ (Coumadin) -Docusate sodium​ (Colace) -Clopidogrel​ (Plavix)

Clopidogrel​ (Plavix)

What aspect is not assessed during the physical exam of the nursing assessment of a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD)? -Skin temperature -Capillary refill -Complaints of pain -Vital signs

Complaints of pain

The nurse is caring for a client who is suspected of having a pulmonary embolism​ (PE). Which is the most common manifestation of PE that the nurse will recognize upon​ assessment? -Syncope -Hemoptysis -Cough -Cyanosis

Cough

During a health history​ interview, the nurse is concerned that a client is experiencing signs of a developing DVT. Which information should cause this​ concern? -Total hip replacement 5 years ago -Current calf pain with walking -Osteoarthritis of both wrists -History of hypertension

Current calf pain with walking

Mrs. Corelli is hospitalized for an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which assessment item can the nurse obtain from Mrs.​ Corelli's husband when completing the admission assessment? -Percussion tone -Peripheral pulses -Breath sounds -Current medications

Current medications

Which dietary modification should be implemented for a client with hypertension? -Decreased sodium -Increased saturated fats -Increased alcohol consumption to 2 oz per day -Decreased​ low-fat dairy products

Decreased sodium

What is the most common cause of chronic venous insufficiency​ (CVI)? -Congestive heart failure -Scleroderma -Varicose veins -Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). The nurse notes that the​ client's blood pressure is​ 142/86 mmHg. What additional​ manifestation, unique to​ PVD, will the nurse find upon physical examination of the nursing assessment of this​ client? -Dilated blood vessels in the eye -Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities -Wheezing upon auscultation of the lungsv -Decreased sensation of the upper extremities

Delayed capillary refill in the lower extremities

The QRS complex on an ECG tracing indicates what? -Re-polarization of the Atria -Depolarization of the Ventricles -Re-polarization of the Ventricles -Depolarization of the Atria

Depolarization of the Ventricles

The nurse is assessing a client during a routine​ check-up. The client is concerned that he is at risk for stroke. Which item will the nurse include in the health history to determine the​ client's risk? -Monitor skin integrity -Auscultate breath sounds -Determine a history of smoking -Assess the level of consciousness

Determine a history of smoking

Madge Buccheri, a 65-year-old client with heart disease, is prescribed to have pulse pressure calculations completed every 4 hours. What should the nurse do to make this calculation? -Auscultate the heartbeat for 15 seconds and multiply by 4 -Multiply the stroke volume by the heart rate -Determine the difference between the most recent systolic and diastolic pressures -Divide the stroke volume by the​ end-diastolic volume

Determine the difference between the most recent systolic and diastolic pressures

Which is a risk factor for stroke? -Diabetes mellitus -Insomnia -Hypotension -Training to run a half marathon

Diabetes mellitus

A​ 3-year-old child is admitted in December with severe bronchiolitis. Which question should the nurse include when reviewing the child​'s health history with the​ parents? -When did the child begin to walk without ​help? -How much fluid does the child drink each ​day? -Did the child have an annual influenza ​vaccination? -At what age was the child potty ​trained?

Did the child have an annual influenza ​vaccination?

A nurse is providing care for a client with heart failure. The client has weakened ventricular contractions and deceased cardiac output. The nurse anticipates an order for which medication to improve ​contractility? -Loop diuretics -​Alpha-blockers -Digitalis glycosides -Nitrates

Digitalis glycosides

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with heart failure. Which medication order does the nurse anticipate receiving from the healthcare​ provider? -Benzodiazepine -Diuretic -Proton pump inhibitor -Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Diuretic

A nurse is caring for 72-year-old Selena Delgado, a client who has been admitted with severe claudication secondary to peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Due to the client's manifestations, Selena's healthcare provider has ordered an angiogram procedure. After Selena's healthcare provider has obtained informed consent from Selena, which assessment question will Selena's nurse ask as a priority prior to Selena's angiogram procedure? -Do you have any embedded metal shrapnel or artificial​ implants? -Do you have chronic liver​ problems? -Do you have an allergy to contrast​ dye? -Do you have an allergy to​ barium?

Do you have an allergy to contrast​ dye?

A client is admitted to the emergency department​ (ED) with diagnosis of stroke caused by thrombus that began at least 5 hours earlier. The healthcare provider orders intravenous heparin. The client​'s family member asks the nurse why the healthcare provider did not order a "clot buster" such as tPA. What is the most accurate response by the​ nurse? -Drugs that break up​ clots, such as​ tPA, must be given within 3 hours of symptoms onset because of serious side effects. -Heparin is given initially followed by an infusion of drugs such as tPA to finish breaking up the clot. -Heparin is the best drug on the market to break up clots that are causing stroke. -Heparin is given initially to start breaking up the clot followed by warfarin​ (Coumadin) to prevent further clotting.

Drugs that break up​ clots, such as​ tPA, must be given within 3 hours of symptoms onset because of serious side effects.

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which assessment finding does the nurse expect for this​ client? -Eupnea -Edema -Decreased sputum production -Increased activity tolerance

Edema

A nurse is planning care for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) who is scheduled to have revascularization surgery to improve circulation to the lower extremities. Which independent nursing intervention will the nurse implement to promote client tissue​ perfusion? -Warm lower extremities using heating pad -Elevate lower extremities above the heart -Encourage regular exercise -Administer medication as ordered

Encourage regular exercise

Which asthma attack trigger is characterized by loss of heat or water from the bronchial​ surface? -Emotional stress -Agents in the workplace -Environmental pollutants -Exercise

Exercise

Ms. Fortune has been diagnosed with narrowing of the coronary arteries. What would be the appropriate, conservative initial treatment for this condition? -Exercise 3 times a week for 30 minutes -Eat a diet with a minimum of​ 20% fat -Take statins as prescribed -Cut smoking by half the amount

