311L module 1 (CP quizzes & rationales)

The nurse is providing step-by-step instructions to a client who is learning how to climb stairs while using crutches. Place the following instructions in the correct order. Use all options. "Place both crutches under your left arm." "Transfer your weight to the unaffected leg." "Place your unaffected leg on the first stair tread." "Move up onto the stair tread." "Grasp the stair railing with your right arm." "Move your crutches and the affected leg up onto the stair tread."

"Place both crutches under your left arm." "Grasp the stair railing with your right arm." "Place your unaffected leg on the first stair tread." "Transfer your weight to the unaffected leg." "Move up onto the stair tread." "Move your crutches and the affected leg up onto the stair tread." Crutches can be used when climbing stairs. The client grasps both crutches as one on one side of the body and uses the stair railing. Have the client stand in the tripod position facing the stairs. The client transfers his or her weight to the crutches and holds the railing. The client places the unaffected leg on the first stair tread. The client then transfers his or her weight to the unaffected leg, moving up onto the stair tread. The client moves the crutches and affected leg up to the stair tread and continues to the top of the stairs. Using this process, the crutches always support the affected leg.

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child for whom elbow restraints have been prescribed. The nurse should remove the restraints and assess the child every how many hour(s)?

1 Children under 9 years of age should have elbow restraints removed at least once every hour to make sure the restraints are not too tight and are not impeding circulation.

The nurse is providing nail care to a client. Which assessment findings require notification of the client's health care provider? Select all that apply. A Blackened great toe nail B. Chipped and cracked nail polish present to all toes C. Bleeding under the nail bed and from the sides of the toes D. Red and swollen skin around the great toe E. Nails curled around the tip of the toes

A Blackened great toe nail C. Bleeding under the nail bed and from the sides of the toes D. Red and swollen skin around the great toe E. Nails curled around the tip of the toes When providing nail care, the nurse should report assessment findings such as changes to the color or shape of the nail, bleeding, or signs of inflammation. It would also be important for the nurse to report thinning or thickening of the nail or separation of the nail from the surrounding skin. It is not important to report the presence of nail polish to the health care provider.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client after gallbladder surgery. The client asks the nurse why he or she needs to ambulate in halls three times a day. What is the correct response by the nurse? A. "Ambulation helps prevent thromboembolism." B. "Ambulation helps prevent anesthesia related tachycardia." C. "Ambulation helps prevent hypoglycemia after surgery." D. "Ambulation helps prevent surgical wound infection."

A. "Ambulation helps prevent thromboembolism." Regular ambulation can decrease the risk of thromboembolism in the postsurgical client. It does not affect risk of surgical wound infection or hypoglycemia. This client should no longer be experiencing any acute effects of anesthesia.

The nurse considers applying restraints to an agitated client. Which actions does the nurse take? A. "Dim the lights and speak softly about something the client enjoys." B. "Assess the client for existing injuries to the wrists and hands." C. "Call a family member to come and sit with the client." D. "Ensure the client cannot reach any objects in the room."

A. "Dim the lights and speak softly about something the client enjoys." The nurse attempts multiple techniques before restraining a person, even when the person is agitated. Among those techniques is providing a calming environment and distraction. The nurse can assess the client for injuries anytime he or she is agitated, but this is not immediately relevant. The client must at least be able to reach the call bell to request assistance and water, if allowed. Family members are not always helpful for someone with agitation, and a family member may find it difficult to accept that level of responsibility.

The nurse is performing perineal care for a female client when the client asks the nurse to use baby powder to help keep her perineum dry. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "It is recommended to avoid the use of baby powder in the perineal area because it creates a place for bacteria to grow." B. "We no longer carry baby powder here because it increases costs and evidence shows it is not effective." C. "We no longer supply baby powder, but I would be happy to use the powder you brought from home." D. "It is recommended to avoid the use of baby powder in the perineal area because it increases the risk for an allergic reaction."

A. "It is recommended to avoid the use of baby powder in the perineal area because it creates a place for bacteria to grow." If a client asks to use baby powder it is most appropriate for the nurse to explain that baby powder is not recommended for use because it creates a medium for bacteria to grow, putting the client at risk for infection. The nurse would not want to use the baby powder from home because of this increased risk of infection, not because it increases costs or increases the risk for allergic response.

A client who is recovering from surgery is beginning to ambulate. This client is strong enough to walk without assistance but has poor balance. Which type of mobility aid would be most appropriate for this client? A. A cane with four prongs on the end (quad cane) B. A single-ended cane with a straight handle C. A single-ended cane with a half-circle handle D. A walker with four fixed legs

A. A cane with four prongs on the end (quad cane) The quad cane provides a wide base of support and thus is recommended for clients with poor balance. A single-ended cane with a half-circle handle is recommended for clients requiring minimal support and for those who will be using stairs frequently. A single-ended cane with a straight handle is recommended for clients with hand weakness because the handgrip is easier to hold but is not recommended for clients with poor balance. A walker with four fixed legs must be completely lifted off of the floor between steps and is not recommended for clients with poor balance.

After monitoring the client during a seizure, the nurse determines the seizure has ended and the client is stable. Which action does the nurse take? A. Allow the client to sleep. B. Assess neurological status every 30 minutes. C. Monitor the client's vital signs every 15 minutes. D. Orient the client to the situation.

A. Allow the client to sleep. The client will likely sleep after the seizure during the postictal state. Because the client was stable at the conclusion of the seizure (secure airway, normal vital signs), the nurse allows the client to sleep until he or she naturally awakens, at which time the nurse can orient the client to the situation. It is not necessary to awaken the client in 30 minutes and assess the neurological status, nor is it necessary to obtain frequent vital signs during the postseizure period.

A client's health care provider has prescribed the use of knee-high graduated compression stockings. To ensure that the correct size is obtained for the client, the nurse would measure which area? Select all that apply. A. Around the widest part of the calf B. From the bottom of the heel to the back of the knee C. From the toes to the mid-calf D. Around the upper and lower aspects of the foot E. Around the widest part of the thigh F. From the bottom of the heel to the gluteal fold

A. Around the widest part of the calf B. From the bottom of the heel to the back of the knee To ensure that the correct size is obtained, the nurse would Measure the client's legs to obtain the correct size stocking. For knee-high length stockings, the nurse would measure around the widest part of the calf and the leg length from the bottom of the heel to the back of the knee, at the bend. For thigh-high length stockings, the nurse would measure around the widest part of the calf and the thigh and the leg length from the bottom of the heel to the gluteal fold.

The nurse provides care to a sedated client with soiled sheets. Which action does the nurse take to move the client? A. Ask for help from a staff member. B. Use a client hydraulic lift. C. Pull the client from side to side. D. Place pillows behind the client's back.

A. Ask for help from a staff member. The nurse obtains helps from a fellow staff member so that the client can be properly cleaned and safely turned. The nurse protects the client's alignment and observes personal safe body mechanics. A hydraulic lift is not very useful for the client who is soiled. Placing pillows behind the client's back is done after the client has been cleaned. The nurse should not attempt to clean and position a client without assistance so that the client can be rolled without injury.

The health care provider has prescribed application of total-leg pneumatic compression device sleeves to a client's legs. Where would the nurse place the opening in the sleeve? A. At the popliteal space behind the knee. B. At the space in front of the knee. C. Where the upper thigh meets the groin muscle. D. At the ankle.

A. At the popliteal space behind the knee. When applying total-leg sleeves, the nurse would place the opening in the sleeve behind the knee at the popliteal space to prevent pressure behind the knee.

For the client at risk of seizures, which action does the nurse take? A. Attach an oxygen regulator at the head of the bed. B. Place the client in a semi-Fowler's position while awake. C. Ensure the client does not lie in a supine position. D. Place an oxygen mask on the client and titrate as needed.

A. Attach an oxygen regulator at the head of the bed. If the client has a seizure, the client is at risk for hypoxia and aspiration. An oxygen and vacuum regulator must be attached at the wall with the correct supplies for delivery of oxygen and suctioning of secretions or vomitus. Also, an oral airway and resuscitation bag, a bag-valve mask device, must be at the wall behind the bed. Intubation supplies are ready on the crash or code cart for emergencies if needed. Unless the client already demonstrates hypoxia, placing an oxygen mask on the client is not warranted. The client may lie in any position that is comfortable and does not aggravate existing conditions, as long as the client is not actively having a seizure.

Which recommendations should be included in a teaching plan for preventing falls in the home? Select all that apply. A. Avoid climbing on a chair or table to reach items that are too high to reach. B. Use a night light. C. Remove clutter from walkways. D. Consider the use of an electronic personal alarm. E. Keep electrical and telephone cords against the wall and out of walkways.

A. Avoid climbing on a chair or table to reach items that are too high to reach. B. Use a night light. C. Remove clutter from walkways. E. Keep electrical and telephone cords against the wall and out of walkways. A teaching plan for fall prevention in the home should include the recommendations: avoid climbing on a chair or table to reach items that are too high to reach; use a night light; remove clutter from walkways; and keep electrical and telephone cords against the wall and out of walkways. Considering the use of an electronic personal alarm would not help prevent a fall, but it may be used to help alert others to the fact that one has fallen.

The nurse is changing the linens for a client who could not be turned on the side due to a surgical incision on the right hip and pain from a fall in the left hip. What nursing intervention would be appropriate for this client? A. Change the bed linens from the top to the bottom. B. Change the bed linens from the left to the right side. C. Do not change the bed linens until the client is experiencing less pain. D. Change the bed linens from the bottom to the top.

A. Change the bed linens from the top to the bottom. When a client cannot be turned on the side, the nurse, with assistance from a coworker, would change the linens from the top to the bottom.

The nurse is assigned a client for whom an elbow restraint is prescribed. Which general principles of correct placement of the elbow restraint will the nurse follow? Select all that apply. A. Ensure the restraint is the correct size for the client. B. Make sure that a fist can easily fit under the restraint. C. Pad bony prominences. D. Wrap restraint tightly around the client's arm. E. Confirm the restraint does not extend below the wrist or place pressure on the axilla.

A. Ensure the restraint is the correct size for the client. C. Pad bony prominences. E. Confirm the restraint does not extend below the wrist or place pressure on the axilla. The nurse will need to choose the correct size of restraint, pad any bony prominences that may be affected by the restraint, and ensure that the restraint does not extend below the wrist or place pressure on the axilla. The restraint should be wrapped snugly but not tightly; wrapping it tightly can restrict circulation. The nurse should make sure that two fingers, not a fist, can easily fit under the restraint.

A nurse is preparing an inservice program for a group of staff nurses about ways to minimize restraint use on the unit. The nurse plans to address the risks associated with physical restraint use. Which risk would the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Falls B. Delirium C. Pressure injuries D. Kidney stones E. Contractures

A. Falls B. Delirium C. Pressure injuries E. Contractures Restraint-free care is the standard of practice and an indicator of quality care in all health care settings. Physical restraints do not prevent falls, and they increase the possibility of serious injury due to a fall. Restraint use in older adults is associated with falls and injurious falls, pressure injuries, and other adverse outcomes. Additional negative outcomes of restraint use include skin breakdown and contractures, incontinence, depression, delirium, anxiety, aspiration and respiratory difficulties, and even death.

The nurse is helping a client walk in the hallway when the client suddenly reaches for the handrail and states, "I feel so weak. I think I am going to pass out." Which initial actions are appropriate? Select all that apply. A. Firmly grasp the client's gait belt. B. Ask the client, "When was the last time you ate?" C. Ask the client to lean against the wall while the nurse obtains a wheelchair. D. Support the client's body against the nurse and gently slide the client onto the floor. E. Apply oxygen and wait several minutes for the weakness to pass.

A. Firmly grasp the client's gait belt. D. Support the client's body against the nurse and gently slide the client onto the floor. Firmly grasping the client's gait belt ensures a safe hold on the client. Supporting the client's body against the nurse's and gently sliding the client onto the floor enables the nurse to support the client's weight with large muscle groups and protects the nurse from back strain. The client should not be left alone. The cause of the weakness in unknown and it may not pass. Oxygen is not indicated. Assessing for the potential causes of the weakness should occur after client safety is assured.

