3303 Fundmental Lecture Mastery Level Questions Ch 39, 40

The nurse is caring for a client who will be undergoing surgery in several weeks. The client states, "I would like to give my own blood to be used in case I need it during surgery." What is the appropriate nursing response? a. "Let me refer you to the blood bank so they can provide you with information." b. "We now have artificial blood products, so giving your own blood is not necessary." c. "Unfortunately, your own blood cannot be reinfused during surgery." d. "This surgery has a very low chance of hemorrhage, so you will not need blood."

a. "Let me refer you to the blood bank so they can provide you with information."

The nurse is teaching a nursing student how to record strict I&O for a client who wears adult absorbent undergarments. Which nursing teaching is appropriate? a. "Weigh the wet undergarment, subtract the weight of a similar dry item, and fluid loss is based on the equivalent of 1 lb (0.47 kg) = 1 pint (475 mL)." b. :If the undergarment is soiled, document this fact but do not estimate its contents." c. "We do not record fluids absorbed into undergarments." d. "You only record urine output in an adult undergarment; you do not record diarrhea output."

a. "Weigh the wet undergarment, subtract the weight of a similar dry item, and fluid loss is based on the equivalent of 1 lb (0.47 kg) = 1 pint (475 mL)."

A client is learning how to do diaphragmatic breathing. For which length of time will the nurse advise the client to rest between repetitions of the exercise? a. 2 minutes b. 4 minutes c. 30 seconds d. 1 minute

a. 2 minutes

A client is reporting slight shortness of breath and lung auscultation reveals the presence of bilateral coarse crackles. The client's SaO2 is 90% on pulse oximetry. The nurse has applied supplementary oxygen by nasal cannula, recognizing that the flow rate by this method should not exceed: a. 6 L/minute. b. 4 L/minute. c. 1 L/minute. d. 10 L/minute.

a. 6 L/minute.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a compromised cardiopulmonary system and needs to assess the client's tissue oxygenation. The nurse would use which appropriate method to assess this client's oxygenation? a. Arterial blood gas b. Pulmonary function c. Hemoglobin levels d. Hematocrit values

a. Arterial blood gas

A nurse is reading a journal article about pollutants and their effect on an individual's respiratory function. Which problem would the nurse most likely identify as an effect of exposure to automobile pollutants? a. Bronchitis b. Croup c. Bronchiectasis d. Atelectasis

a. Bronchitis

A client with a diagnosis of advanced Alzheimer disease is unable to follow directions required to use an inhaled bronchodilator. Which medication delivery system is most appropriate for this client? a. Nebulizer b. Dry powder inhaler c. Metered-dose inhaler with spacer d. Metered-dose inhaler without spacer

a. Nebulizer

Which diagnostic procedure measures lung size and airway patency, producing graphic representations of lung volumes and flows? a. Pulmonary function tests b. Skin tests c. Chest x-ray d. Bronchoscopy

a. Pulmonary function tests

When caring for a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse would perform which recommended action? a. Suction the tracheostomy tube using sterile technique. b. Assess a newly inserted tracheostomy every 3 to 4 hours. c. Use gauze dressings over the tracheostomy that are filled with cotton. d. Clean the wound around the tube and inner cannula at least every 24 hours.

a. Suction the tracheostomy tube using sterile technique.

After insertion of a chest tube, fluctuations in the water-seal chamber that correspond with inspiration and expiration are an expected and normal finding. a. True b. False

a. True

The nurse is educating a client with hypokalemia on why it is important to maintain potassium balance. Which does the nurse include in the teaching? a. cardiac function b. skeletal function c. auditory function d. optic function

a. cardiac function

To drain the apical sections of the upper lobes of the lungs, the nurse should place the client in which position? a. high-Fowler's position b. left side with a pillow under the chest wall c. side-lying position, half on the abdomen and half on the side d. Trendelenburg position

a. high-Fowler's position

A nurse is caring for an asthmatic client who requires a low concentration of oxygen. Which delivery device should the nurse use in order to administer oxygen to the client? a. nasal cannula b. face tent c. nonrebreather mask d. simple mask

a. nasal cannula

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the area. These signs and symptoms are indicative of: a. phlebitis. b. an infiltration. c. rapid fluid administration. d. a systemic blood infection.

a. phlebitis.

A student nurse is selecting a venipuncture site for an adult client. Which action by the student would cause the nurse to intervene? a. placing the tourniquet on the upper arm for 2 minutes b. asking the client to pump their fist several times c. palpating the veins on the nondominant hand d. asking if the client is right or left handed

a. placing the tourniquet on the upper arm for 2 minutes

A client returns to the telemetry unit after an operative procedure. Which diagnostic test will the nurse perform to monitor the effectiveness of the oxygen therapy ordered for the client? a. pulse oximetry b. spirometry c. peak expiratory flow rate d. thoracentesis

a. pulse oximetry

When reviewing data collection on a client with a cardiac output of 2.5 liter/minute, the nurse inspects the client for which symptom? a. rapid respirations b. strong, rapid pulse c. weight loss d. increased urine output

a. rapid respirations

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of: a. renin. b. thrombus. c. insulin. d. protein.

a. renin.