Exercise 3 times a week for 30 minutes

A nurse is planning care for a client with a pulmonary embolism​ (PE) who is scheduled to have a vena caval filter placed. What independent nursing intervention will the nurse implement to decrease the​client's feelings of​ anxiety? -Administering antianxiety medications as ordered -Placing client away from the​ nurses' station to provide privacy -Discouraging visitors to maintain a therapeutic environment -Explaining all procedures and therapies ordered

Explaining all procedures and therapies ordered

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with coronary artery disease. Which mechanism contributes to a decreased blood flow to the​ client's coronary​ arteries? -Injury to arterial walls from increased arterial pressures -Decreased platelet aggregation -Increased vasodilation of the arteries -Fat and fibrin deposits on the arterial walls

Fat and fibrin deposits on the arterial walls

Where is the stethoscope placed to assess an apical pulse in an adult client? -Fifth intercostal space​ mid-clavicular line -Second intercostal space left sternal border -Second intercostal space right sternal border -Third intercostal space right sternal border

Fifth intercostal space​ mid-clavicular line

A nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) who asks the​ nurse, "Is there anything other than medication to help slow this ​disease?" What is the​ nurse's best​ response? -Aromatherapy has been shown to slow the progression of PVD. -Yoga has been shown to slow the progression of PVD. -Garlic supplements have been shown to slow the progression of PVD. -A diet high in protein has been shown to slow the progression of PVD.

Garlic supplements have been shown to slow the progression of PVD.

A nurse is assessing a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). Which clinical manifestation will the nurse expect to find on​ assessment? -Pallor in lower extremities when in the dependent position -Hairless lower extremities -​Spoon-shaped toenails -Dark red color to extremities when elevated

Hairless lower extremities

How is the concept of perfusion related to the concept of cognition? -Carbon dioxide is retained. -Hypoxemia can affect the mental state. -Perfusion of body tissues is decreased. -Blood flow is altered and cannot meet body needs.

Hypoxemia can affect the mental state.

Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client with hypertension? -Chronic pain -Impaired mobility -Risk for dry eye -Imbalanced nutrition

Imbalanced nutrition

Mrs. Angela Hernandez is a 49-year-old woman who experienced an ischemic stroke in the right anterior cerebral artery. She displays weakness in her left leg and a sensory deficit. Which additional manifestation would you anticipate finding after a stroke at this cerebral location? -Homonymous hemianopia -Inability to make decisions -Problems with gait -Dysphagia

Inability to make decisions

Mrs. Kim, a 58-year-old client, is hospitalized with symptoms of DVT. The latest test results indicate stasis of blood, and the healthcare provider suspects that Mrs. Kim has developed venous thrombi. What other pathological factor should the nurse use to determine whether Mrs. Kim has a DVT? -Increased blood pressure -Increased blood coagulability -Tissue hypoxia -Tissue anoxia

Increased blood coagulability

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client with coronary artery disease. Which mechanism does not contribute to decreased blood flow to the​ client's coronary​ arteries? -Increased platelet aggregation -Fat and fibrin deposits on the arterial walls -Spasms of normal or already narrowed arterial vessels -Increased vasodilation of the arteries

Increased vasodilation of the arteries

A nurse on the rehabilitation unit is planning discharge teaching for a client who is 6 weeks​ post-stroke. The client currently requires some assistance for mobility and is also able to​ self-feed with some assistance. The family plans to take the client home. What would the nurse include in discharge teaching for this client and​ family? -Instruct the family to install grab bars next to the toilet. -Instruct the family members to encourage the client to adhere to the existing family routine. -Tell the client and family the client will return to original level of mobility over the next year. -Tell the client and family that the client should not need to continue the inpatient therapy plan of care.

Instruct the family to install grab bars next to the toilet.

Ms. Wolfe, who has coronary artery disease, is leaving the hospital to go home. Which aspect of home care is most important for her to focus on? -​Follow-up care -Lifestyle changes -Return to normal activity -Safety concerns

Lifestyle changes

Which term is defined as the average pressure in the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle? -Mean arterial pressure -Diastolic blood pressure -Systolic blood pressure -Pulse pressure

Mean arterial pressure

A highly stressed client is newly diagnosed with hypertension. What nonpharmacologic treatment option would best help the client maintain normal blood​ pressure? -Meditation -Competitive sports -​High-potassium diet -Aerobic exercise 3 days a week

Meditation

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a pulmonary embolism​ (PE). The nurse notes that the client has jugular vein distention​ (JVD). Which independent nursing intervention will help maintain the​ client's cardiac output​ (CO)? -Administering vasoactive medications to improve CO as ordered -Monitoring for left heart failure -Assessing for such normal findings as S3 heart tone -Monitoring cardiac rhythm

Monitoring cardiac rhythm

The school nurse teaches a group of daycare teachers on the manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which teacher​'s statement indicates that additional instruction is​ required? -Vomiting and diarrhea need to be investigated. -Rapid breathing is not normal and needs to be checked out. -Most babies are irritable when they miss their mothers. -I have to report any child that has a change in eating pattern.

Most babies are irritable when they miss their mothers.

Mrs. Bertha Marcowitz is preparing to go home following her recent stroke. The nurse is evaluating the nursing plan of care to determine if Mrs. Marcowitz has accomplished her goals. Which behavior demonstrated by Mrs. Marcowitz would indicate accomplishment of her nursing care plan goals? -Mrs. Marcowitz has experienced minimal complications from reduced mobility and dysphagia. -Mrs. Marcowitz is participating in her range of motion exercises each day. -Mrs. Marcowitz is sipping water with her meals to help her swallow. -Mrs.​ Marcowitz's family is at her bedside​ daily, crying and asking if Mrs. Marcowitz will be okay.

Mrs. Marcowitz has experienced minimal complications from reduced mobility and dysphagia.