A nurse must change the linens on a bed while it is occupied. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. A. Help the client turn toward the opposite side of the bed and fan-fold soiled lines as close to the client as possible. B. Grasp the mattress and shift it down to the foot of the bed. C. Put on gloves before removing soiled linens. D. Secure clean top linens under the head of the mattress. E. Place soiled linen on the floor. F. Place a bath blanket over the client.

A. Help the client turn toward the opposite side of the bed and fan-fold soiled lines as close to the client as possible. C. Put on gloves before removing soiled linens. F. Place a bath blanket over the client. Gloves prevent the spread of microorganisms. The blanket provides warmth and privacy. Having the client roll to the opposite side of the bed makes it easier to remove the soiled linens. The nurse should shift the mattress up to the head of the bed to allow the client more foot room, not shift it down to the foot of the bed. The nurse should not place the soiled linens on the floor or furniture or hold it against the uniform. The floor is heavily contaminated; soiled linen will further contaminate furniture and the nurse's uniform. The nurse should secure the clean top linens under the foot, not head, of the mattress.

The nurse is caring for a client with Alzheimer dementia who lives with an adult child at home and has started to wander. The adult child asks, "What can I do to keep my parent safe?" What are the best instruction(s) by the nurse? Select all that apply. A. Increase the parent's social interaction. B. Ensure the parent engages in regular exercise. C. Provide frequent reorientation. D. Ensure the parent to take naps frequently. E. Ensure that the parent's routine changes frequently.

A. Increase the parent's social interaction. B. Ensure the parent engages in regular exercise. C. Provide frequent reorientation. The nurse should instruct the adult child to provide frequent reminders of person, place, and time to help keep the client oriented in the environment and decreases the chance that the client will wander. The nurse should also instruct the adult child to ensure the parent engages in regular exercise and to work to increase the parent's social interaction, both of which help clients with dementia channel stress more appropriately. Taking naps frequently does not help to reorient the client with dementia or to channel energies. Changing the parent's routine frequently can disorient a client with dementia and increase the chance that the client will wander.

The nurse is making a bed occupied by a client. How would the nurse position the client when loosening bottom bed linens? A. Lying on one side B. Lying flat C. Lying prone D. Sitting up

A. Lying on one side The nurse would position the client on one side of the bed, lying on the side, and reposition the pillow under the client's head. This allows the linens to be removed and new linens to be placed on the vacant side. The nurse would then have the client roll to the opposite side to make the opposite side of the bed. Sitting up, lying flat, and lying prone would not facilitate the removal of the soiled linens while the client remains in bed.

The nurse has just transferred a client to the chair. The client begins to experience a tonic-clonic seizure. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to take? Select all that apply. A. Move furniture and other objects out of the immediate area. B. Insert an oral airway into the client's mouth. C. Ease the client to the floor. D. Loosen constricting clothing. E. Hold the client's arms firmly against the body. F. Place a folded blanket under the client's head.

A. Move furniture and other objects out of the immediate area. C. Ease the client to the floor. D. Loosen constricting clothing. F. Place a folded blanket under the client's head. Getting the client to the floor prevents injury that might occur if the client falls to the floor. Removing objects and loosening clothing prevents possible injury. A blanket placed under the head prevents injury from striking the head against a hard surface, such as the floor. Restraint can injure the client. Attempting to open the mouth and/or insert anything into the mouth can result in broken teeth and injury to the mouth, lips, or tongue.

The nurse is planning to bathe a client who has thigh-high antiembolism stockings in place. Which action is correct? A. Remove the antiembolism stockings before the bath. B. Leave the antiembolism stockings in place and spot-clean any soiled areas on the stockings. C. Leave the antiembolism stockings in place but be sure to remove all wrinkles. D. Fold the antiembolism stockings halfway down to allow assessment of the popliteal pulse.

A. Remove the antiembolism stockings before the bath. Antiembolism stockings should be removed before the bath to allow for assessment during the bath.

A nurse is caring for a client who is wearing antiembolism stockings per the health care provider's prescription. The client reports that the stockings are too uncomfortable and asks whether he can take them off. Which action should the nurse take? A. Tell the client he can remove them for 20 or 30 minutes during this shift. B. Permit the client to remove the stockings indefinitely and speak to the health care provider about the necessity of having the client wear them. C. Explain that the stockings must be worn 48 hours straight before they may be removed temporarily. D. Instruct the client to not remove them until the primary care provider writes a prescription to discontinue them.

A. Tell the client he can remove them for 20 or 30 minutes during this shift. Antiembolism stockings should be removed once every shift for 20 to 30 minutes to allow for assessment of circulatory status and the condition of the skin on the lower extremity and for skin care. The nurse should not disregard the health care provider's prescription and allow the client to remove the stockings indefinitely, as this could endanger the client's health.

What would be most important to document after shaving a client? A. That the chin was nicked with the razor B. Type of shaving cream used C. That aftershave lotion was applied D. Time shaving was completed

A. That the chin was nicked with the razor Shaving a client does not usually require documentation. If the skin is broken while shaving, it is important to document the occurrence and any assessment findings. Otherwise, the time, the type of shaving cream and aftershave are not important to document.

An unlicensed assistive personal (UAP) is performing perineal care for a female client. Which action by the UAP requires intervention by the nurse? A. The UAP begins cleansing from the anus toward the pubic bone. B. The UAP uses a clean portion of the washcloth for each stroke. C. The UAP begins cleansing from the pubic bone toward the anus. D. The UAP uses a towel to dry the cleaned areas.

A. The UAP begins cleansing from the anus toward the pubic bone. When performing perineal care, it is important to wash from the area that is least likely to be contaminated to most likely to be contaminated (front to back) to prevent contaminating of bacteria from the anal area to the urethra. Cleansing form anus to pubic bone would be cleaning "back to front" and put client at risk for urinary tract infection. The other options are appropriate when performing perineal care.

The nurse is teaching proper cane use to a client who has had ankle surgery. The client has been cleared to begin bearing weight on the affected leg. What outcome would be unexpected? A. The client reports increased strength in the weaker leg. B. The client uses the cane to ambulate safely without falls. C. The client demonstrates increased independence. D. The client demonstrates proper use of the cane.

A. The client reports increased strength in the weaker leg. Increased strength in the weaker leg is not considered a projected outcome for proper cane usage. Rather, the cane is used for balance and support to increase safety and independence.

A client has requested assistance with tooth brushing. What necessary supplies will the nurse gather? Select all that apply. A. Toothpaste B. Emesis basin C. Towel D. Disposable gloves E. Toothbrush F. Lip lubricant

A. Toothpaste B. Emesis basin C. Towel D. Disposable gloves E. Toothbrush Necessary supplies for tooth brushing include toothpaste, toothbrush, emesis basin, towel, and disposable gloves. The nurse would also include other PPE as needed, a glass of water, and mouth rinse. Lip lubricant is optional but should be offered to the client.

The nurse is preparing to give a bad bath to a client. Which supplies would the nurse need to gather before entering the client's room? Select all that apply. A. Towels B. Linen C. Basin D. Protective pads E. Bath blanket F. Gown

A. Towels B. Linen D. Protective pads E. Bath blanket F. Gown Prior to giving a client a bed bath, the nurse would gather the following supplies not found in the client's room: bath blanket, towels, gown, linen, and protective pads. The basin is located in the side cabinet in the client's room.

The nurse wraps the sleeves of a pneumatic compression device around the legs of a client. How would the nurse determine if the fit is correct? A. Two fingers should fit between the leg and the sleeve. B. Three fingers should fit between the leg and the sleeve. C. One finger should fit between the leg and the sleeve. D. The nurse's fist should fit between the leg and the sleeve.

A. Two fingers should fit between the leg and the sleeve. When wrapping the sleeves of a pneumatic compression device around a client's legs, the nurse would ensure that two fingers can fit between the leg and the sleeve.

The nurse is providing a bed bath for a female client who is unconscious. The nurse should pay special attention to cleaning which areas of the body? A. Underneath the breasts and in between skin folds B. The inner and outer canthus of each eye C. The antecubital fossa and popliteal space D. Underneath the fingernails and toenails

A. Underneath the breasts and in between skin folds Skin-fold areas may be sources of odor and skin breakdown if not cleaned and dried properly. Although all the areas listed should be bathed, they do not require the same level of attention as do the skin-folds.

The nurse is preparing to perform oral care for a client who has full dentures. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. A. Use a toothbrush and paste to gently brush all surfaces. B. Provide privacy while the client removes dentures from the mouth. C. After cleaning, insert the lower denture followed by the upper denture. D. Rinse the dentures with normal saline if the client is dehydrated. E. Place paper towels or a washcloth in the sink to prevent damage if the dentures are dropped during cleaning. F. Use a sterile 4 × 4 gauze to remove debris from the gums and mucous membranes.

A. Use a toothbrush and paste to gently brush all surfaces. B. Provide privacy while the client removes dentures from the mouth. E. Place paper towels or a washcloth in the sink to prevent damage if the dentures are dropped during cleaning. Putting paper towels or a washcloth in the sink protects against breakage. The nurse should provide privacy to the client during removal of the dentures, which many people are embarrassed by. A toothbrush and paste are appropriate to clean dentures. Rinsing with normal saline is unnecessary; plain water is fine. Upper dentures should be placed before lower dentures. A toothbrush and paste, not sterile gauze, should be used to clean gums and mucous membranes.

A client has just been given a walker and the nurse is explaining to the client how to use it. Which instructions should the nurse give the client? Select all that apply. A. Wear nonskid shoes or slippers. B. Choose a walker without wheels if you have difficulty lifting a walker. C. Pull on the walker for leverage when getting up from a chair. D. Choose a walker with wheels on the front legs if you have a faster gait. E. When going down stairs with the walker, move slowly. F. Check the walker for signs of damage, frame deformity, or loose or missing parts before use.

A. Wear nonskid shoes or slippers. D. Choose a walker with wheels on the front legs if you have a faster gait. F. Check the walker for signs of damage, frame deformity, or loose or missing parts before use. The nurse should instruct the client to wear nonskid shoes or slippers when using a walker to prevent falling. The nurse should instruct the client to inspect the walker for damage or missing parts to make sure that it is safe to use each time. The client should choose a walker with wheels if the client has a faster gait, as the wheels allow the person to move more quickly. The client should never use a walker on the stairs, which is dangerous. The client should use the arms of the chair or a stand-assist device for leverage when getting up from a chair and should not pull on the walker to get up, as the walker could tip or become unbalanced. A walker with wheels, not a standard walker, is better for clients who have difficulty lifting.

The nurse is caring for a postsurgical client. The client asks the nurse why he needs to ambulate so soon after surgery. The nurse explains that the goals of ambulation include which factors? Select all that apply. A. increase joint flexibility B. help pain control C. decrease risk of wound infection D. improve respiratory function E. aid gastrointestinal motility

A. increase joint flexibility D. improve respiratory function E. aid gastrointestinal motility Ambulation helps the client increase joint flexibility, improve respiratory function and aid gastrointestinal motility. It does not necessarily help with pain control. In fact, clients may need pain medication prior to ambulation, especially if they are postsurgery. Ambulation is not related to wound infection risk.

After applying a restraint to a client, the nurse is required to stay with the client while it in use. Which type of restraint has the nurse applied? A. mummy restraint B. elbow restraint C. extremity restraint D. waist restraint

A. mummy restraint A mummy restraint restricts all movement, and thus the nurse should stay with the client while it is in place. The other types of restraint do not restrict the client's movements as completely and thus require checks at specified intervals, but not the constant presence of the nurse.

The nurse is caring for an older adult for whom the health care provider has prescribed an elbow restraint. The elbow restraint should not impede circulation. Which pulse will the nurse assess to decide if circulation is compromised? A. radial B. jugular C. apical D. carotid

A. radial The nurse should determine if circulation is compromised by assessing the radial pulse and the circulation to the fingers and hand. Assessing the apical, carotid, and jugular pulses will not help the nurse decide if the elbow restraint is compromising circulation.