The nurse is teaching the client with a pulmonary disorder about deep breathing. The client asks, "Why is it important to start by breathing through my nose, then exhaling through my mouth?" Which appropriate response would the nurse give this client? a. "If you breathe through the mouth first, you will swallow germs into your stomach." b. "Breathing through your nose first will warm, filter, and humidify the air you are breathing." c. "We are concerned about you developing a snoring habit, so we encourage nasal breathing first." d. "Breathing through your nose first encourages you to sit up straighter to increase expansion of the lungs during inhalation."

b. "Breathing through your nose first will warm, filter, and humidify the air you are breathing."

A child is admitted to the pediatric division with an acute asthma attack. The nurse assesses the lung sounds and respiratory rate. The mother asks the nurse, "Why is his chest sucking in above his stomach? The nurse's most accurate response is: a. "He will require additional testing to determine the cause." b. "He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe." c. "His lung muscles are swollen so he is using abdominal muscles." d. "His infection is causing him to breathe harder."

b. "He is using his chest muscles to help him breathe."

The nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which teaching about deep breathing will the nurse include? a. "Take in a little air over 10 seconds, hold your breath 15 seconds, and exhale slowly." b. "Inhale slowly over three seconds, purse your lips, contract abdominal muscles, and exhale slowly." c. "Take in a large volume of air over 5 seconds and hold your breath as long as you can before exhaling." d. "Take in a small amount of air very quickly and then exhale as quickly as possible."

b. "Inhale slowly over three seconds, purse your lips, contract abdominal muscles, and exhale slowly."

A nurse assessing a client's respiratory effort notes that the client's breaths are shallow and 8 per minute. Shortly after, the client's respirations cease. Which form of oxygen delivery should the nurse use for this client? a. Nasal cannula b. Ambu bag c. Oxygen tent d. Oxygen mask

b. Ambu bag

A client is admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath, cyanosis and an oxygen saturation of 82% (0.82) on room air. Which action should the nurse implement first? a. Assist with intubation b. Apply oxygen as prescribed c. Educate client on incentive spirometry d. Raise the head of the bed

b. Apply oxygen as prescribed

The nurse assesses a client and detects the following findings: difficulty breathing, increased respiratory and pulse rates, and pale skin with regions of cyanosis. What condition would the nurse suspect as causing these respiratory alterations? a. Hyperventilation b. Hypoxia c. Perfusion d. Atelectasis

b. Hypoxia

When providing chemotherapeutic agents, which catheter is accessed with a non-coring needle? a. Hickman catheter b. Implanted venous access catheter c. Peripheral central catheter d. Groshong catheter

b. Implanted venous access catheter

The nurse is suctioning a client's tracheostomy when the tracheostomy becomes dislodged and the nurse is unable to replace it easily. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? a. Cover the tracheostomy stoma and apply oxygen by nasal cannula b. Maintain the client's oxygenation and alert the health care provider immediately. c. Page the respiratory therapist STAT. d. Assess the client's respiratory status and check vital signs every 1 minute for the next hour.

b. Maintain the client's oxygenation and alert the health care provider immediately.

A client vomits as a nurse is inserting his oropharyngeal airway. What would be the most appropriate intervention in this situation? a. Leave the airway in place and promptly notify the health care provider for further instructions. b. Remove the airway, turn the client to the side, and provide mouth suction, if necessary. c. Immediately remove the airway, rinse the client's mouth with sterile water, and report this to the health care provider. d. Suction the client's mouth through the oropharyngeal airway to prevent aspiration.

b. Remove the airway, turn the client to the side, and provide mouth suction, if necessary.

The nurse schedules a pulmonary function test to measure the amount of air left in a client's lungs at maximal expiration. What test does the nurse order? a. Total lung capacity (TLC) b. Residual Volume (RV) c. Tidal volume (TV) d. Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)

b. Residual Volume (RV)

The nurse is auscultating the lungs of a client and detects normal vesicular breath sounds. What is a characteristic of vesicular breath sounds? a. They are loud, high-pitched sounds heard primarily over the trachea and larynx. b. They are low-pitched, soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields. c. They are soft, high-pitched discontinuous (intermittent) popping lung sounds. d. They are medium-pitched blowing sounds heard over the major bronchi.

b. They are low-pitched, soft sounds heard over peripheral lung fields.