A client was recently diagnosed with acute heart failure. The nurse anticipates that which cardiac disorder led to this ​diagnosis? -Cardiomyopathy -Coronary heart disease -Valvular disease -Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction

The client with a history of atherosclerosis has chest pain that is unrelated to​ activity, unpredictable, and often occurs while at rest. The client reports the pain has been becoming more frequent and​ severe, rating the current pain as 9 on a scale of 1 to 10. You recognize that the client is at severe risk of which​ disorder? -Myocardial infarction -Stable angina -Prinzmetal angina -Coronary artery disease

Myocardial infarction

A nurse is caring for a client with pulmonary embolism​ (PE) who presented to the emergency department complaining of cough and shortness of breath. The nurse is reviewing the​ client's recent electrocardiogram​ (ECG). Which finding is consistent with​ PE? -Nonspecific​ T-wave changes -Atrial fibrillation​ (A-fib) -Premature ventricular contractions​ (PVCs) -Bradycardia

Nonspecific​ T-wave changes

While assessing peripheral pulses in a​ 2-week-old infant, the nurse is unable to palpate the radial and pedal pulses. What action should the nurse​ take? -Prepare the infant for emergency cardiac catheterization -Notify the health care provider immediately -Insert a venous access device for intravenous cardiac medications -Nothing because this is a normal finding

Nothing because this is a normal finding

Six-year-old Kerry Teng has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis. What will the nurse include when assessing ​Kerry? -Observe for labored respirations -Observe for signs of obstruction -Assess for seizures -Monitor closely for lengthening of paroxysms

Observe for labored respirations

A nurse is providing care for a client with pulmonary edema subsequent to heart failure. Which finding indicates that the interventions implemented have resolved the gas exchange​ problem? -​Client's respirations are 26​ breaths/min with intercostal retractions. -Oxygen saturation is​ 94% with oxygen supplementation. -Lung sounds indicate bilateral crackles and a cough productive of​ frothy, pink sputum. -Client is restless and sitting upright to breathe.

Oxygen saturation is​ 94% with oxygen supplementation.

Which is a preventive measure for bronchiolitis? -Immunization -Palivizumab -Antibiotic therapy -Sputum culture

Palivizumab

Which pharmacologic therapy is used to decrease blood viscosity and improve red blood cell​ (RBC) flexibility in clients with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD)? -Aspirin -Clopidogrel​ (Plavix) -Pentoxifylline​ (Trental) -Cilostazol​ (Pletal)

Pentoxifylline​ (Trental)

By spending more time discussing Mrs. Johnson​'s relationship with her​ husband, you are able to eliminate domestic violence as a concern. Although the results of her assessment for orthostatic hypotension indicate she may be experiencing adverse effects from the propranolol​ (Inderal), you also want to determine if Mrs. Johnson​'s clotting time is above her target range. You make a note to ask her health care provider to order the relevant lab test. The test results combined with your documentation of today​'s visit should provide Mrs. Johnson​'s health care provider with sufficient information for her medication review. Because Mrs. Johnson will need to go to the clinic to have her blood​ drawn, you let her know that she can schedule that testing to coincide with attending a​ post-stroke self-help group. She is delighted to know about that social opportunity. What is a central belief of​ self-help groups? -A​ self-help group has the same purpose and process as a therapy group. -A​ twelve-step approach is used by participants in all​ self-help groups. -Members of​ self-help groups undergo extensive selection​ interviews, prior to attendance. -People who have particular social or health problems understand each other in a special way.

People who have particular social or health problems understand each other in a special way.

The nurse is explaining the phases of cardiac rehabilitation to a client being prepared for discharge. What is a goal of phase 1 for the​ client? -Performs own bathing routine -Increases exercise at home -Improves psychosocial status -Decreases anxiety

Performs own bathing routine

You are reviewing Mrs. Cochrans discharge instructions. She​ asks, So which of these drugs is the one that I should use if Im having an asthma​ attack? Which is the appropriate medication to use only during an asthma​ attack? -Budesenide​ (Pulmicort) -Montelukast​ (Singulair) -Theophylline​ (Theo-Dur) -Pirbuterol​ (Maxair)

Pirbuterol​ (Maxair)

The nurse suspects that Herbert Johnson, a 68-year-old African-American client with heart disease, is experiencing problems with the transport of respiratory gases to the tissues. Which action should the nurse take to help Mr. Johnson? -Place in​ high-Fowler position and coach to take deep breaths -Assess pain level using a pain scale and measure blood pressure -Maintain on bed rest and assess jugular vein distention -Observe pupils and level of consciousness

Place in​ high-Fowler position and coach to take deep breaths

A nurse is planning care for a client with a pulmonary embolism​ (PE) who is hospitalized and requires supplemental oxygen in order to maintain adequate oxygenation. What independent nursing intervention will the nurse implement to help the​ client's condition? -Place the​ client's lower extremities in the dependent position -Place the client in the supine position -Encourage frequent​ range-of-motion (ROM) activities -Elevate the​ client's lower extremities

Place the​ client's lower extremities in the dependent position

The nurse is planning a presentation about hypertension during a community health fair. Which modifiable risk factor will the nurse include in the​ presentation? -Potassium intake -Gender -Age -Race

Potassium intake

Ms. Gordon has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is experiencing respiratory difficulty. What should the nurse teach Ms.Gordon about managing symptoms of COPD? -Decrease fluid intake -Practice pulmonary hygiene -Use suppressants for the chronic cough -Open windows to allow fresh air into the home

Practice pulmonary hygiene

A client is visiting the outpatient clinic because of an increase in blood pressure despite taking diuretics as prescribed. What treatment changes would the health care provider​ prescribe? -Recommend nonpharmacologic methods of blood pressure reduction -Suggest a​ low-sodium diet -Change the diuretics to another antihypertensive -Prescribe another antihypertensive in addition to the diuretics

Prescribe another antihypertensive in addition to the diuretics

The nurse is obtaining the health history of a client who complains of dyspnea. Which would indicate a possible diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD)? -Previous diagnosis of chronic bronchitis -No history of dyspnea -Yearly respiratory infections in the winter -Absent history of cigarette smoking