The nurse assists the client back to bed from the bathroom utilizing a walker. What action by the nurse will decrease the spread of microorganisms? A. wiping down the handles of the walker once the client has returned to bed B. assisting the client to wash the hands upon return to the bed C. requiring the client to wear gloves when using the walker D. instructing the client not to share the use of the walker with anyone else

A. wiping down the handles of the walker once the client has returned to bed Proper cleaning of equipment between client use prevents the spread of microorganisms. While washing the client's hands upon return to bed will decrease the possibility of infection, the walker would remain contaminated and at risk being touched by many people passing by the walker.

A nurse is counseling an older adult client on fall prevention in the home before the client is discharged from the hospital. Which action should the nurse recommend to the client? A. "Avoid cardiovascular exercise, as it increases your risk of falling." B. "Consult with your health care provider about beginning an exercise program." C. "Begin walking at least 1 mile (1.6 km) per day around your neighborhood." D. "Purchase an exercise treadmill so that you can exercise indoors when the weather is bad."

B. "Consult with your health care provider about beginning an exercise program." The nurse should advise the client to consult with the health care provider to create a plan for an exercise program. Regular exercise, including cardiovascular exercise, helps maintain strength and flexibility and can help slow bone loss, all of which aid in fall prevention. However, the type of exercise and equipment should be determined by the health care provider or another qualified health care professional, not by the nurse.

A nurse delegates the application of graduated compressions stockings to a licensed practical nurse. A while later, the client's spouse pulls the nurse aside and says, "I think the other nurse put the stockings on backwards. The opening is facing up." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. "It doesn't matter if the opening is up or down, as long the stocking is smooth." B. "The opening is face up to prevent any interference with the circulation." C. "I'm sure they are on correctly. I trust the nurse who put them on." D. "Yes, you are correct. Let me take them off and put them on again."

B. "The opening is face up to prevent any interference with the circulation." When applying graduated compression stockings, the heel pocket is down and the client's heel is centered in the pocket. If the stockings have a toe window, it is positioned correctly when it faces up. Proper positioning ensures toe comfort and prevents interference with circulation. The toe window should face up and the stocking should be smooth to prevent uneven pressure and interference with circulation. The statement about trusting the nurse is inappropriate and does not address the spouse's concern.

The nurse cares for a client who is postoperative after an abdominal surgery. Which is the most important statement for the nurse to use in teaching this client? A. "Do not get up without assistance for any reason." B. "Use the call bell for any needs and wear nonslip footwear." C. "It is important to us that you remain free from injury." D. "You will mostly stay in bed while you are hospitalized."

B. "Use the call bell for any needs and wear nonslip footwear." All of these teaching points are correct. However, the best action is for the nurse to teach the client how to be safe by using the call bell for assistance and wearing nonskid footwear. Telling the client that it is important for the nurse that the client remains free from injury is true, but this statement does not inform the client how to avoid becoming injured in this new environment. The client may remain in bed for a large portion of the stay, but the client will need to get up and should be taught how to safely do that. Instructing the client to not get out of bed for any reason is not healthy for the postoperative client, and it is not reasonable. Rather, the nurse teaches the client how to be safe when getting up.

The nurse is caring for a client wearing a pneumatic compression device. The nurse has set the device properly when the pressure is in what range? A. 55 to 65 mm Hg B. 35 to 55 mm Hg C. 30 to 35 mm Hg D. 65 to 75 mm Hg

B. 35 to 55 mm Hg The normal pressure range of a pneumatic compression device is 35 to 55 mm Hg. The other pressure ranges are incorrect.

A nurse is assisting an older, continent client with dry skin who is hospitalized. Which approach to hygiene should the nurse take with this client? A. Provide a full bed bath with soap and water every day. B. Alternate between a full bed bath on one day and use of skin lotion or bath oil on the next. C. Use skin lotion daily and avoid giving bed baths. D. Provide a tub bath with bath oil every day.

B. Alternate between a full bed bath on one day and use of skin lotion or bath oil on the next. A full bed bath every day may cause excessive dryness in many older adults, and a continent client may not require a bath every day. If dry skin is a problem, water and skin lotion or bath oil may be used on alternate days with a bed bath. Do not use bath oil in tub water, as it can cause tub surfaces to become slippery. Bed baths should not be avoided altogether but simply given every other day.

The nurse is performing perineal care on an adult male client who was incontinent of stool. After cleansing the perineal area, what is the most appropriate intervention by the nurse? A. Apply baby powder the perineal area B. Apply a thin barrier of skin protectant to the perineal area C. Apply antibiotic ointment to the urinary meatus D. Apply betadine ointment to the foreskin and glans penis

B. Apply a thin barrier of skin protectant to the perineal area The nurse would apply a thin barrier of skin protectant to the perineal area to protect the skin from breakdown associated with contact with stool or moisture. Baby powder is a medium for bacterial growth and should not be used in the perineal area. Antibiotic ointment and betadine ointment are not indicated at this time.

A nurse is assisting a client with denture care. What is the best way to remove the client's dentures? A. Apply gentle pressure with a tongue blade to remove the denture plate. B. Apply gentle pressure with a 4 × 4 gauze to grasp the denture plate. C. Use sterile gloves to apply gentle pressure and grasp the denture plate. D. Ask the client to take a deep breath and exhale while grasping the denture plate.

B. Apply gentle pressure with a 4 × 4 gauze to grasp the denture plate. Applying gentle pressure with a 4 × 4 gauze prevents slippage and discourages the spread of microorganisms. Asking the client to take a deep breath and exhaling and using a tongue blade are not effective for removing denture plates. Sterile gloves are not necessary for providing oral care.

The nurse is providing denture care for a client who is too sedated to assist. Which is a recommended guideline for this procedure? A. Store the dentures in a cup filled with mouthwash. B. Apply gentle pressure with a piece of gauze to remove the upper dentures. C. Use a rinse to clean the dentures, not a toothbrush and toothpaste. D. Place the removed dentures on a paper towel.

B. Apply gentle pressure with a piece of gauze to remove the upper dentures. Providing denture care for a client, the nurse would apply gentle pressure with a piece of gauze to remove the upper dentures, place them in a denture cup, line the sink with a paper towel to prevent breakage when cleaning the dentures with a toothbrush and toothpaste, rinse them, and return the dentures to the client.

A client who is wearing soft contact lenses is unable to remove the lenses before bedtime. What action should the nurse take? A. Allow the client to sleep with the contact lenses in place. B. Assist the client to remove the lenses using a small pair of rubber grippers. C. Contact the health care provider to assist with the removal of the lenses. D. Assist the client to remove the lenses using a small suction cup.

B. Assist the client to remove the lenses using a small pair of rubber grippers. For soft contact lenses that cannot be easily removed, a small rubber gripper is a tool that can be used to aid in removal. A small suction cup would be used for hard contact lenses. Sleeping with lenses in increases infection risk and is not recommended. The health care provider should be contacted only after other means of removal have failed.

Which aspect of denture care is appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? A. Assessing the oral cavity for inflammation B. Brushing the dentures C. Teaching the client about importance of denture care D. Planning when denture care will be implemented

B. Brushing the dentures Brushing the dentures is within the scope of practice for the UAP and therefore it is appropriate to delegate this aspect of denture care. Assessment, planning and teaching fall within the scope of practice for the nurse and are not appropriate for delegation to the UAP.

The acute care nurse is preparing to bathe a client and notices that the client is wearing a regular hospital gown and has continuous intravenous (IV) fluids infusing. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? A. Carefully disconnect the IV tubing from the IV bag and quickly thread it through the arm of the gown. B. Carefully thread the IV bag and tubing through the arm of the regular gown, and then replace it with a snap-arm gown at the end of the bath. C. Leave the gown in place, taking care to keep it dry. D. Cut the arm of the regular gown and replace it with a snap-arm gown at the end of the bath.

B. Carefully thread the IV bag and tubing through the arm of the regular gown, and then replace it with a snap-arm gown at the end of the bath. The gown should be removed without disconnecting the IV equipment or cutting the gown. This provides uncluttered access during the bath and prevents the destruction of the gown, while maintaining IV fluids at the prescribed rate. Leaving the gown in place is inappropriate, as a fresh gown is part of a routine bath.

The older adult client is moving to another apartment. The nurse should encourage the client's family to take which action to reduce the older adult's risk of falling in the new home? A. Change the older adult's routine. B. Clear clutter in the walkways of the new home. C. Take walks outside. D. Use the stairs in the new home.

B. Clear clutter in the walkways of the new home. The nurse should recommend that the client's family ensure that walking paths and floors in the home are free of clutter, which is an environmental hazard that increases the risk of falls in the home. Changing routines, taking walks outside, and using the stairs will not reduce the risk of falling in the home.

The nurse is providing oral care to a hospitalized client. Which outcome of this intervention is the priority? A. Preventing dental caries B. Decreasing the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia C. Preventing deterioration of the oral cavity D. Promoting the client's sense of well-being

B. Decreasing the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia Diligent oral care inhibits the growth of pathogens in the oropharyngeal secretions, decreasing the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, hospital-acquired non-ventilator pneumonia and ventilator associated pneumonia. While the other choices are expected outcomes of oral care, preventing respiratory complications is the priority.

How would the nurse remove the top linens when making an occupied bed? A. Arrange the client's gown for privacy and roll the linens to the bottom of the bed. B. Have the client hold onto the bath blanket and reach under it to remove the linens. C. Fanfold the linens at the bottom of the bed and remove them to the chair. D. Have the client hold onto the bath blanket and reach under it to remove all linens except the top sheet.

B. Have the client hold onto the bath blanket and reach under it to remove the linens. The nurse would place a bath blanket over the client and have the client hold onto it while reaching under it and removing the top linens. The nurse would leave the top sheet in place if a bath blanket is not used. Fanfolding the linens at the bottom of the bed does not assist in removing the top linens. The bath blanket or top sheet, if a bath blanket is not used, provide privacy and warmth more effectively than the client's gown.

The nurse is preparing to bathe a client using a self-contained bathing system that has premoistened, disposable washcloths. Which method for warming the premoistened cloths is correct? A. Fill the sink with hot water, place the unopened package in the water, and let it soak for at least 10 minutes. B. Heat the entire package in the microwave, following the manufacturer's recommendation. C. Twenty minutes before beginning the bath, place the unopened package underneath the small of the client's back. D. Place the washcloths in warm water, one at a time, in the order they will be used.

B. Heat the entire package in the microwave, following the manufacturer's recommendation. The nurse should warm the unopened package in the microwave, according to manufacturer's directions. The other methods are not as effective or efficient.

A nurse is caring for a client who is wearing a waist restraint. Which intervention by the nurse would be most appropriate to ensure that the client's breathing is not restricted? A. Tie the restraint to the bed frame, not the side rail. B. Insert the fist between the restraint and the client. C. Pad the client's bony prominences. D. Keep a call bell within easy reach of the client.

B. Insert the fist between the restraint and the client. The nurse should insert one fist between the restraint and the client to ensure that the client's breathing is not constricted. Tying the restraint to the bed frame instead of the side rail and padding bony prominences are measures that help prevent injury, but they do not help prevent impaired breathing. Keeping a call bell within easy reach of the client would not help prevent impaired breathing.

The nurse making an occupied bed. Under which body part of the client would the nurse place the drawsheet? A. Feet B. Midsection C. Buttocks D. Head

B. Midsection When making an occupied bed, the nurse would place the drawsheet under the midsection of the client. If the client soils the bed, the drawsheet can be changed without changing the other linens and the drawsheet may aid in moving the client. A drawsheet under the head, feet, or buttocks will not facilitate movement of the client in bed.

The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has been hit in the eye with a baseball. The client reports that wearing contact lenses. What is the priority action by the nurse? A. Ask the client to remove the contact lens from the unaffected eye and place in a storage case marked L and R. B. Notify the emergency department health care provider the client is wearing contact lenses. C. Irrigate the eyes with 0.9% normal saline to aid in removal of the contact lenses. D. Remove the contact lenses and place in a storage case marked L and R.

B. Notify the emergency department health care provider the client is wearing contact lenses. If client who is wearing contact lenses receives an injury to the eye, the priority is to notify the health care provider about the presence of the contact lens to minimize injury. Removing the lens places the client at risk for further injury and should not be performed by the nurse. Asking the client to remove the lens from the unaffected eye may not cause further injury, but it is not the priority.

