28/14 The Female Reproductive System

Identify the uterine phases of the menstrual cycle.

- Premenstrual phase - Proliferative phase - Secretory phase - Menstrual phase

How many openings are located on a human nipple?

15-20

what is the superior most portion of the breast?

Axillary tail

which term refers to the region of the breast that extends laterally toward the armpit?

Axillary tail

Which term refers to the thinning of the cervix during labor?

Effacement

Which term refers to a developing human from day 16 to week 8 of prenatal development?

Embryo

The hypothalamus secretes ____________ resulting in secretion of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

GnRH

The uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina are part of which of the following?

Internal female genitalia

How does oxytocin promote labor?

Stimulates the myometrium to contract Stimulates fetal membranes to secrete prostaglandins

The round ligament of the uterus passes through the inguinal canal.

True

Oogenesis originates within the

follicle

After birth, baseline prolactin levels return to the pre-pregnancy state. When an infant ____________ , prolactin surges to stimulate milk synthesis.

nurses

Place the events in the order they occur. Begin with FSH-induced follicular development.

1. FSH causes follicular development 2. Follicles release estrogen 3. Estrogen triggers release of LH 4. LH triggers ovulation

Place the phases of the menstrual cycle in the order that they occur from day 1 to day 28 of the cycle.

1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferative phase 3. Secretory phase 4. Premenstrual phase

Place the following structures in the order that they carry an unfertilized ovum from production to the body's exterior.

1. Ovary 2. Infundibulum 3. Ampulla 4. Isthmus 5. Fundus 6. Body 7. Cervical canal 8. Opening of cervix 9. Vagina 10. Vaginal Orifice

Rank each of the following events of the ovarian cycle in chronological order using #1 to identify the earliest event.

1. The follicular phase begins. 2. FSH stimulates the maturation of follicles. 3. Estradiol increases the dominant follicle's sensitivity to the gonadotropins. 4.FSH secretion diminishes and non-dominant follicles degenerate. 5. A surge in LH stimulates the primary oocyte in the dominant follicle to complete meiosis I. 6. The secondary oocyte is formed and the dominant follicle ruptures (ovulation). 7. The follicle collapses and bleeds and becomes the corpus luteum. 8. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone helping to prepare the uterus for a possible fertilization.

phases of menstrual cycle day 1 to day 28

1: Menstrual Phase 2: Proliferative Phase 3: Secretory Phase 4: Premenstrual Phase

The average length of the sexual cycle is

28 days

During the first two week of prenatal development, the developing individual is a hollow ball of cells called which of the following?

Blastocyst

Which of the following is a difference between colostrum and human breast milk?

Compared to human breast milk, colostrum contains more immunoglobulins.

Which term refers to the progesterone-secreting structure that develops from the follicle following ovulation?

Corpus luteum

The hormone___primarly targets the uterus, preparing it for pregnancy and maintaining it during pregnancy.

Progesterone

What occurs during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

The endometrium thickens as the result of fluid accumulation.

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

The functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt.

Which structure develops into the corpus luteum after ovulation occurs?

The ruptured follicle

What is the fibrous capsule surrounding the ovary called?

Tunica albuginea

Which organs are part of the internal female genitalia?

Uterus Uterine tubes vagina ovaries

The _____ are the milk-producing parts of the mammary glands.

alveolar glands

During the puerperium, the uterus undergoes __________.

autolysis and involution

The ____ is the inferior-most part of the uterus.

cervix

A midlife change when hormone secretion begins to wane is called the ____.

climacteric

The __ is the erectile organ of the female genitals.

clitoris

Which of the following structures occupies the most anterior position of the external genitalia?

clitoris

which organs are part of the external female genitalia?

clitrois labia majora labia minora

The products of conception including the embryo or fetus, the placenta and membranes are all collectively called the

conceptus

The crura are part of which of the following?

corpora cavernosa of clitoris

which term refers to the paired regions of the corpora cavernosa of the clitoris that attach it to the pubic arch?

crura

If the mother is not nursing the infant, prolactin surges ____________ and the mother stops synthesizing milk in about a week.

decline

(class of hormones) and androgens are responsible for most of the visible changes associated with puberty in the female.

estrogen

which stage of labor that begins when the baby's head enters the vagina and lasts until the baby is entirely expelled?

expulsion stage

At full maturity, an oocyte is located in the corona radiata.

false

During ovulation, the oocyte is surrounded by some of the cells of the corona radiata called the cumulus mass.

false

Which term refers to the developing individual from the ninth week after conception until birth?

fetus

Which of the following is not a structure of the uterus?

fimbriae

Which term refers to the feathery, finger-like projections at the distal end of the uterine tube?

fimbriae

Which term refers to the fringe-like projections extending from the infundibulum of the uterine tube?

fimbriae

The innermost layer of the endometrium that is shed during each menstrual period is the stratum __.

functionalis

The period of time from conception to birth is called

gestation

The head or __of the clitoris protrudes slightly from the prepuce.

glans

The ____are similar to the bulbourethral glands of the male and deposit fluids into the vestibule and the labia minora.

greater vestibular glands

The__ducts drain the lobes of the mammary glands during pregnancy.

lactiferous

The _____ of the breast terminate on the nipple.

lactiferous ducts

Additional ____________ are located more anteriorly and secrete fluids onto the vestibule near the clitoris.

lesser vestibular glands

Secretions of the female reproductive system mostly serve to ____________ the reproductive organs involved with intercourse.

lubricate

The labia__are the superficial most of the two pairs of labia.

majora

which glands are active in the breasts of lactating women, the atrophy when a women ceases to nurse?

mammary glands

Which of the following has an antrum?

mature follicle

Which of the following is involved in ovulation?

mature follicle

The very first menstrual bleeding is termed___.

menarche

This leads to the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles called _____.

menopause

which term refers to a women who has previously given birth>

multipara

The middle layer of the uterus is the

myometrium.

which pituitary hormone is directly associated with uterine contractions?

oxytocin

Once the ____________ is expelled, progesterone levels drop sharply, allowing prolactin to stimulate milk synthesis.

placenta

which term means after birth?

postpartum

which term refers specifically to a woman giving birth for the first time?

primipara

Estrogen and ____________ suppress milk synthesis by acting as prolactin antagonists.

progestrone

Milk synthesis is promoted by ____________ of the anterior pituitary gland.

prolactin

This is soon followed by ____, the appearance of pubic and axillary hair, sebaceous glands, and axillary glands.

pubarche

What is parturition?

the process of childbirth

The earliest noticeable sign of puberty is ______, the onset of breast development.

thelarche

The mucosa located on the wall of the vagina produce a serous fluid called vaginal ____________ .

transudate

The term of pregnancy is split up into 3 month intervals called

trimesters

Early cleavage division occurs within the

uterine tube

Fertilization occurs within the

uterine tube