Previous diagnosis of chronic bronchitis

Mrs. Batista has come to her doctor to get help for a headache in the back of her head and neck that presents every morning when she wakes and subsides during the day. She says she is waking up more often in the middle of the night to go to the bathroom, and she reports that sometimes during the day, she has visual disturbances. In your physical examination of Mrs. Batista, you find that her blood pressure is elevated. Which of the following conditions is Mrs. Batista most likely to have? -Primary hypertension -Pheochromocytoma -Secondary hypertension -Hypertensive crisis

Primary hypertension

Max Katzer, a 57-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease, is admitted to the hospital with systolic heart failure. During your shift, Mr. Katzer suddenly starts to report shortness of breath and he coughs up pink, frothy sputum. Upon physical examination, you notice that his breathing is labored and that his respiratory rate is 38 breaths/min. Upon auscultating his chest, you hear fine crackles and faint wheezes over all of his lung fields. Which finding explains Mr. Katzer's physical assessment findings? -Decreased pulmonary hydrostatic pressure -Pulmonary edema -Increased myocardial contractility -Hepatic engorgement

Pulmonary edema

The mother of a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) is upset to learn that the child will be admitted to a​ semi-private room. Which explanation by the nurse is the most appropriate regarding this room​ assignment? -The children will have companionship when the parents are not able to visit. -RSV is not contagious so the roommate will not contract the illness. -The nurse can provide care to both children at the same time. -RSV is​ contagious, however placing two children with the same illness is permissible.

RSV is​ contagious, however placing two children with the same illness is permissible.

Which is an intervention for imbalanced nutrition because of overweight or obesity in clients with primary or secondary hypertension? -Refer to a dietitian for meal plans -Monitor for peripheral edema -Administer medications per order -Monitor diagnostic test results

Refer to a dietitian for meal plans

A patient you are caring for has been diagnosed with a STEMI; what does STEMI stand for? -SubTerminal Erythrocytosis with Massive Irregularities -ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction -Sinus Tachycardia with Endocarditis and Mitral Insufficiency -Stable Tachycardia and Erratic Myocardial Insufficiency

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

A​ 14-month-old child is admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of severe bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this​ client? -Dopamine -Atropine -Ribavirin -Aminophylline

Ribavirin

Which diagnostic test used in the collaborative treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) uses blood pressure cuffs and a Doppler device to compare blood pressures (BP) of the upper and lower extremities? -Stress test -Angiography -Duplex Doppler ultrasound -Segmental pressure measurements

Segmental pressure measurements

What risk factor for domestic violence applies to Mrs. Johnson​'s ​situation? -Unemployment -Socioeconomic status -Age -Relationship status

Socioeconomic status

As the nurse caring for Mr.​ Gooding, you obtain his vital​ signs: T 98.8​°​F, P 88​ bpm, R​ 22/min, and BP​ 145/98 mm/Hg​ (right arm). As you perform your​ assessment, he​ says, I have been very stressed at my new​ job, and as a result my blood pressure has been running a little high lately. You nod in agreement and empathize with him on how tough job assignments can be.In which category does Mr. Goodings blood pressure​ fall? -Normal -Stage II hypertension -Prehypertension -Stage I hypertension

Stage I hypertension

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of atherosclerosis. The client has chest pain that occurs with physical exertion or stress and is relieved with sublingual nitroglycerin. The nurse recognizes that the client is most likely experiencing which​ disorder? -Myocardial infarction -Acute coronary syndrome -Prinzmetal angina -Stable angina

Stable angina

You expect what client reaction during a coronary artery spasm? -Sudden onset of acute chest pain -Gradual increase in systolic blood pressure -Acute reduction in level of consciousness -Gradual increase in peripheral edema

Sudden onset of acute chest pain

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of angina. Which assessment findings would support the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction​ (MI)? -Pain at rest -Sudden onset of burning chest pain -Pain radiating to the left arm -Substernal chest pain

Sudden onset of burning chest pain

A client reports​ weakness, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance. Based on the reported​symptoms, the nurse anticipates that the healthcare provider will diagnose the client as having which classification of heart​ failure? ​-Left-sided -Systolic -Diastolic -​Right-sided

Systolic

A client is seen in the emergency department​ (ED) for manifestations of stroke that resolved soon after the client entered the ED. The client was diagnosed with a transient ischemic attack​ (TIA). The client asks the nurse in the ED what TIA means. What is the most accurate response by the​ nurse? -​"TIA can be a warning sign of an impending larger​ stroke." -​"TIA causes brain cells to die and leaves a small cavity in the brain​ tissue." -​"TIAs usually involve one large artery in the brain prior to​ stroke." -​"TIAs are caused by blood clots that break off from larger clots in the​ body."

TIA can be a warning sign of an impending larger​ stroke."

The home care nurse is evaluating the care provided to an​ 18-month-old child recovering at home from bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV). Which observation indicates that the parents have provided adequate​ care? -The child becomes drowsy while eating lunch -The child has a faint wheeze upon auscultation -The child​'s oxygen saturation is​ 98% on room air -The child has moderate nasal flaring with respirations

The child​'s oxygen saturation is​ 98% on room air

A nurse is providing care for a client with newly diagnosed stroke caused by thrombus. The nurse is explaining the steps for ischemic cascade to the client and the​ client's family. Which step should the nurse include as the first step of this​ process? -The blood supply is cut off to part of the brain. -The damaged cells release chemicals that affect other cells around the damaged part of the brain. -The cell membranes allow water to enter the​ cell, which causes damage to the cells. -Leukocytes​ (white blood​ cells) enter the area of​ damage, causing more damage to the brain.

The blood supply is cut off to part of the brain.

During a home​ visit, the nurse evaluates care provided to a client recovering from a DVT. Which observation indicates that additional teaching is​ required? -The client is sitting with the legs elevated. -The client frequently changes position. -The client is taking warfarin as prescribed. -The client has removed the antiembolism stockings.