The nurse is caring for an older adult with dementia for whom the health care provider has prescribed a waist restraint. What should the nurse do immediately before applying the waist restraint? A. Remove personal protective equipment (PPE). B. Pad bony prominences. C. Tie the knot tightly. D. Use a quick-release knot.

B. Pad bony prominences. Immediately before applying the waist restraint, the nurse should assess and pad bony prominences that may be affected by the waist restraint. The nurse should use a quick-release knot after applying the restraint. The restraint should be not tied tightly, but snugly. Securing the restraint too tightly could impair the client's breathing. The nurse should remove PPE after applying the restraint.

A nurse is shampooing a client's hair while the client is in bed. Which intervention should the nurse make to reduce back strain while performing the procedure? A. Place a drain container underneath the drain of the shampoo board. B. Raise the bed to elbow height. C. Place a protective pad under the client's head and shoulders. D. Close curtains around the bed and close the door to the room, if possible.

B. Raise the bed to elbow height. Proper bed height helps reduce back strain while performing the procedure. A protective pad keeps the sheets from getting wet. Placing a drain container under the shampoo board prevents a mess on the floor. Closing the curtains around the bed and closing the door to the room provides for client privacy.

The nurse is preparing to perform perineal care on an uncircumcised adult male client who was incontinent of stool. The client's entire perineal area is heavily soiled. Which technique for cleaning the penis is correct? A. Soak the end of the penis in warm water before cleaning the shaft of the penis. B. Retract the foreskin while washing the penis; then, immediately pull the foreskin back into place. C. Retract the foreskin while washing the penis, allow 10 to 15 minutes for the glans penis to dry, and then replace the foreskin in its original position. D. Avoid retraction of the foreskin because injury and scarring could occur.

B. Retract the foreskin while washing the penis; then, immediately pull the foreskin back into place. In an uncircumcised male client (teenage or older), retract the foreskin (prepuce) while washing the penis but pull it back into place over the glans penis immediately afterwards to prevent constriction of the penis, which may result in edema and tissue injury. However, it is not recommended to retract the foreskin for cleaning during infancy and childhood, because injury and scarring could occur. The nurse should clean the tip of the penis first, not soak it in water, by moving the washcloth in a circular motion from the meatus outward.

The nurse is providing oral care to an unconscious client. Which piece of equipment would be important use to individualize care for this client? A. Emesis basin B. Suction toothbrush C. Toothpaste D. Towel

B. Suction toothbrush A suction toothbrush provides a means to remove oral hygiene products and saliva from the unconscious client's mouth, thereby preventing aspiration. A regular toothbrush and an oral suction catheter may also be used. An emesis basin, towel, and toothpaste would be expected for use for any client during oral care.

The nurse has delegated contact lens removal to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) for a client in the preoperative area. Which action by the UAP requires intervention by the nurse? A. The UAP has placed the storage case on the overbed table. B. The UAP has placed the client in a side-lying position. C. The UAP is using the pads of the thumb and index finger to grasp the lens. D. The UAP is donning clean gloves.

B. The UAP has placed the client in a side-lying position. Placing the client in the side-lying position is incorrect. The supine position with the bed raised and side rail down is the least stressful position for removing contact lenses. Clean gloves are worn during the removal to prevent the spread of microorganisms. To remove contact lenses, one hand is used to retract the lower lid while using the pads of the thumb and index finger of the other hand to remove the lens. A storage case marked left and right should be placed on the overbed table or other surface within reach.

A nurse cares for a client wearing a waist restraint. Which client action causes the nurse to change restraint types? A. The client has frequent and large episodes of stool and urinary incontinence. B. The client continually tries to move from head of the bed toward the foot of the bed. C. The client has a high risk of injuries and falls related to confusion and medications. D. The client has preexisting pressure injuries and skin breakdown on bony prominences.

B. The client continually tries to move from head of the bed toward the foot of the bed. Research suggests that waist restraints pose the same risks for asphyxial death as vest restraints. When the client is very mobile in the bed or chair, the risk for asphyxiation increases. The nurse should pad skin and bony prominences that will be covered by the restraint to reduce friction and pressure to skin and underlying tissue. Restraints ground a client's center of gravity, thus helping to prevent injuries and falls such as rolling off a stretcher or falling out of bed. Because the nurse should be following the removal schedule (every 2 hours), the client is at less risk for incontinence and dehydration because these needs are being met every 2 hours.

A female nurse is assisting an older man who has dementia with a bath in his hospital room. Which approach should the nurse take? A. The nurse should call a family member and have him or her bathe the man. B. The client should be allowed to complete as much of the bath as he can. C. The nurse should bathe the man herself, as he has dementia. D. The nurse should have a male nurse bathe the client.

B. The client should be allowed to complete as much of the bath as he can. When assisting with basic hygiene, it is important to respect individual client preferences and give only the care that clients cannot, or should not, provide for themselves. Thus, the nurse should let the client bathe himself to the extent that he can effectively do so. Bathing is performed in a matter-of-fact and dignified manner. If this approach is followed, clients generally do not find care by a person of the opposite gender to be offensive or embarrassing. Just because the man has dementia does not mean that he is not capable of bathing himself, at least in part. Calling a family member to bathe the client is both unnecessary and impractical.

A nurse is delegating shaving of a client who is prescribed anticoagulant therapy to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). What information is most important for the nurse to include for this client? A. The client prefers shaving gel over shaving cream. B. The client should use an electric razor. C. The client likes to shave while in the shower. D. The client would like the spouse to assist with shaving.

B. The client should use an electric razor. A client who is prescribed anticoagulant therapy is at risk for bleeding; therefore, it would be important to use an electric razor rather than a blade. Before shaving a client, it is important to assess shaving preferences and this information should be shared with the UAP, but these are not as important as preventing bleeding.

A nurse must provide oral care for an older adult client who cannot effectively manipulate a toothbrush. How often should the nurse brush and floss the client's teeth? A. Once a day B. Twice a day C. Four times a day D. Three times a day

B. Twice a day Teeth should be brushed and flossed twice a day.

A nurse is performing perineal care for a female client. Which action would most be important to maintain the client's privacy? A. Cleanse from pubic bone to anus. B. Uncover only the area being cleaned. C. Identify the client using two identifiers before beginning. D. Use a clean portion of the washcloth for each stroke.

B. Uncover only the area being cleaned. Performing perineal care is personal, so it is important for the nurse to maintain privacy and dignity. This is achieved by being sensitive to the client and uncovering only the area that is necessary for cleaning. Cleansing from "front to back" and using a clean portion of the washcloth are important to prevent infection. It is not necessary to obtain two identifiers before performing perineal care.

Which modification to bathing should be implemented for a client who is incontinent? A. Perform a full bed bath each time the client has an episode of incontinence. B. Use special perineal skin cleansers and moisture barriers. C. Decrease the frequency of bathing to preserve skin integrity. D. Use a topical antiseptic, such as povidone-iodine, in the perineal area.

B. Use special perineal skin cleansers and moisture barriers. Moisture barriers and special perineal skin cleansers will help prevent skin breakdown and excoriation. Do not use antibiotic or other antimicrobial cleaners or betadine at the urethral meatus. Decreasing the frequency of bathing is unnecessary to preserve skin integrity, as long as special precautions are taken. A full bed bath may not be necessary each time the client has an episode of incontinence. A partial bed bath may be given in some instances.

How often should skin integrity be assessed for a client who is using pneumatic compression devices? A. every 12 hours B. every 8 hours C. every 24 hours D. every 4 hours

B. every 8 hours Skin integrity for a client who is using pneumatic compression devices should be assessed every 8 hours. Four hours would be too short and 12 and 24 hours are too long in between assessments.

The nurse has finished a discussion with an older adult client about dangers in the home. The nurse recognizes that the instruction was effective when the client identifies which common risks in the home? Select all that apply. A. placing objects in familiar places B. extension cords C. clutter D. polypharmacy E. ambulation devices

B. extension cords C. clutter D. polypharmacy In the home of an older adult, the use of extension cords and clutter in the walkways are environmental hazards that increase the risk of falls in the home. Polypharmacy is common risk in the home of an older adult client. Placing objects in familiar places helps to decrease the risk in the home of an older adult. Using ambulation devices helps to decrease the risk of falls in the home of the older adult.

The nurse is talking to a client who has been using crutches for ambulation. The client reports intermittent numbness of the upper arms. What should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? A. using non-padded crutches B. leaning for prolonged periods by the axilla on the crutches C. using a four-point gait D. re-adjusting the height of the crutches

B. leaning for prolonged periods by the axilla on the crutches Leaning on the crutches can create pressure on the axillary nerves, creating numbness, tingling, and pain down the arms. The client should not be leaning on the crutches for long periods of time. The crutches should have been fit to the client's height upon being dispensed. No additional padding should be necessary because it could alter the fit of the crutches. Likewise, adjustments made to the height without professional assistance increases risk of injury. The type of gait used with crutches does not contribute to numbness of the arms.

The nurse is caring for a hysterical child who requires assessment of a dog bite near the eye. The parent is in emotional state that is not appropriate for helping to immobilize the child. The nurse should implement which restraints to best enable the health care provider to examine the client's injury? A. vest restraint B. mummy restraint C. extremity restraint D. elbow restraint

B. mummy restraint The mummy restraint is appropriate during an examination or while providing care for the head or neck, because it provides short-term restraint designed to control all movement. The vest restraint, extremity restraint, and elbow restraint are not appropriate in this situation.

If the nurse is the only caregiver assisting a client with gait belt ambulation, where should the nurse be positioned? A. directly behind the client with both hands on the gait belt B. to either side and slightly behind the client with near hand on gait belt C. directly beside the client with opposite hand on gait belt D. in front of the client with near hand on gait belt

B. to either side and slightly behind the client with near hand on gait belt When ambulating a client with a gait belt, the nurse should stand to either side and slightly behind the client with near hand on gait belt. The other positions do not allow the nurse to properly use the gait belt to help provide stability and balance.

The nurse is demonstrating proper ambulation technique with crutches to a child with a fractured ankle. What is priority assessment should the nurse perform? A. neuromuscular status B. weight bearing status C. pain status D. neurovascular status

B. weight bearing status The nurse should assess the client's weight to help determine which crutch gait to demonstrate. The nurse should consider pain, neuromuscular, and neurovascular status when ambulating a client; however, ignoring weight bearing status could cause increased injury to the client as well as impair the client's safety with crutch ambulation.

A client with diabetes asks the nurse what should be done for a large callus on the right great toe. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "Rub lotion on your callus for 20 minutes and then use a clipper to cut the callus away." B. "You could try an over-the-counter callus remover and then call your health care provider." C. "I encourage you to see your podiatrist to get a recommendation for your callus." D. "Soak your foot in warm water for 30 minutes and then gently file the callus."

C. "I encourage you to see your podiatrist to get a recommendation for your callus." Clients with diabetes are at risk for poor circulation and at increased risk for infection. For these clients, a callus should be treated by a podiatrist. Cutting, filing and callus removers increase the risk of injury and infection in clients with diabetes and should not be used.

The nurse observes a staff member performing perineal care on a female client. The staff member washes the client's rectal area and then washes the client's urinary meatus. What is the most useful instruction for the nurse to give the staff member? A. "Urinary tract infections can cause a prolonged hospitalization for the client." B. "Change washcloths between the rectal area and the urinary meatus." C. "Microbial contamination can occur when cleaning the anal area first." D. "It is best to use disposable personal hygiene cloths for perineal care."

C. "Microbial contamination can occur when cleaning the anal area first." The nurse needs to teach the staff member that wiping "front to back" is done to avoid carrying germs, like Escherichia coli, from the anus to the urinary meatus, causing a urinary tract infection. Telling the staff member that this action can prolong the hospital stay is correct but doesn't help the staff understand why the action was incorrect. Changing washcloths between the genitals and the rectal area is ideal, but it is more important to ensure cleaning is done in the proper sequence, whether with disposable or washable cloths.

The unresponsive client's spouse at bedside asks the nurse about oral care. The spouse states, "If my spouse is not eating, why do you still brush the teeth?" How does the nurse best respond? A. "Dental care is still important, even when not chewing." B. "Without swallowing, bacteria get trapped in the mouth." C. "Mouth care during this time helps prevent complications." D. "It is comforting to have moist oral mucosa during this time."