Which guideline is recommended for determining suction catheter depth when suctioning an endotracheal tube? a. Using a spare endotracheal tube of the same size as being used for the client, insert the suction catheter halfway to the end of the tube and note the length of catheter used to reach this point. b. Using a suction catheter with centimeter increments on it, insert the suction catheter into the endotracheal tube until the centimeter markings on both the endotracheal tube and catheter align, and insert the suction catheter no further than an additional 1 cm. c. Combine the length of the endotracheal tube and any adapter being used, and add an additional 2 cm. d. For a closed system, combine the length of the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and any adapter being used, and add an additional 3 cm.

b. Using a suction catheter with centimeter increments on it, insert the suction catheter into the endotracheal tube until the centimeter markings on both the endotracheal tube and catheter align, and insert the suction catheter no further than an additional 1 cm.

During data collection, the nurse auscultates low-pitched, soft sounds over the lungs' peripheral fields. Which appropriate terminology would the nurse use to describe these lung sounds when documenting? a. Bronchial b. Vesicular c. Bronchovesicular d. Crackles

b. Vesicular

Which is a common anion? a. magnesium b. chloride c. potassium d. calcium

b. chloride

The nurse is implementing an order for oxygen for a client with facial burns. Which delivery device will the nurse gather? a. tracheostomy collar b. face tent c. nasal cannula d. simple mask

b. face tent

The nurse is preparing to provide hygiene care to a client with hypoxia. Into what position will the nurse place the client? a. prone b. high Fowlers c. supine d. Trendelenburg

b. high Fowlers

The nurse is performing a check with an oxygen analyzer. Which oxygen analyzer assessment finding indicates that the device is working properly? a. reads 0.19 when positioned near oxygen device b. reads 0.21 when checking oxygen in room air c. reads 0.25 when checking oxygen in room air d. reads 0.20 when positioned near oxygen device

b. reads 0.21 when checking oxygen in room air

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as: a. volume expander. b. total parenteral nutrition. c. blood transfusion therapy. d. cellular hydration.

b. total parenteral nutrition.

The nurse is caring for a client who will be undergoing surgery in several weeks. The client states, "I would like to give my own blood to be used in case I need it during surgery." What is the appropriate nursing response? a. "Unfortunately, your own blood cannot be reinfused during surgery." b. "We now have artificial blood products, so giving your own blood is not necessary." c. "Let me refer you to the blood bank so they can provide you with information." d. "This surgery has a very low chance of hemorrhage, so you will not need blood."

c. "Let me refer you to the blood bank so they can provide you with information."

A client who uses portable home oxygen states, "I still like to smoke cigarettes every now and then." What is the appropriate nursing response? a. "An occasional cigarette will not hurt you." b. "I understand; I used to be a smoker also." c. "you should never smoke when oxygen is in use." d. "Oxygen is a flammable gas."

c. "you should never smoke when oxygen is in use."

A client has been diagnosed with a gastrointestinal bleed and the health care provider has ordered a transfusion. At what rate should the nurse administer the client's packed red blood cells? a. 200 mL/hr b. As fast as the client can tolerate c. 1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours d. 75 mL/hr for the first 15 minutes, then 200 mL/hr

c. 1 unit over 2 to 3 hours, no longer than 4 hours

A nurse is delivering 3 L/min oxygen to a client via nasal cannula. What percentage of delivered oxygen is the client receiving? a. 28% b. 47% c. 32% d. 23%

c. 32%

A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs? a. A peripheral venous catheter inserted to the cephalic vein b. A peripheral venous catheter inserted to the antecubital fossa c. An implanted central venous access device (CVAD) d. A midline peripheral catheter

c. An implanted central venous access device (CVAD)

A client who was prescribed CPAP reports nonadherence to treatment. What is the priority nursing intervention? a. Explain the use of a BiPAP mask instead of a CPAP mask. b. Document outcomes of modifications in care. c. Ask the client what factors contribute to nonadherence. d. Contact the health care provider to report the client's current status.

c. Ask the client what factors contribute to nonadherence.

The nurse is caring for a client who is wearing oxygen via nasal cannula. The client asks about the bubbling water attached to the oxygen. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? a. It prescribes oxygen concentration. b. It determines whether you are getting enough oxygen. c. It decreases dry mucous membranes by delivering small water droplets. d. It regulates the amount of oxygen received.

c. It decreases dry mucous membranes by delivering small water droplets.

