30.2: Food and Nutrition

Functions of Carbohydrates

main source of energy, structural purposes

simple carbohydrates

monosaccharides and disaccharides

vitamins

organic molecules required in the diet in small amounts

Complex Carbohydrates

polysaccharides

saturated fats

solid at room temperature and there are only single bonds between their carbon atoms.

Dietary Calorie

1000 calories (kilocalorie)

What is meant by the term "balanced diet"?

A balanced diet provides nutrients in adequate amounts and enough energy for a person to maintain a healthful weight.

calorie

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C

How can fod labels be used to plan a balanced diet?

Food labels display the amounts of nutrients contained in a serving of food; so food labels can be used to plan a diet that contains all of the nutrients your body needs and the right amount of Calories.

Proteins

Have a wide variety of roles within the human body. They supply the raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle.

Fats

Help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and are a part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and certain hormones. Deposits of fat protect and insulate body organs and are a source of stored energy.

What are the two reasons humans need to eat?

Humans need to eat to get energy and to get the materials they need to build and repair tissue.

minerals

Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts.

unsatured fats

Liquid at room temperature has at least one double bond

Why do we need to eat?

Molecules in food contain chemical energy that cells use to produce ATP. Food also supplies raw materials your body needs to build and repair tissues.

How are saturated and unsaturated fats similar? How are they different?

Saturated and unsaturated fats are similar in that they both help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and are part of cell membranes, nerve cells, and some hormones. They are different because saturated fats contain only single bonds between their carbon atoms while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid.

What nutrients does your body need?

The nutrients that the body needs include water, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Foods that contain many Calories but few raw materials are said to contain empty Calories. What do you think the phrase empty Calories means?

The phrase empty Calories refers to foods that supply Calories without also supplying raw materials the body needs.