C. "Mouth care during this time helps prevent complications." The best response by the nurse is to explain that mouth care for the unconscious client prevents dental problems such as decay and prevents pneumonia due to bacterial growth in the oropharynx. This most completely addresses the spouse's question. Bacteria would normally be partially washed away by saliva, dental care does remain important, and moist oral mucosa does feel good to the client. However, these responses do no completely address the spouse's concern.

The nurse observes a client using a walker for ambulation. The client lifts the walker, places the rear feet on the ground ahead of him, steps forward with the right leg, then the left leg, and then sets the front two feet of the walker on the ground. What further instruction does the client need? A. "Place the front two feet of the walker on the ground as you step forward." B. "Drag the rear feet of the walker with you as you step forward." C. "Place all four feet of the walker on the ground before stepping forward." D. "When stepping forward, always lead with your left leg."

C. "Place all four feet of the walker on the ground before stepping forward." The client should move the walker 6 to 8 in (15 to 20 cm) in a forward direction and set all four feet down and ambulate to the walker. All four walker feet should always be on the ground before the client ambulates. The client should lead with the leg he is most comfortable with. Setting only two walker feet on the ground creates a risk for falling for the client.

The client requests powder to be applied to the genitalia after perineal care. Which explanation from the nurse to the client is best? A. "Evidence states that powder in the genital area causes female cancers." B. "It is no longer an acceptable part of perineal care to apply powder to the groin." C. "Powder in the genital area can create a medium for bacterial growth." D. "Powder can crumble together and irritate the genital folds causing redness."

C. "Powder in the genital area can create a medium for bacterial growth." Powder can create an environment for bacterial growth. This is a teaching moment for the nurse with the client and is the best response, addressing the client request and the reasons not to accommodate it. There is some evidence suggesting that ovarian cancer may result from excessive talcum powder exposure. However, there are talcum-free powders available. Powder can sometimes create additional redness, because it gathers moisture and sticks to groin folds and is no longer routinely recommended for care.

The nurse is caring for a violent client who has been wearing a waist restraint for 23 hours. A family member asks if the client will continue to wear the waist restraint. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "The client will remain in restraints until discharged." B. "The health care provider will see the client and prescribe tests to determine why the client is violent." C. "The health care provider will see the client and assess whether the restraint prescription should be renewed." D. "The client will continue to be in restraints until violent or self-destructive behavior stops."

C. "The health care provider will see the client and assess whether the restraint prescription should be renewed." After restraints have been worn for 24 hours, the health care provider who is responsible for the care of the client must see and assess the client before writing a new prescription for the use of restraint or seclusion for the management of violent or self-destructive behavior. The health care provider will indicate that the client should remain in restraints if violent or self-destructive behavior continues. The client must be taken out of restraints before discharge, but the nurse would not know whether the health care provider would continue to renew the prescription for restraints for each 24-hour period until the client's discharge. If tests were needed to determine why the client is violent, the health care provider would have prescribed them before this time.

The acute care nurse is talking with an older adult client who had a complete bed bath earlier in the day. The client states, "I like to be scrubbed clean during my bath, and the person who bathed me today didn't even use soap and water and barely rubbed my skin to dry it." Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "When you feel well enough to bathe yourself, we can give you your favorite soap and a big, thick towel." B. "It sounds as if you are not happy with the care you are receiving. Would you like me to bathe you again?" C. "Use of special bathing products and avoidance of scrubbing help keep your skin intact." D. "Can you tell me the name of the person who bathed you this morning? I will review proper bathing procedures with this person."

C. "Use of special bathing products and avoidance of scrubbing help keep your skin intact." Nurses should examine bathing practices and consider the effect on the client's skin. In general, they should avoid using soap and hot water and avoid excessive friction and scrubbing, as these can compromise the integrity of the client's skin, especially that of an older client, whose skin tends to be more fragile.

A nurse is assisting a 72-year-old client with a tub bath. The nurse fills the tub halfway with water and checks the temperature of the bath water. Which temperature would the nurse identify as appropriate for this client? A. 90oF (32oC) B. 110oF (43oC) C. 100oF (38oC) D. 120oF (49oC)

C. 100oF (38oC) Although water temperature should be adjusted to 100oF (38oC) to less than 120o to 125oF (49oC to 52oC), the lower temperature limit of 100oF (38oC) is suggested for children and adults older than 65 years of age. A temperature of 90oF (32oC) would cause chilling.

A nurse is providing care to several clients who are extremely weak and need to have their hair shampooed while remaining in bed. When gathering the necessary supplies, the nurse would anticipate needing to adapt the shampoo board for the client with which condition? A. Diverticulitis B. Septic shock C. Acute spinal cord injury D. Postoperative coronary artery bypass graft

C. Acute spinal cord injury If the client has a spinal cord or neck injury, use of the shampoo board may be contraindicated. In this case, a makeshift protection area can be created to wash the client's hair without using the board. The other conditions would not contraindicate the use of the shampoo board.

Which methods can be used to remove a client's soft contact lenses? Select all that apply. A. Use two cotton-tipped applicators to gently grasp the lens. B. Use a commercially available tool with a small suction cup. C. Ask the client to remove them, if able. D. Apply gentle pressure to the lower eyelid until the lens pops out. E. Use the pads of the index finger and thumb to gently pinch and remove the lens.

C. Ask the client to remove them, if able. E. Use the pads of the index finger and thumb to gently pinch and remove the lens. When assisting with basic hygiene, it is important to respect individual client preferences and give only the care that clients cannot, or should not, provide for themselves. Thus, the nurse should have the client remove the lenses, if able. To remove a client's soft contact lenses, the nurse should do the following: using the pads of the thumb and index finger, grasp the lens with a gentle pinching motion and remove. A tool with a small suction cup is appropriate for the removal of hard lenses but not for soft lenses. Applying pressure to the lower eyelid is used to remove hard lenses, not soft ones. A small pair of rubber grippers is used to remove soft lenses that are difficult to remove, not two cotton-tipped applicators.

A client wearing bilateral pneumatic compression devices reports pain and tingling in the left leg. After removing the pneumatic compression device, what is the next intervention by the nurse? A. Encourage the client to ambulate to increase both venous and arterial circulation. B. Administer a PRN dose of pain medication to the client. C. Assess the extremities for peripheral pulses, edema, changes in sensation, and movement. D. Vigorously massage the affected extremity.

C. Assess the extremities for peripheral pulses, edema, changes in sensation, and movement. To assess for injury, the nurse should assess extremities for peripheral pulses, edema, changes in sensation, and movement. Vigorous massage is not indicated and may make pain worse. The client should not ambulate until the extremity is assessed. While a PRN dose of pain medication may be appropriate, it is essential to assess the extremity first.

After assisting a bed-bound client with oral care, what action does the nurse take? A. Inspect the oral cavity for dryness, erythema, or bleeding. B. Dispose of the used toothbrush, basin, and cups. C. Assist the client to a comfortable position in the bed. D. Place the supplies on the edge of the overbed table.

C. Assist the client to a comfortable position in the bed During oral care, the client either sits straight up in the bed or must lean toward the bedside. After completion of oral care for the bed-bound client, the nurse assists the client to a comfortable position. Oral care supplies are recapped or rinsed, stored in a drawer, cabinet, or on a shelf, and reused when needed to avoid unnecessary waste. Inspection of the oral cavity should occur prior to care to minimize oral trauma and to correctly assess for hydration.

The nurse uses perineal cleansing wipes for the client who has had a bowel movement. Which action does the nurse take? A. Alternate wipes with reusable wash cloths. B. Flush cleansing wipes after perineal care is complete. C. Change to a clean wipe after each stroke. D. Use multiple wipes to create a thicker wipe.

C. Change to a clean wipe after each stroke. The nurse changes wipes after each stroke to avoid spreading feces to noncontaminated areas. Wipes are not flushable. Using multiple wipes at one time is wasteful. Wash cloths are harsh to perineal skin and are not used for incontinence care or after bowel movements.

When a client cannot be turned on the side, what recommended nursing action would the nurse perform, with assistance from another nurse, to replace the soiled linens once they have been removed? A. Pull the clean linens under the client from the bottom to the top of the bed. B. Fold two bottom linens in half and place one at the top of the bed and one at the bottom. C. Ease the clean linens under the client, from the top to the bottom of the bed. D. Apply the bottom sheet, securing it at the bottom of the bed.

C. Ease the clean linens under the client, from the top to the bottom of the bed. The recommended procedure for applying new linens on an occupied bed is to apply the bottom sheet securely to the top of the bed, ease the clean linens under the client from the top to the bottom of the bed, and secure the linens at the bottom of the bed.

A client has been out of bed, sitting in the chair for the past hour. The nurse is preparing to apply knee-high length graduated compression stockings as prescribed by the client's health care provider. Which action would be appropriate for the nurse to do? Select all that apply. A. Apply liberal amounts of lotion to the feet and legs. B. Remove any excessive hair from the legs with a depilatory C. Elevate the client's feet and legs for about 15 minutes. D. Have the client flex and extend the legs several times. E. Assist the client back to bed.

C. Elevate the client's feet and legs for about 15 minutes. E. Assist the client back to bed. If the client is sitting or has been up and about, have the client lie down with legs and feet elevated for at least 15 minutes before applying the stockings. Otherwise, the leg vessels are congested with blood, reducing the effectiveness of the stockings. Flexing and extending the legs would be inappropriate. The nurse could apply powder to the leg lightly unless client has a respiratory problem, dry skin, or sensitivity to the powder. If the skin is dry, a small amount of lotion may be used. Powders and lotions are not recommended by some manufacturers, so the nurse should check the package material for manufacturer specifications. Flexing and extending Hair does not need to be removed.

When providing oral care to an unconscious client, the nurse takes which action? A. Have endotracheal suction supplies at the bedside. B. Brush the tongue and each tooth surface multiple times C. Ensure there is a towel and basin positioned for drainage. D. Place the head of the client's bed in high-Fowler's position.

C. Ensure there is a towel and basin positioned for drainage. The nurse ensures that liquids can be easily captured and cleaned by placing a towel and basin beneath the unconscious client's head during oral care. The unconscious client should not be placed in an upright position during oral care due to risk of aspiration. The tongue and teeth must be brushed adequately, but multiple times is not necessary. Oral suction should be set up to collect drainage in the oral cavity or the posterior oropharynx, but endotracheal suction will not be needed if oral care is done correctly.

A nurse is providing nail care for an older adult client. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. A. Trim the nail far down on the sides B. Leave hangnails alone C. File the nail straight across D. Round the tips of the nails in a gentle curve using a file E. Cut the nail straight across F. Gently clean under the nails using an orangewood stick

C. File the nail straight across D. Round the tips of the nails in a gentle curve using a file E. Cut the nail straight across F. Gently clean under the nails using an orangewood stick When providing nail care for an older adult client, the nurse should gently clean under the nails using the cuticle or orangewood stick, cut and then file the nail straight across, and then round the tips of the nails in a gentle curve using a file. The nurse should not trim so far down on the sides that the skin and cuticle are injured. The nurse should remove hangnails, which are broken pieces of cuticle, by carefully trimming them off with cuticle scissors.

How should the nurse teach the client who is ambulating with a cane? A. Instruct the client to advance the cane 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the stronger leg and the cane, advance the stronger foot forward, parallel with the cane. B. Instruct the client to advance the cane 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the weaker leg and the cane, advance the stronger foot forward, parallel with the cane. C. Instruct the client to advance the cane 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the stronger leg and the cane, advance the weaker foot forward, parallel with the cane. D. Instruct the client to advance the 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the weaker leg and the cane, advance the weaker foot forward, parallel with the cane.

C. Instruct the client to advance the cane 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the stronger leg and the cane, advance the weaker foot forward, parallel with the cane. Advancing the cane 4 to 12 in (10 to 30 cm) and then, while supporting weight on the stronger leg and the cane, advance the weaker foot forward, parallel with the cane provides proper support and balance. The other scenarios do not provide proper balance and support, which could increase fall risk.