The client has removed the antiembolism stockings.

Before receiving the morning​ report, the nurse makes rounds on assigned clients. At the bedside of one​ client, the nurse notes an ampule of vitamin K. What should the presence of this medication indicate to the​ nurse? -The client is receiving warfarin. -The client is receiving intravenous heparin. -The client is receiving​ low-molecular-weight heparin injections. -The client is receiving​ high-dose aspirin therapy.

The client is receiving warfarin.

The nurse is planning care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). Which goal is appropriate for this​ client? -The client will develop only two respiratory infections per year. -The client will stop smoking. -The client will maintain oxygen saturations of greater than​ 98%. -The client will demonstrate appropriate breathing techniques.

The client will demonstrate appropriate breathing techniques.

The nurse is reviewing assigned clients to determine which are at risk for developing a DVT. Which client should the nurse identify as a candidate for DVT preventive​ therapy? -The client with elevated cholesterol levels -The client with a history of diabetes mellitus -The client with a recently fractured femur -The client with a history of hypertension

The client with a recently fractured femur

A nurse is caring for a client who will undergo an endarterectomy due to severe peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD). When reviewing this procedure with the​ client, which statement will the nurse​ include? -This is considered a nonsurgical procedure that treats your occluded vessel. -This procedure​ re-routes blood flow around your occluded vessel. -The plaque from your occluded vessel will be surgically removed. -The plaque from your occluded vessel will be removed by heat.

The plaque from your occluded vessel will be surgically removed.

The nurse is teaching the client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). What should the nurse include when teaching about pulmonary​ hygiene? -The "huff" coughing technique -The importance of using air filters -The importance of​ cough, vibration,​ percussion, and postural drainage -The use of the tripod position to facilitate respirations during distress

The importance of​ cough, vibration,​ percussion, and postural drainage

In anticipating the use of the tPA alteplase during or after the stroke, which condition must be present? -The stroke must be hemorrhagic in nature. -Atherosclerotic buildup in affected arteries must be greater than​ 90%. -The stroke must have occurred within 3 hours of administering the medication. -Aspirin therapy must have been received for 6 months for tPA to be effective.

The stroke must have occurred within 3 hours of administering the medication.

The mother of a​ 2-year-old child with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus​ (RSV) asks why the child has been coughing so much. Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? -The bacterial infection forces white blood cells to move into the lungs which are removed by coughing. -The virus causes body fluids to move into the​ lungs, which the body coughs to try to remove. -The bacterial infection irritates the lining of the bronchial tubes and stimulates the cough reflex. -The virus causes cellular debris that creates large amounts of mucus that stimulate the cough reflex.

The virus causes cellular debris that creates large amounts of mucus that stimulate the cough reflex.

Mr. Gooding asks​ you, Now more than ever I really need to crack down on my health. With my wife having our first child in two​ months, I need to get my pressure under control. What can I do to decrease my blood​ pressure? What is your best response to Mr.​ Gooding? -You are obese and you need to lose weight quickly. -You need to stop eating fast food for lunch. -You need to exercise at least three times per week. -There are a number of​ factors, such as​ diet, exercise,​ stress, and​ smoking, that can increase your blood pressure.

There are a number of​ factors, such as​ diet, exercise,​ stress, and​ smoking, that can increase your blood pressure.

The nurse is reviewing the results of a​ client's electrocardiogram and notes changes in the QRS complex. What should this finding indicate to the​ nurse? -There is damage to the heart muscle. -There is a problem with the cardiac ventricles. -The impulse from the sinoatrial node is delayed. -There is a problem with the cardiac atria.

There is a problem with the cardiac ventricles.

Which supplement that may be prescribed to a client with heart failure will convert carbohydrates into glucose and metabolize fats and protein? -Coenzyme Q10 -Vitamin D3 -Magnesium -Thiamin

Thiamin

Why are corticosteroids prescribed to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD)? -To reduce the rate of airflow decline -As a recovery medication -To prophylactically treat infection -To reduce symptoms

To reduce symptoms

Benny Spencer, a 57-year-old man, arrives in the emergency department reporting persistent chest pain for the last 48 hours. The chest pain is rated as a 7 on a 1-10 scale, and it radiates up the client's neck. What lab values will be the most important for the nurse to monitor? -CBC and CPK -​Troponin, CPK, and​ Ck-MB -​BMP, CPK, and troponin ​-PTT, CBC, and​ Ck-MB

Troponin, CPK, and​ Ck-MB

Four-year-old Grayson Mills has just been diagnosed with a mild case of bronchiolitis. What action should the nurse take to help Grayson at this time? -Use an inhaled bronchodilator as prescribed -Administer palivizumab as prescribed -Administer ribavirin as prescribed -Use a humidifier to cool the air

Use a humidifier to cool the air

After a stroke, a client may experience impairment in verbal communication. Which intervention would address this area of rehabilitation? -Speak to the​ client's family instead of the client -Use computerized talking boards -Increase the volume of voice when speaking to the client -Stand 12 to 18 inches away from the client when speaking

Use computerized talking boards

A client who has recently had a stroke is having difficulty with verbal communication. Part of the​ client's speech is​ garbled, and other words are not appropriate. Which intervention would the nurse use in the care of this​ client? -Use flash cards -Use long and complex sentences when speaking to the client -Encourage quick responses from the client -Consult the​ client's family to discuss the​ client's needs

Use flash cards

You are developing a plan of care for a client with coronary artery disease. Which pharmacological treatment would help increase blood flow to the​ client's coronary​ arteries? -Discontinue the use of daily ibuprofen -Use an analgesic to control chest pain -Discontinue the use of statins -Use of salicylic acid daily

Use of salicylic acid daily

When placing a patient on a standard three lead ECG, where are the leads placed? -White to Right Shoulder, Red to Left Shoulder and Black to Left Upper Abdominal Area -Red to Right Shoulder, Black to Left Shoulder and White to Left Upper Abdominal Area -White to Right Shoulder, Black to Left Shoulder and Red to Left Upper Abdominal Area -Black to Right Shoulder, White to Left Shoulder and Red to Left Upper Abdominal Area

