308 Final

What BMI is considered to be normal?

18.5-24.9

What BMI is considered overweight?

25-29.9

When the HbA1c levels are between ___-___%, it is consistent with a diagnosis of prediabetes.

5.7, 6.4

Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

ADH and oxytocin

Which hormone derived from the pancreas is released in response to high glucose levels in the blood?

insulin

What are the hormones released by the pancreas?

insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptides, amylin, somatostatin

Which nutrient is necessary for thyroid hormone synthesis?

iodine

Stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas by the autonomic nervous system are an example of what type of control?

neurologic control (regulation)

A 60 year old appears at the doctors office with a high bp, headache that won't go away, sweating, and tachycardia. Her symptoms are caused by an excessive production of: A.Norepinephrine B.Cortisol C.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) D.Growth hormone

norepinephrine (stress hormone released)

What BMI is considered obese?

over 30

Insulin is produced in the ____, ____ cells (islet of Langerhans) co-secrete ___ and insulin ; with the presence of glucose in the blood, insulin is released to ___concentration.

pancreas, beta, amylin, decrease

Which hormone derived from the pancreas is released in response to hypoglycemia?

pancreatic polypeptides

Oxytocin is coincides with _____. It stimulates ____ contractions and _____ _____ . It also inhibits ____.

pitocin, uterine, milk lactation, diuresis

What are the three signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

What does ADH (antidiuretic hormone) do?

regulation of kidney water absorption

Aldosterone is involved in water ____.

retention

Which hormone derived from the pancreas is released during food consumption, particularly fats and carbohydrates?

somatostatin

With SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion), there is ____ ____ ADH released, with little ___ ouput. There is also low ___ which leads to ____.

too much, urine, sodium, hyponatremia

When you are born without beta cells it is considered what kind of diabetes?

type 1

Where does oxytocin act? A. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland B. Uterus and Mammary glands (breasts) C. Kidneys and Spleen D. Thyroid and parathyroid

uterus and mammary glands

Profound insulin deficiency results in: A.Decreased fat mobilization B.Activation of glucose-forming pathways in the liver C.Increased glucose uptake D.Activation of bicarbonate buffering

Activation of glucose forming pathways in the liver

What condition are these manifestations associated with: Pillow back, fat pads, increased appetite, moon fast, purple striae on the abdomen?

Cushing's Syndrome

When there is inflammation of the glomerulus, there can be edema, hypertension, and even renal failure. What is the exact name for this condition?

Glomerulonephritis (acute)

Bulging eyeballs, large and protruding (in need of further evaluation) are associated with which disease?

Graves disease

What is a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, in particular a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood?

glomerulus

Which hormone derived from the pancreas is released in response to LOW glucose levels in the blood?

glucagon

How is BMI measured in children?

growth chart scale

Does prolactin have a target organ? Yes/No. Why?

No, it circulates throughout the body

2.A 12-year-old patient develops pancreatic atrophy with loss of beta cells. Which of the following conditions does this patient most likely have? A.Diabetes type 1 B.Diabetes type 2 C.Hypothyroidism D.Diabetes insipidus

Type 1

Which organ inhibits prolactin-inhibiting factor from acting on target tissue?

hypothalamus

What hormone does the adrenal gland release?

aldosterone (mineralcorticoid), cortisol (glucocorticoid), and estrogens/androgens (sex hormones)

As GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) decreases the plasma creatinine levels ____.

increase

Parathyroid makes sure that there is enough serum ____ in the blood- PTH cannot function effectively without ____ ____- PTH released which increases calcium levels

calcium, vitamin D

1.Which of the following is a condition associated with polyuria and polydipsia? A.Diabetes insipidus B.Hypoparathyroidism C.Hyperthyroidism D.Graves disease

diabetes insipidus

What is it called when the body excretes too much bodily fluid?

diuresis

What organism is the most common cause of UTI's?

e-coli