The nurse is applying a pneumatic compression device to a client's legs. Where would the nurse place the inflation pump? A. On the side table. B. On the side railing. C. On the bottom of the bed. D. At the head of the bed.

C. On the bottom of the bed. When applying a pneumatic compression device to a client's legs, the nurse would hang the inflation pump on the bottom of the bed.

The nurse is observing the client's caregiver apply a figure-eight bandage to the client's ankle. The caregiver begins wrapping the elastic bandage around the ankle and unrolls the entire bandage before wrapping the ankle in figure-eight fashion. What should the nurse instruct the caregiver? A. Re-roll the bandage, wrap twice above the ankle, and then alternate with the bandage rolled ascending and descending with every turn. B. Re-roll the bandage, wrap twice around the foot, and then alternate with the bandage rolled ascending and descending with every turn. C. Re-roll the bandage, wrap twice around the ankle, and then alternate with the bandage rolled ascending and descending with every turn. D. Continue wrapping the ankle alternating ascending and descending with every turn.

C. Re-roll the bandage, wrap twice around the ankle, and then alternate with the bandage rolled ascending and descending with every turn. The figure-eight bandage is applied best with the bandage rolled to control tension/compression of the bandage as it is applied. The bandage should be wrapped twice over the joint to hold in place then alternate ascending and descending with every turn. The bandage should start at the ankle to ensure stability. By keeping the bandage rolled up and unrolling it as it goes down the foot, it is easier to keep the bandage in place more tightly.

The nurse has placed the rolled, soiled linens in the laundry hamper. What should be the nurse's next action? A. Place the clean bottom sheet in center of bed. B. Scrub the mattress with antimicrobial cleaner. C. Remove gloves, unless indicated for transmission precautions. D. Replace soiled gloves with new ones.

C. Remove gloves, unless indicated for transmission precautions. After placing the soiled linens in the laundry hamper, the nurse would remove gloves, unless indicated for transmission precautions, and then place the bottom sheet with its center fold in the middle of the bed. This can be done without gloves, because the linens are clean. If the mattress is soiled, it should be cleaned according to facility policy. Scrubbing the mattress with antimicrobial cleanser is not necessary.

The nurse is providing perineal care for an uncircumcised adult male client. What is a recommended guideline for this action? A. Retract the foreskin when washing the prepuce. B. Retract the foreskin, wash the area, and allow the foreskin to dry 5 minutes before pulling it back. C. Retract the foreskin when washing the prepuce of adolescents and older. D. Do not retract the foreskin as this may cause edema and tissue injury.

C. Retract the foreskin when washing the prepuce of adolescents and older. The nurse would retract the foreskin and wash the area under it when providing perineal care for an uncircumcised male who is an adolescent or older. The nurse would then pull the foreskin back into place over the glans penis to prevent constriction of the penis, which could result in edema and tissue injury. It is not recommended to retract the foreskin for cleaning during infancy and childhood because injury and scarring could occur.

The nurse is teaching a client with peripheral vascular disease about foot care. What will be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Inspect feet once a week and report any problems to the podiatrist for early intervention. B. Dry feet thoroughly and apply lotion between the toes. C. See a podiatrist for treatment for bunions. D. Schedule foot exams with podiatrist at least once per year. E. Wear appropriate footwear.

C. See a podiatrist for treatment for bunions. D. Schedule foot exams with podiatrist at least once per year. E. Wear appropriate footwear. Clients with peripheral vascular disease are at increased risk for infection, injury and poor healing related to the feet; therefore, diligent foot care is important. It is recommended that a podiatrist treat bunions, corns, and calluses. Clients should always wear appropriate footwear to protect feet from injury. Clients are recommended to have a foot exam at least yearly. Using lotion between the toes increases the risk for fungal infections. Because of the increased risk for infection and poor healing, it is important for clients to inspect feet daily for blisters, cuts, sores, cracks and other problems and seek prompt treatment.

The nurse is providing oral care for a client who has suffered head trauma. The client is unresponsive. How will the nurse best position the client? A. Supine B. Semi-Fowler's C. Side-lying D. Prone

C. Side-lying Putting the unresponsive client in a side-lying position while performing oral care facilitates the drainage of any liquid from the client's mouth and prevents aspiration. Prone position would not be conducive to oral care. Supine and semi-Fowler's position would increase the risk for aspiration in the unresponsive client.

The nurse is assisting a hospitalized client with oral care. How will the nurse position the client? A. Head of the bed at 10 degrees B. Head of the bed at 45 degrees C. Sitting at the edge of the bed D. Head of the bed at 30 degrees

C. Sitting at the edge of the bed To prevent aspiration, it is best to assist the client to a sitting position. If the client is unable to sit, the side-lying position is also acceptable. The other options would place the client at risk for aspiration.

A nurse is preparing to give a bed bath to a client. What approach should the nurse take? A. Start with the most private areas and end with the least private areas. B. Start with the posterior aspect of the body and then move to the anterior aspect. C. Start with cleanest areas and end with most soiled areas. D. Start with the head and work down the body.

C. Start with cleanest areas and end with most soiled areas. The nurse should start with cleanest areas and end with most soiled areas, to avoid transferring microorganisms from soiled areas to the clean areas. The other approaches are not valid.

What should the nurse teach the client about climbing stairs with a cane? A. The client should place the cane one step above and use the stronger leg to pull the weaker leg upward. B. The client should advance the weaker leg up the stair first, followed by the cane and stronger leg. C. The client should advance the stronger leg up the stair first, followed by the cane and weaker leg. D. The client should place the cane one step above and use the weaker leg to pull the stronger leg upward.

C. The client should advance the stronger leg up the stair first, followed by the cane and weaker leg. The client should advance the stronger leg up the stair first, followed by the cane and weaker leg. This helps support the weaker leg. The other techniques could increase client fall risk.

The nurse is changing the figure-eight bandage on the client's hand after hand surgery. In addition to the gauze bandage, a small gauze pad is placed in between each finger to prevent what complication? A. To decrease risk of wound infection. B. To prevent bleeding upon removing the bandage. C. To pad between fingers so there is no skin to skin contact under the bandage. D. To keep fingers in a straight position.

C. To pad between fingers so there is no skin to skin contact under the bandage. The client's fingers/toes should have gauze or cotton applied between them when being wrapped with a figure-eight bandage. This keeps the skin from coming in contact and decreases risk for skin breakdown. If bleeding is noted as a dressing is removed, the dressing should be reinforced, and the health care provider should be notified. The gauze between fingers is used for padding and should not have any bearing on risk for wound infection. The gauze between fingers is not used to position fingers.

A client with a history of diabetes is demonstrating nail care to the nurse. Which action by the client requires teaching by the nurse? A. Filing the nail straight across and then rounding in a gentle curve B. Using a cuticle stick to push cuticles back C. Using a nail clipper to cut the nail straight across D. Using a towel to dry between toes

C. Using a nail clipper to cut the nail straight across Clients with diabetes and other circulatory problems should only file, not cut nails to avoid injury to the nail or surrounding tissues, which may have delayed healing. Using a cuticle stick to gently push cuticles back reduces hangnail formation, filing the nail prevents injury to the nail and surrounding area, and thoroughly drying between the toes prevents fungal infections.

A nurse is directed to apply a pneumatic compression device for a client, after surgery. What postoperative complication would this device help to prevent? A. Hemorrhage. B. Pneumonia. C. Venous thrombus. D. Infection.

C. Venous thrombus. The pneumatic compression device is applied to a client's legs to enhance blood flow and venous return to prevent deep-vein thrombosis. Coughing exercises help to prevent pneumonia, and frequent dressing assessments help to detect infection and hemorrhage.

A nurse is preparing to wash the hair of a client who is confined to bed. The nurse plans on using a shampoo cap. Which action would the nurse do first? A. Add water to the cap to create a lather. B. Apply the cap to the client's head. C. Warm the cap in the microwave. D. Wet the client's hair with water.

C. Warm the cap in the microwave. Shampoo caps are commercially prepared, disposable caps that contain a rinseless shampoo product. The cap is warmed in the microwave or stored in a warmer until use. The cap is then placed on the client's head and the hair and scalp are massaged through the cap, to lather the shampoo. After shampooing for the manufacturer's suggested length of time, the cap is removed and discarded. The client's hair is towel dried and styled.

The nurse is demonstrating proper ambulation technique with a walker to a hospitalized older adult with a diagnosis of weakness. What is the priority nursing assessment? A. vital signs B. lower extremity muscle strength C. cognitive function level D. medication allergies

C. cognitive function level Assessment of cognitive function is most important to assure safety for the client with using the walker. A client unable to follow or retain direction would be at risk for injury. Vital signs should be reviewed and checked if the client is at risk for orthostatic hypotension. Muscle strength is an appropriate assessment but not the priority assessment in this situation. Medication allergies should not affect teaching proper ambulation technique with a walker.

The nurse is caring for an infant for whom the health care provider has prescribed a mummy restraint. The infant's parent asks the nurse what will be used to implement the mummy restraint on the infant. What is the best response by the nurse? A. manufactured mummy restraint B. manufactured vest restraint C. sheet or blanket D. towels

C. sheet or blanket A small blanket or sheet is applied and folded to construct the mummy restraint. A vest restraint is made for adult clients. Towels are too small to be able to fold in the prescribed manner around the child. There are no manufactured mummy restraints.

The charge nurse is observing a new nurse care for a client who is at high risk for falls. Which actions by the new nurse would require the charge nurse to intervene? A. placing a "high fall risk" designation on the outside of the client's room B. transferring the client to a room that is in view of the nursing station C. waiting outside of the closed bathroom door while the client uses the toilet D. applying an electronic personal alarm

C. waiting outside of the closed bathroom door while the client uses the toilet To prevent falls for a client who is at high risk for falls, the nurse should not wait outside the closed bathroom door but should remain with the client in the bathroom and assist the client in toileting. The other actions are appropriate measures for a client who is at high risk for falls and would not require the charge nurse to intervene.

The client has recently been instructed on use of a walker, and the nurse observes the client ambulate using a walker. The client is unsteady and is not performing the task as instructed. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "Let me get you a wheelchair for your safety." B. "Press your nurse call light whenever you get up with your walker." C. "You seem unsteady, please slow down." D. "Allow me to show you how to use your walker again."

D. "Allow me to show you how to use your walker again." The nurse should correct any inappropriate use of assistive devices immediately upon observing improper use. Asking the client to activate the call light does not prevent the client from ambulating independently in an unsafe manner. Utilizing a wheelchair is a safe option but does not correct the improper use of the walker for future use. The best action is to re-demonstrate the proper walker use.

The nurse is teaching a client about shaving the face. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? A. "I will use warm water and shave cream to soften the hair." B. "I will shave in smooth, short strokes to prevent discomfort." C. "I will shave in the direction of hair growth to prevent discomfort." D. "I will pull the skin taut to reduce the risk for ingrown hairs."

D. "I will pull the skin taut to reduce the risk for ingrown hairs." Pulling the skin taut while shaving increases the risk for ingrown hairs. When shaving the face, the client should use warm water and shave cream to soften the hair, begin shaving using smooth, short strokes in the direction of the hair growth while holding the skin steady to prevent the razor from pulling on the skin and causing discomfort.

The acute care nurse is talking with a client who just finished performing oral care. The client states, "I have some whitish-yellow patches on my tongue. Should I be concerned?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? A. "The patches are probably the result of ineffective brushing. I'll get you a new toothbrush." B. "What type of milk did you drink during your last meal? These patches often occur after drinking whole milk." C. "Is this the first time you noticed them? These types of patches are a normal finding in most adults." D. "Let me assess the patches. They may indicate the development of a fungal infection."

D. "Let me assess the patches. They may indicate the development of a fungal infection." The yellow or white patches in the oral cavity may indicate a fungal infection called thrush. They are not normal, nor are they the result of ineffective brushing or of drinking whole milk

The nurse has instructed the client with a knee injury on how to perform crutch walking with a four-point gait. Which statement clarifies client understanding? A. "The four-point gait uses the left crutch and right leg, then the right crutch and left leg." B. "The four-point gait uses both crutches and the affected leg at the same time, then followed by the unaffected leg." C. "The four-point gait uses both crutches and allows the client to move both legs up past the crutches at the same time." D. "The four-point gait uses one crutch, then one leg, followed by the other crutch, and then the other leg."