White to Right Shoulder, Black to Left Shoulder and Red to Left Upper Abdominal Area

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

The nurse is providing care to a client recovering from a transient ischemic attack​ (TIA). Which medication order would the nurse question for this​ client? -Plavix -Aspirin -Ticlid -tPA

tPA

An older adult hospitalized for several days with dyspnea is diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD). The client asks the nurse to explain the condition. Which information would the nurse​ include? -​"COPD is not curable and will affect the client in later​ years." -​"COPD is an inflammation of the​ bronchi." -​"COPD is caused by​ bacteria, viruses,​ fungi, protozoa, and other microbes that destroy the lung​ tissue." -​"COPD is shortness of air that is caused by aspiration of gastric contents and inhalation of toxic or irritating​ gases."

​"COPD is not curable and will affect the client in later​ years."

A client is scheduled for a duplex venous ultrasonography to assist in the diagnosis of a DVT. What should the nurse instruct the client about this diagnostic​ test? -​"Duplex venous ultrasonography removes thrombi to improve venous circulation and prevent pulmonary embolism or​ gangrene." -​"Duplex venous ultrasonography uses an injected contrast medium to assess venous​ thrombosis." ​-"Duplex venous ultrasonography measures changes in blood flow through the​ veins." -​"Duplex venous ultrasonography passes a balloon catheter through the​ skin, into the​ vessel, and through the vessel to the site of the​ lesion."

​"Duplex venous ultrasonography measures changes in blood flow through the​ veins."

Mrs. Tate has a cough that is producing thick, tenacious mucus. She is a cigarette smoker who has smoked 1 pack a day for the past 30 years. What question could you ask Mrs. Tate to help determine whether she has chronic bronchitis? -​"Have you had the flu at any time in the past 2​ years?" -​"Have you had difficulty breathing at any time in the past​ year?" -​"Have you had a dry cough that lasted 3 or more months in the past​ year?" -​"Have you had a productive cough that lasted 3 or more months in the past 2​ years?"

​"Have you had a productive cough that lasted 3 or more months in the past 2​ years?"

You are providing postprocedure instructions to the client who requires an emergent angiogram. What client statement indicates the need for further instruction? -​"I will be able to return to full duty at work within 24​ hours." -​"I will need to lie still for up to 8 hours after the​ procedure." -​"I will need to use the call light when I need toileting​ assistance." -​"I will need to let you know if there is moisture under me after the​ procedure."

​"I will be able to return to full duty at work within 24​ hours."

The nurse is providing instruction to a client about possible complications of hypertension. Which​ statement, if made by the​ client, indicates a need for further​ instruction? -​"Hypertension can cause an increased pressure in the blood vessels in my brain and increases my risk for a​ stroke." ​-"High blood pressure makes my heart work harder to pump blood to my​ body." -​"Going to the bathroom more often at night may mean my blood pressure is not under good​ control." -​"I will feel the difference if my blood pressure goes up too​ much."

​"I will feel the difference if my blood pressure goes up too​ much."

The nurse is teaching a​ 25-year-old female client who is taking oral contraceptives. Which instruction should the nurse include to minimize the risk for developing a​ DVT? -​"Avoid high-sodium​ foods." -​"Consume a​ low-fat diet." -​"Decrease your alcohol​ consumption." ​-"Include periods of activity when​ traveling."

​"Include periods of activity when​ traveling."

A home health nurse is caring for 62-year-old Allen Montgomery, a client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Allen has a venous stasis ulcer to the right medial lateral ankle and requires daily wound care. Allen tells the nurse, "I want to stay active but I am having a hard time getting motivated because every time I try to exercise, my legs hurt." What is the best response from the nurse? -​"It is best to maintain activity with your condition. You should continue activity if you have pain to increase your​ endurance." -​"It is best to rest with your condition. Once the peripheral vascular disease is​ treated, then you can start a moderate exercise​ program." -​"It is best to rest with your condition. You will always have pain with activity and you should avoid activity as much as​ possible." -​"It is best to maintain activity with your​ condition, but make sure to rest if you develop pain during​ activity."

​"It is best to maintain activity with your​ condition, but make sure to rest if you develop pain during​ activity."

The nurse provides teaching to the parents of a child with bronchiolitis about care needed at home. Which statement by the parents indicates instructions have been​ effective? -​"It is important to give our child extra​ fluids." -​"We will provide extra stimulation for our​ child." -​"We will administer the prescribed amoxicillin 1 hour before​ meals." -​"We should stop the antibiotics once the bronchiolitis symptoms go​ away."

​"It is important to give our child extra​ fluids."

Samuel Lewis, an 84-year-old client, is admitted for testing to rule out a DVT. While the nurse prepares an injection of low-molecular-weight heparin, Mr. Lewis asks why he needs injections in his stomach if the problem is in his leg. How should the nurse respond? -​"Low-molecular weight heparin prevents blood clots from forming in your leg but must be given in your​ stomach." -​"Didn't your doctor tell you that you need to take these shots in your stomach for the rest of your​ life?" -​"This medication dissolves any clots in your legs but must be given in your​ stomach." -​"People over the age of 80 should be receiving this medication in their stomach so that blood​ doesn't pool in the​ legs."

​"Low-molecular weight heparin prevents blood clots from forming in your leg but must be given in your​ stomach."

The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client prescribed warfarin​ (Coumadin) for a DVT. What should the nurse include in this​ teaching? -​"Take the warfarin at bedtime each​ day." -​"Notify the healthcare provider of bleeding or​ bruising." -​"Use a​ hard-bristled toothbrush." -​"Omit warfarin on the days when laboratory tests are​ ordered."

​"Notify the healthcare provider of bleeding or​ bruising."

Janice​ Jaworski, a​ 50-year-old client, is being discharged after treatment for a DVT. Ms. Jaworski is a freelance writer and spends prolonged periods of time working at a computer. What instruction should the nurse provide to Ms. Jaworski to reduce the risk of future DVT​ development? -​"Take frequent breaks to prevent sitting for prolonged periods of time at the​ computer." -​​"It is best to stand and wear​ tight-fitting hose when​ working." -​"Sitting is permitted as long as the legs are not​ crossed." -​"Standing is preferred over​ sitting, so think about altering your work​ environment."

​"Take frequent breaks to prevent sitting for prolonged periods of time at the​ computer."

The parents of a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis ask the nurse how the disorder is treated. Which response by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? -​"The focus is on managing symptoms and providing supportive​ care." -​"A medication called dexamethasone always produces​ improvement." -​"An inhaler will be used and the symptoms will be gone in about 24​ hours." -​"Antibiotics will be given for a period of 10​ days."

​"The focus is on managing symptoms and providing supportive​ care."

A nurse on the medical-surgical unit is providing care for a client scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. The client asks the nurse how carotid endarterectomy will help blood supply to the brain. What is the best response by the​ nurse? -​"The healthcare provider will establish a bypass around the plaque buildup in your carotid​ artery." -​"The healthcare provider will remove plaque from your carotid​ artery, and this will improve perfusion to the​ brain." -​"The healthcare provider will remove the clot in your carotid artery either manually or by​ suctioning." -​"The healthcare provider will insert a balloon into your carotid artery to make it wider and place a​ stent."

​"The healthcare provider will remove plaque from your carotid​ artery, and this will improve perfusion to the​ brain."

A nurse is caring for 65-year-old Nathan Robertson, who has recently been diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. During the nursing assessment, Mr. Robertson tells the nurse, "My legs burn when I am relaxing on the couch. I can't seem to find a comfortable position when I want to wind down." What is the nurse's best response to Nathan's concern? -​"The pain​ you're referring to is called intermittent claudication. Is it usually worse with​ activity?" -​"The pain​ you're referring to is called intermittent claudication. Does it improve with​ movement?" -​"The pain​ you're referring to is called rest pain. Does it improve when you hang your legs off the​ bed?" -​"The pain​ you're referring to is called rest pain. Does it improve if you elevate your legs above your​ heart?"

​"The pain​ you're referring to is called rest pain. Does it improve when you hang your legs off the​ bed?"

A nurse is caring for a client with a pulmonary embolism​ (PE) who is scheduled to have a lung scan​ (V/Q scan). When teaching the client about this​ procedure, which statement will the nurse​ include? -​"This is a blood test that scans the blood for an​ embolism." -​"This is the primary diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism​ (PE)." -​"This is a nuclear medicine procedure that uses radioisotopes to visualize an​ embolism." -​"This procedure involves injection of IV contrast to visualize the​ embolism."

​"This is a nuclear medicine procedure that uses radioisotopes to visualize an​ embolism."

A nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) who presents to the primary care clinic complaining of a burning pain in the​ legs, which occurs at night in bed. What is the best response from the​ nurse? ​-"This is known as rest pain. Elevating your legs may help your​ pain." -​"This is known as rest pain. Dangling your legs off your bed may help your​ pain." -​"This is known as intermittent claudication. Wearing compression socks to bed may help your​ pain." -​"This known as intermittent claudication. Elevating your legs may help your​ pain."

​"This is known as rest pain. Dangling your legs off your bed may help your​ pain."

A nurse is caring for a client with peripheral vascular disease​ (PVD) who complains of intermittent​ claudication, decreased exercise​ tolerance, and occasional pain in the lower extremities at rest. The​ client's healthcare provider has prescribed cilostazol​ (Pletal) for the collaborative treatment of the​ client's condition. Which statement will the nurse include in the client teaching about this​ medication? -​"This medication is used to improve blood flow to your​ legs, decreasing incidence of cramping pain in your​ legs." -​"This medication is used to increase your energy so that you can exercise more​ efficiently." -​"This medication is used to decrease your risk of developing a blood​ clot." -"This medication is used to increase flexibility of red blood​ cells, improving your condition.

​"This medication is used to improve blood flow to your​ legs, decreasing incidence of cramping pain in your​ legs."

The nurse is evaluating teaching provided to a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which client statement indicates that teaching has been​ effective? -​"High blood pressure is the leading cause of disability in the United​ States." -​"Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause a heart attack or a​ stroke." -​"High blood pressure is the leading cause of death in the United​ States." -​"Half of the people with high blood pressure die within 5 years of​ diagnosis."

​"Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause a heart attack or a​ stroke."

Barry Marks, a 56-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease, is admitted with reports of dyspnea and fatigue. Upon physical examination, you auscultate crackles halfway up Mr. Marks's lung fields. An echocardiogram reveals reduced cardiac output. Which response should you provide to Mr. Marks when he asks you to explain why a heart problem makes it is hard for him to breathe? -​"The right side of your heart is too weak to pump blood​ effectively, so the blood is backing up and congesting your​ lungs." -​"Your heart is too weak to pump blood​ effectively, so the blood is backing up and congesting your​ lungs." -​"The right side of your heart is too weak to pump enough blood to your​ lungs." -​"The right ventricle of your heart is not pumping​ properly."

​"Your heart is too weak to pump blood​ effectively, so the blood is backing up and congesting your​ lungs."

Ms. Atchison is a​ 50-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with gallstones. She is preparing to have laboratory and diagnostic testing done. The healthcare provider explained the need for testing. She is scheduled for an​ ultrasound, complete blood​ count, and serum bilirubin. She asks why she is having an ultrasound instead of an​ x-ray. She is concerned that insurance will not cover it. What is your best​ response? ​-"Do you want us to cancel​ it" It really​ isn't necessary." ​-"An x-ray just shows the presence of​ gallstones, but an ultrasound also shows if the gallbladder is​ emptying." ​-"An x-ray is not indicated in your​ case, so it​ wouldn't be covered by​ insurance." ​-"The ultrasound will also show if you have​ pancreatitis."