D. "The four-point gait uses one crutch, then one leg, followed by the other crutch, and then the other leg." The four-point gait utilizes "four" legs: one crutch, then one leg, the other crutch, and then the other leg. The two-point gait utilizes "two" legs: one crutch and the opposite leg move together, then the other crutch and opposite leg move together. The three-point gait utilizes "three" legs: both crutches and the affected leg at the same time, then followed by the unaffected leg. The swing-to gait utilizes the client swinging both legs to the crutch position in front of them.

The nurse is caring for a client who has had colon surgery. The client asks the nurse "How do pneumatic compression devices decrease risk of thromboemboli?" What is the best response by the nurse? A. "They stimulate blood flow improving arterial circulation to the lower extremities." B. "They provide points of muscle massage when you are ambulating." C. "They increase fluid volume improving venous return." D. "They increase the velocity of blood flow in the superficial and deep veins and improve venous valve function in the legs, promoting venous return to the heart."

D. "They increase the velocity of blood flow in the superficial and deep veins and improve venous valve function in the legs, promoting venous return to the heart." Pneumatic compression devices decrease risk of thromboemboli by increasing the velocity of blood flow in the superficial and deep veins and improving venous valve function in the legs, promoting venous return to the heart. They are not used for muscle massage. The goal of pneumatic compression devices is to improve venous, over arterial. Pneumatic compression devices do not increase fluid volume.

The nurse is teaching a client about denture care. Which statement from the client indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will store my dentures in cold water when I sleep." B. "I will never place my dentures beside me in bed." C. "I will use a special denture cleaner to remove food that does not come off with brushing." D. "When I eat, I will remove my dentures and place them in a napkin."

D. "When I eat, I will remove my dentures and place them in a napkin." Clients should be encouraged to wear dentures to assist with eating. Dentures should not be wrapped in a napkin or paper towels, because they may be mistaken for trash. This statement indicates a need for further teaching. Dentures should not be placed in the bedclothes or linens, because they may be lost in the laundry. Storing dentures in cold water prevents warping. Special cleaners may be used to soak dentures and remove remaining food or other debris.

A nurse is preparing to shampoo a client's hair while the client is in bed and gathers the water in a pitcher. The nurse checks the temperature of the water and decides to continue based on which water temperature reading? A. 89oF (31.7oC) B. 130oF (54.4oC) C. 98oF (36.7oC) D. 105oF (40.6oC)

D. 105oF (40.6oC) Warm water is comfortable and relaxing for the client. It also stimulates circulation and provides for more effective cleaning. Adjusting the water temperature to 100oF (37.8oC) to less than 120o to 125oF (48.9o to 51.7oC) decreases the risk of burns and drying of the skin. Water temperatures below 100oF (37.8oC) could lead to chilling the client whereas water temperatures above 135oF (57.2oC) could burn the client.

Which action does the nurse perform to institute seizure precautions for a client after a subdural hematoma? A. Ensure a lorazepam dose and syringe are available. B. Place a bite guard at the client's bedside. C. Raise the bed to a comfortable working height. D. Apply padding to the bed side rails bilaterally.

D. Apply padding to the bed side rails bilaterally. Rail padding decreases the risk for injury. Depending on facility protocol, this may involve having three or four bed side rails raised. A bite guard is not used as a precautionary measure. Clients may be given lorazepam or another medication for seizures, but this is not included in seizure precautions. The nurse may raise the bed while applying the rail pads, but must ensure, as a part of seizure precautions, that the bed is in the lowest possible position while not at bedside.

A client is shaving and calls for the nurse when he cuts his face and is bleeding. What is the best action by the nurse? A. Place a transparent dressing over the cut to enhance visualization. B. Rinse the cut with warm water to remove shaving cream. C. Apply pressure with a towel to the area for 7 to 8 minutes. D. Apply pressure with a gauze pad for 2 to 3 minutes.

D. Apply pressure with a gauze pad for 2 to 3 minutes. If a client is cut during shaving and is bleeding, the nurse should apply pressure with a gauze pad or a towel for 2 to 3 minutes, and then check for continued bleeding. After the bleeding has stopped, it is safe to resume shaving. The priority is to stop the bleeding. Applying pressure does this, but it typically does not need 7 to 8 minutes. Rinsing with water will not aid in stopping bleeding, nor will a transparent dressing.

A nurse is caring for a client who is unconscious and notes in the client's history that the client wears contact lenses. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse at this time? A. Ask the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to remove the contact lenses. B. Contact the health care provider for a prescription to remove the contact lenses. C. Contact the client's caregiver and ask if the client wears contacts. D. Assess both eyes for contact lenses.

D. Assess both eyes for contact lenses. Upon noting the history of contact lenses, it would be most appropriate to assess both eyes for the presence of contact lenses. Some people wear contacts in only one eye. Removal of contact lenses may be delegated to the UAP, but only after proper assessment by the nurse. Contacting the client's caregiver would not provide the nurse with the needed information. The health care provider does not need to be contacted unless an injury is present.

The nurse is caring for an adult client on prescribed bed rest who repeatedly attempts to get out of bed despite instructions to remain in bed. Which initial interventions is appropriate? A. Contact the health care provider for a prescription to apply a waist restraint. B. Raise the side rails. C. Administer a prescribed dose of lorazepam. D. Assess for the need to urinate.

D. Assess for the need to urinate. Client needs should be assessed before considering physical or pharmacologic restraint.

The nurse in a critical care unit is caring for a child who is restrained with elbow restraints during a procedure. Which intervention should take priority? A. Assess respirations to help prevent asphyxiation. B. Encourage the client to wear low-heeled, rubber-soled shoes. C. Keep a call bell within easy reach of the client. D. Assess the circulation to the client's fingers and hands.

D. Assess the circulation to the client's fingers and hands. In this situation, assessing the circulation to the client's fingers and hands should be the priority intervention, because elbow restraints can impair circulation if applied too tightly. Keeping a call bell within easy reach would be a lower priority intervention, because the client is undergoing a procedure and is already in the company of the provider or other health care professionals. Assessing respirations to help prevent asphyxiation would be a priority intervention if the client were prescribed a waist restraint, not an elbow restraint. Encouraging the client to wear low-heeled, rubber-soled shoes would be a pertinent intervention for a client at high risk for falls.

The nurse cleans the client after a bowel movement and notes stool on the gloves. The nurse has not finished cleaning the client. What action should the nurse take? A. Continue to complete care. B. Avoid touching clean linen. C. Use a wipe to clean gloves. D. Change into a new pair of gloves.

D. Change into a new pair of gloves. The nurse stops and changes into new gloves when they become soiled. This action will avoid contaminating the clean linen being placed under the client. Using a wipe to clean the gloves still leaves the chance of contamination, as does continuing without changing gloves. It is unlikely the nurse will be able to avoid touching the clean linen when placing under the client.

The nurse is preparing to make a bed occupied by a client who is on bedrest. What is the first action the nurse would take in this procedure? A. Provide for privacy. B. Perform hand hygiene. C. Identify the client. D. Check the client's chart.

D. Check the client's chart. The first action taken by the nurse before changing the linens on an occupied bed is to check the client's chart for limitations on physical activity. The nurse would then gather the equipment, perform hand hygiene, identify the client, and provide for client privacy.

The nurse is assessing a client with a figure-eight bandage on the right ankle. The client has returned from the bathroom and the bandage is loose and has migrated over the tips of the toes. What action does the nurse perform next? A. Apply medical tape to hold the figure-eight bandage in place B. Pull the bandage proximally back to the original applied position C. Remove the bandage washing the bandage to restore elasticity D. Discard the bandage and replace with a new bandage following the figure-eight pattern

D. Discard the bandage and replace with a new bandage following the figure-eight pattern The bandage has lost the elasticity and needs to be replaced. Apply a new bandage following facility policy. Some bandages will regain elasticity after being washed, but the extremity must have a bandage placed while the old bandage is being washed and becomes completely dry. Pulling a loose bandage up will only allow a loose bandage to migrate again.

A nurse is preparing to apply a pneumatic compression device for a client. Which statement accurately describes a contradication for this device? A. Do not use the device if skin integrity is altered. B. Do not use the device in combination with antiembolism stockings. C. Do not use the device in combination with anticoagulant therapy. D. Do not place the sleeves of the device above the knee.

D. Do not place the sleeves of the device above the knee. A pneumatic compression device may be used in combination with anticoagulant therapy and antiembolism stockings. The sleeves may cover the entire leg or may extend from the foot to the knee. A skin assessment would be performed to identify any skin conditions that may get worse by applying the device.

A nurse is implementing measures as alternatives to using restraints. When implementing the client's plan of care, the nurse would anticipate the need to check on the client at which frequency? A. Every 20 to 30 minutes B. Every 3 to 4 hours C. Every 45 minutes to 1 hour D. Every 1 to 2 hours

D. Every 1 to 2 hours The nurse would plan on increasing the frequency of client observation and surveillance, conducting client/nursing rounds every 1 to 2 hours. These rounds would include assessing for pain, assisting with toileting, providing client comfort, ensuring that personal items are within reach, and meeting client needs. Client care rounds/nursing rounds improve identification of unmet needs, which can decrease behaviors that increase risk for the use of restraints.

How should the nurse open the bottom sheet when making an unoccupied bed? A. Fold in half in the center B. Fanfold to the side C. Fold in thirds to the side D. Fanfold to the center

D. Fanfold to the center The nurse would place the bottom sheet with its center fold in the center of the bed, open the sheet and fanfold to the center of the bed. Opening items on the bed reduces strain on the nurse's arms and diminishes the spread of microorganisms. Centering the sheet provides sufficient coverage for both sides of the mattress.

The nurse is changing a client's bedding while the client is out of the room getting an X-ray. What would the nurse do with the reusable linens? A. With the assistance of another nurse, fold the linens in fourths on the bed and then place them on a clean chair. B. Fold the bedding in half on the bed and then place them at the bottom of the bed C. Fold the bedding in fourths on the bed and place them on the overbed table. D. Fold the linens in fourths on the bed and then hang them over a clean chair.

D. Fold the linens in fourths on the bed and then hang them over a clean chair. The nurse would fold reusable bedding, such as a sheet, blanket, or spread, in fourths on the bed and then hang it over a clean chair. Folding the reusable linens saves time and energy when they are replaced on the bed. Folding bedding while it is on the bed reduces strain on the nurse's arms. Having another nurse assist may not be an effective use of time. The overbed table should be reserved for client items. The nurse would want to place the reusable lines on the bed after the client has returned to the bed.

A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old who has just been admitted to the hospital due to a severe case of influenza. The child experiences a seizure. The nurse should suspect which as the most likely cause of the seizure? A. Epilepsy B. Intracranial hemorrhage C. Head trauma from a fall D. High fever

D. High fever Most seizures in children are caused by disorders that originate outside of the brain, such as high fever, infection, head trauma, toxins, or cardiac arrhythmias. Febrile seizures are the most common type during childhood and are usually benign. Moreover, we know from the scenario that the child likely has a fever due to having influenza. There is no indication that the child has epilepsy or has experienced head trauma from a fall or intracranial hemorrhage.

Where should the nurse roll soiled linens when removing them from an unoccupied bed? A. On the floor B. On the bedside table C. Inside the top sheet D. Inside the bottom sheet

D. Inside the bottom sheet The nurse should snugly roll all the soiled linen inside the bottom sheet and place it directly into the hamper to help prevent the spread of microorganisms. The floor is heavily contaminated, and soiled linens would further contaminate the furniture. Rolling the used lines inside the top sheet is not efficient.

The nurse is preparing to change the linens from the top to the bottom for a client who cannot be turned on the side. Which accurately describes a recommended step in this procedure when removing the soiled linens? A. Sit the client up and roll the soiled linens from the top of the bed until they meet the client's backside. B. Raise the client's legs and roll the linens from the bottom of the bed to the client's buttocks. C. Help the client to a supine position in the bed and pull the sheets from the top to the bottom of the bed. D. Keep the blanket in place over the client to provide privacy and remove the top sheet.