​-"An x-ray just shows the presence of​ gallstones, but an ultrasound also shows if the gallbladder is​ emptying."

Five-year-old Michael Smith has been diagnosed with asthma and is being discharged after a brief hospitalization. Which statement by the nurse is not appropriate to include in the discharge teaching? -​"Michael should stay inside during sudden changes in​ temperature." ​-"Pursue allergy testing with an allergy​ specialist." ​-"Buy detergents and soaps that are free of perfumes and​ dyes." ​-"Caregivers who smoke should always step outside of the house to​ smoke."

​-"Caregivers who smoke should always step outside of the house to​ smoke."

The nurse is assessing an adult client with a cough. A positive answer to which question about the cough would require further evaluation and questioning of this​ client ​-"Do you cough up clear sputum and how​ often?" ​-"Do you cough up blood and how​ often?" ​-"Do you have clear drainage from the​ nose?" ​-"Are you experiencing a dry​ cough?"

​-"Do you cough up blood and how​ often?"

You are caring for Mr. Jones, who has been diagnosed with ARDS. You need to place him into a prone position, and he asks you why this is necessary. What is your best response to Mr. Jones when explaining the reason for prone positioning? -​"You will be more comfortable in the prone​ position." ​-"Prone positioning helps to prevent​ thrombophlebitis." ​-"Prone positioning helps to improve​ oxygenation." ​-"Prone positioning helps to avoid fluid​ imbalances."

​-"Prone positioning helps to improve​ oxygenation."

An older client with a ruptured appendix and peritonitis wants to know why the abdomen is swollen. Which explanation by the nurse is the most​ appropriate? ​-"This health problem causes chronic​ constipation." ​-"I really don​'t know but I​'ll ask your doctor to explain it to​ you." ​-"All of the fluids that you are ingesting are leaking into the abdominal​ area." ​-"The contents of the appendix are causing inflammation of the abdominal​ cavity."

​-"The contents of the appendix are causing inflammation of the abdominal​ cavity."

You are teaching Mr. Chen, a 25-year-old man, to use a peak flow meter to monitor his asthma. Mr. Chen's healthcare provider has told him to take readings using the peak flow meter, throughout the day and over several weeks, to establish his normal flow readings. Mr. Chen tells you he has a busy schedule and asks you why it is necessary to take readings so often. What is your best response when explaining to Mr. Chen why he has to use the peak flow meter on the schedule his healthcare provider has prescribed? ​-"The readings will be used to evaluate which medication to use to treat your​ asthma." ​-"The readings will be used to evaluate the severity of future airway​ obstruction." ​-"The readings will be used to determine whether your asthma can be​ cured." ​-"The readings will be used to determine the cause of your​ asthma."

​-"The readings will be used to evaluate the severity of future airway​ obstruction."

Mr. Johnson leaves to go bowling with a men​'s group from the church. This gives you an opportunity to explore whether or not Mrs. Johnson is on the receiving end of domestic violence. Which questions are appropriate to ask Mrs.​ Johnson? Select all that apply. ​-"Is your husband abusing​ you? ​-"What happens when you and your husband have an​ argument?" -​"Do you feel safe at​ home?" -​"Is there anything you want to tell​ me?" -​"Tell me about your​ bruises."

​-"What happens when you and your husband have an​ argument?" -​"Do you feel safe at​ home?" -​"Tell me about your​ bruises."

Which drug classifications are considered antihypertensives? (Select all that apply.) ​-Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors -Adrenergic antagonists -Diuretics -Angiotensin II receptor blockers -Nitrates

​-Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors -Diuretics -Angiotensin II receptor blockers

The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of Tamara, a preschool-age client. Which difference does the nurse expect while assessing Tamara when compared to an adult client? -Larger nasopharynx ​-Long, floppy epiglottis -More functional muscles -Atrophy of the tonsils

​-Long, floppy epiglottis

Michael Chin is a 34-year-old man with breathing difficulties after a fall. When listening for bronchial sounds, what is the sound if the findings are normal? -Sounds medium in loudness and pitch ​-Loud, high-pitched sounds ​-Harsh, high-pitched sounds -Soft and​ low-pitched sounds

​-Loud, high-pitched sounds

A nurse is caring for a client who complains of diarrhea and epigastric pain. The client tells the nurse that he has recently been diagnosed with a gastrinoma. What additional condition does the nurse suspect the client​ has? ​-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome -Esophageal ulcer -Gastric ulcer -Sick sinus syndrome

​-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A client is admitted to the hospital with a complaint of sudden dyspnea and cough. The​ client's health care provider has diagnosed the client with pulmonary embolism​ (PE). The​ client's nurse notes that the​ client's D-dimer result is elevated. What is the cause of this​ elevation? -​D-dimer indicates inflammation in the vessel that contains a blood clot. -​D-dimer is a portion of fibrin formed during lysis of a blood clot. -​D-dimer is a portion of protein synthesized during the formation of a blood clot. -​D-dimer indicates increased coagulation associated with a blood clot.

​D-dimer is a portion of fibrin formed during lysis of a blood clot.

You find that Mrs. Johnson​'s pulse rises from 70 bpm when supine to 85 bpm when sitting. Her blood pressure changes from​ 130/85 mmHg when supine to​ 110/75 mmHg when sitting. Does your data support a finding of orthostatic​ hypotension? -​No, the changes in the pulse and blood pressure are due to anxiety. -​Yes, the changes in the pulse and blood pressure both support a finding of orthostatic hypotension. -​No, the pulse should decrease when Mrs. Johnson moves from a supine position to sitting up. -​No, the blood pressure should increase when Mrs. Johnson moves from a supine position to sitting up.

​Yes, the changes in the pulse and blood pressure both support a finding of orthostatic hypotension.


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