D. Keep the blanket in place over the client to provide privacy and remove the top sheet. To change the linens in an occupied bed when the client cannot be turned on the side, the nurse would first cover the client with a bath blanket and remove the top linens. Then, the nurse would help the client up to a sitting position in the bed (as tolerated), roll the soiled linens from the top of the bed until they meet the client's backside, and remove the soiled sheets by working them out from under the client down to the foot of the bed.

The nurse is caring for a client, after hip replacement, and receives a prescription to apply a pneumatic compression device. On what part of the body would the nurse place this device? A. Arms B. Chest C. Feet D. Legs

D. Legs A pneumatic compression device is placed on the client's legs to enhance blood flow and venous return in the legs.

A nurse is preparing to shampoo a client's hair while the client is in bed. Place the steps below in the order that the nurse would perform them? Use all the steps listed. A. Saturate the client's hair with water from the pitcher. B. Position a drain container underneath the drain of the shampoo board. C. Place the shampoo board under the client's head. D. Place a protective pad under the client's head and shoulders after removing the pillow. E. Put on gloves and give the client a folded washcloth to hold over the forehead. F. Fill the pitcher with water at an appropriate temperature.

D. Place a protective pad under the client's head and shoulders after removing the pillow. F. Fill the pitcher with water at an appropriate temperature. C. Place the shampoo board under the client's head. B. Position a drain container underneath the drain of the shampoo board. E. Put on gloves and give the client a folded washcloth to hold over the forehead. A. Saturate the client's hair with water from the pitcher. When shampooing a client's hair in bed, the nurse would remove the pillow and place a protective pad under the client's head and shoulders, fill the pitcher with comfortably warm water, have the client lift his or her head and place the shampoo board underneath the client's head. Then the nurse would place a drain container underneath the drain of the shampoo, put on gloves, have the client hold a folded washcloth at the forehead and finally pour a pitcher of warm water slowly over the client's head, making sure that all hair is saturated.

Proper application of a pneumatic compression device includes which step? A. Apply the sleeve tightly so that fingers cannot fit in between the tube and client's leg. B. Apply each sleeve with the cotton liner facing down. C. Wrap the tubing around client's bedrail to ensure that it stays in place. D. Place a sleeve under the client's leg with the tubing toward the heel.

D. Place a sleeve under the client's leg with the tubing toward the heel. Proper application of a pneumatic compression device includes placing a sleeve under the client's leg with the tubing toward the heel. The sleeve is applied properly when two fingers can fit in between the tube and client's leg. The tubing should not be wrapped around client's bedrail, but it should be free of kinks. The cotton liner of a pneumatic compression device is applied facing up.

The nurse is changing the linens on a client's bed. What is the nurse's primary objective for this nursing action? A. Prepare the client to receive visitors B. Tidy up the client's room C. Remove soiled linens D. Provide client comfort

D. Provide client comfort The main purpose for changing the linens on a client's bed is to provide client comfort. Tidying up the room, preparing for visitors, and removing soiled linens are also benefits of this action, but the main objective is to make the client comfortable and free of skin alterations due to wrinkled linens.

A nurse is shaving a male client's face. Which should the nurse do? A. Let the skin hang loose and shave in long downward strokes. B. Pull the skin taut and use short, upward strokes. C. Shave against the direction of hair growth, using short strokes. D. Pull the skin taut and shave in the direction of hair growth using short strokes.

D. Pull the skin taut and shave in the direction of hair growth using short strokes. The skin on the face is more sensitive and needs to be shaved with the direction of hair growth in short strokes to prevent discomfort. The skin should be pulled taut so that the razor can cut the hair more effectively.

When making an occupied bed, the nurse positions and tucks in the bottom linens on one side of the bed. What would be the nurse's next action? A. Remove the old linens out from under the client. B. Move to other side of bed. C. Push the client to the other side of the bed. D. Raise the side rail.

D. Raise the side rail. After tucking in the bottom linens on one side of the bed, the nurse would raise the side rail on that side and then assist the client to roll over the folded linen. The nurse would then reposition the pillow and bath blanket and move to the other side of the bed. The linens are loosened from both sides of the bed before they are removed.

The nurse is caring for a middle-aged adult who has been prescribed elbow restraints. The nurse observes that when the restraints are removed, the client cries and reports pain in the elbow. What is the best action by the nurse? A. Apply a padded dressing under the restraints. B. Reassess the client and consider a different type of restraints. C. Eliminate the use of restraints. D. Remove restraints more frequently and perform range of motion (ROM).

D. Remove restraints more frequently and perform range of motion (ROM). If a client cries or reports discomfort or pain when elbow restraints are removed, the nurse should remove the restraints more frequently and perform active or passive ROM. Eliminating the restraints would alleviate the client's pain only if the reason for which the restraints were prescribed has resolved. The nurse could reassess and consider another type of restraints, but it is better to continue with the type of restraints prescribed by the health care provider. A padded dressing will not alleviate the client's pain, because the restraints are already padded.

When performing perineal care for the male client, the nurse should be particularly gentle and avoid pressure when cleansing which area? A. Glans penis B. Shaft C. Meatus D. Scrotum

D. Scrotum When performing perineal care for a male client it is important that the nurse be particularly gentle and avoid pressure when handling the scrotum, because pressure on the scrotum may cause pain for the client. Gentle, but firm handling of the penis including the meatus, glans penis, and shaft reduces the chance of the client having an erection, which can be embarrassing for the client and the nurse.

The nurse must apply a mummy restraint to a small child. Place the steps in the correct order. Use all options. A. Fold the lower part of the blanket up and pull over the child's body. B. Secure the blanket under the right side of the child's body. C. Explain the reason for use to the client and family. D. Secure a prescription from the health care provider. E. Position the child's right arm alongside the body and pull the right side of the blanket tightly over the child's right shoulder and chest. F. Open the blanket or sheet and place the child on the blanket.

D. Secure a prescription from the health care provider. C. Explain the reason for use to the client and family. F. Open the blanket or sheet and place the child on the blanket. E. Position the child's right arm alongside the body and pull the right side of the blanket tightly over the child's right shoulder and chest. B. Secure the blanket under the right side of the child's body. A. Fold the lower part of the blanket up and pull over the child's body. The correct order of steps is: 1) Secure a prescription from the health care provider; 2) Explain the reason for use to the client and family; 3) Open the blanket or sheet and place the child on the blanket; 4) Position the child's right arm alongside the body and pull the right side of the blanket tightly over the child's right shoulder and chest; 5) Secure the blanket under the right side of the child's body; 6) Fold the lower part of the blanket up and pull over the child's body.

A toddler is to undergo a procedure for which the child needs to be restrained with a mummy restraint. The procedure is expected to take about 10 minutes. Which approach might the nurse suggest as an alternative to using a mummy restraint? A. Mitt restraints B. Vest restraint C. Straddling the child D. Therapeutic holding

D. Therapeutic holding An alternative approach for temporary restraint is therapeutic holding, which makes use of a secure, comfortable, temporary holding position that provides close physical contact with the parent or caregiver for 30 minutes or less. A vest or mitt restraint would not be an alternative to a mummy restraint. Straddling the child would be inappropriate.

A nurse is explaining to a client's caregiver the purpose of antiembolism stockings, which the client has received a prescription to wear. Which best explains their purpose? A. They eliminate peripheral edema. B. They reduce the risk for impaired skin integrity. C. They provide a nonslip foot surface to help prevent falls. D. They promote venous blood return to the heart.

D. They promote venous blood return to the heart. By applying pressure, antiembolism stockings increase the velocity of blood flow in the superficial and deep veins. The purpose is not to treat edema, but to promote blood return to the heart. They have a smooth surface and can increase the risk for falls. They can increase the risk for impaired skin integrity if not applied correctly.

The nurse applies a gait belt to a client prior to ambulation. For what reason might the nurse use a gait belt when ambulating certain clients? A. To provide added weight for increased client exercise and endurance. B. To provide them with a better center of gravity. C. To increase the client's activity tolerance. D. To improve grasp and help provide more stability and balance.

D. To improve grasp and help provide more stability and balance. A gait belt helps to improve the nurse's grasp and help provide stability and balance. It does not help with center of gravity. It is not used as a weight for added exercise. A gait belt alone does not increase the client's activity tolerance.

Which describes an accurate step taken by the nurse when applying a pneumatic compression device on a client? A. Place the sleeve on top of the client's leg with the tubing toward the heel. B. Put on sterile gloves and remove the sleeves from the packaging. C. For knee-high sleeves, place the end of the sleeve above the back of the ankle. D. Unfold the sleeves and place them on the bed with the inner lining facing up.

D. Unfold the sleeves and place them on the bed with the inner lining facing up. When applying pneumatic compression device sleeves, the nurse would remove the sleeves from the packaging (sterile gloves are not used), unfold the sleeves and place them on the bed with the inner lining facing up, place the sleeves under the client's legs with the tubing toward the heel, and place the end of the knee-high sleeve above the back of the ankle.

The client is 1 day postsurgery with a figure-eight bandage in place after an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of a left wrist fracture. How often should the nurse check the neurovascular status of the left wrist and hand? A. every 2 hours B. every 30 minutes C. every 60 minutes D. every 4 hours

D. every 4 hours The distal neurovascular status should be checked at least every 4 hours while a figure-eight bandage is in place. This includes capillary refill, pulses, movement, skin integrity and skin temperature. Status can be checked more frequently based on client condition or facility policy.

A nurse is caring for a client at risk for falls who does not have access to an activated bed or chair alarm. How often should the nurse assess this client? A. every 4 hours B. every 2 hours C. every 30 minutes D. every 60 minutes

D. every 60 minutes If a client who is at high risk for falls has no access to an activated bed or chair alarm, a nurse should observe the client every 60 minutes. Unless the client is on one-to-one observation, every 30 minutes is too frequent. Once a shift, or at 2- or 4-hour intervals, is too infrequent.

The client has decreased strength in the left leg. How should the nurse instruct the client to hold a cane for assistance? A. on the left side B. toward the back C. toward the front D. on the right side

D. on the right side The cane should be held in the hand opposite of the weakened leg.

The nurse should document the time, date, and location of the figure-eight bandage when applied or changed in the nursing record. What other information should the nurse record in the procedure documentation? A. informed consent B. medication allergies C. client position D. size of bandage

D. size of bandage The nurse should record the size of the bandage. Medication allergies should be recorded elsewhere in the record and not necessary with this procedure. Client position upon leaving the room such as extremity elevated, in bed, or in chair could be documented, but size of dressing is more important for procedure. This procedure does not require informed consent. Verbal consent and agreeing to the dressing change/application is sufficient for this non-invasive procedure.

The nurse is caring for a client in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) who has just undergone a third foot surgery. Which gate is best for the nurse to teach this client? A. four-point gait B. two-point gait C. three-point gait D. swing-to gait

D. swing-to gait The swing-to gait utilizes the client swinging both legs to the crutch position in front of them. This eliminates the client bearing all the weight on the affect foot. The four-point gait utilizes "four" legs; one crutch, then one leg, the other crutch, and then the other leg. The two-point gait utilizes "two" legs; one crutch and the opposite leg move together, then the other crutch and opposite leg move together. The three-point gait utilizes "three" legs; both crutches and the affected leg at the same time, then followed by the unaffected leg.

The nurse is performing perineal care for a male client. What part of the perineum would the nurse clean first? A. base of the penis B. scrotum C. anal area D. tip of the penis

D. tip of the penis The nurse would always clean from the least contaminated area to the most contaminated area. The nurse would clean the tip of the penis first, from the meatus outward, washing the shaft of the penis using downward strokes toward the pubic area. The scrotum would be cleaned next, followed by the anal area.

The nurse is preparing to administer a waist restraint to a client in a wheelchair. Which method of securing the restraint is appropriate? A. tying the restraint to the side rail of the chair B. tying the restraint under the chair C. tying the restraint in front of the chair D. tying the restraint behind the chair

D. tying the restraint behind the chair The nurse should run the restraint under the arm rests and tie it behind the chair. Tying the restraint out of the client's reach promotes security. Tying the restraint to the side rail or in the front of the chair would allow the client to untie the restraint. Tying the restraint under the chair would not provide the nurse with swift access to the quick-release knot.