A client has the following arterial blood gas results:pH: 7.33PaCO2: 42 mm HgHCO3: 19 mEq/L (19 mmol/L)PaO2: 95 mm HgWhich imbalance would the nurse suspect? a. Metabolic alkalosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory acidosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

A client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of intractable vomiting for 3 days. What acid-base imbalance related to the loss of stomach acid does the nurse observe on the arterial blood gas (ABG)? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic alkalosis d. Respiratory acidosis

c. Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is administering intravenous (IV) therapy to a client. The nurse notices acute tenderness, redness, warmth, and slight edema of the vein above the insertion site. Which complication related to IV therapy should the nurse most suspect? a. Air embolism b. Infiltration c. Phlebitis d. Sepsis

c. Phlebitis

The nurse is caring for a client receiving intravenous fluids through a peripheral intravenous catheter (IV). On rounds, the nurse notes that the client's IV site and arm are swollen and cool to the touch. Based on these assessment findings, what will the nurse do next? a. Place a warm compress over the swollen site. b. Elevate the swollen extremity on a pillow. c. Remove the peripheral intravenous catheter. d. Decrease the rate of the intravenous fluids.

c. Remove the peripheral intravenous catheter.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a prescription for meperidine 75 mg intramuscularly (IM) every 4 hours as needed for pain. Before and after administering meperidine, the nurse would assess which most important sign? a. Urinary intake and output b. Apical pulse c. Respiratory rate and depth d. Orthostatic blood pressure

c. Respiratory rate and depth

The air quality index has rated it a red air quality day in the city. Which information will the nurse share with the client about promoting effective respiratory self-care? a. Avoid exposure to large crowds. b. Practice good hand hygiene. c. Stay indoors as much as possible. d. Cut down on smoking.

c. Stay indoors as much as possible.

A nurse takes a client's pulse oximetry reading and finds that it is normal. What does this finding indicate? a. The client's oxygen demands are being met. b. The client's red blood cell (RBC) count is in the normal range. c. The client's available hemoglobin is adequately saturated with oxygen. d. The client's respiratory rate is in the normal range.

c. The client's available hemoglobin is adequately saturated with oxygen.

A nurse is admitting a 6-year-old child after a tonsillectomy to the surgical unit. The nurse obtains the client's weight and places electrocardiogram (EKG) leads on the chest and a pulse oximeter on the left finger. The client's heart rate reads 100 bpm and the pulse oximeter reads 99%. These readings best indicate: a. heart failure. b. high cardiac output. c. adequate tissue perfusion. d. diminished stroke volume.

c. adequate tissue perfusion.

A woman comes to the emergency room with her 2-year-old son. She states he woke up and had a loud barking cough. The child is suffering from: a. pulmonary fibrosis. b. atelectasis. c. croup. d. asthma.

c. croup.

An older adult client is visibly pale with a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. Upon questioning, the client states to the nurse, "I can't seem to catch my breath." The nurse has responded by repositioning the client and measuring the client's oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry, yielding a reading of 90%. The nurse should interpret this oxygen saturation reading in light of the client's: a. sodium and potassium levels. b. blood pH. c. hemoglobin level. d. age.

c. hemoglobin level.

The nurse is caring for a client who is diagnosed with Impaired Gas Exchange. While performing a physical assessment of the client, which data is the nurse likely to find, keeping in mind the client's diagnosis? a. low blood pressure b. high temperature c. high respiratory rate d. low pulse rate

c. high respiratory rate

The nurse is caring for a client with respiratory alkalosis. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding? a. pH less than 7.35; HCO3 high; PaCO2 high b. pH less than 7.35; HCO3 low; PaCO2 low c. pH greater than 7.45; HCO3 low; PaCO2 low; hyperventilation d. pH greater than 7.45; HCO3 high; PaCO2 high

c. pH greater than 7.45; HCO3 low; PaCO2 low; hyperventilation

The nurse educator is presenting a lecture on emphysema with the aid of balloons. Which responses, if given by the nursing staff, would indicate to the educator that further teaching is needed? Select all that apply. a. "The lungs in emphysema, unlike a used balloon, are stiff and noncompliant." b. "Balloons represent compliancy; the new balloons are difficult to expand, as in emphysema, leading to decreased compliancy." c. "The extra effort it takes to blow up a new balloon can explain why the client with emphysema is short of breath." d. "Emphysema, like a new balloon, takes less effort to empty air out of the alveoli." e. "Respirations of the client with emphysema can be compared to a balloon that has been blown up before."

d. "Emphysema, like a new balloon, takes less effort to empty air out of the alveoli." e. "Respirations of the client with emphysema can be compared to a balloon that has been blown up before."

The obstetric nurse is assisting the birth of a preterm neonate. In preparing for the respiratory needs of the neonate, the nurse is aware that surfactant is formed in utero around: a. 36 to 38 weeks. b. 32 to 34 weeks. c. 30 to 32 weeks. d. 34 to 36 weeks.

d. 34 to 36 weeks.

A health care provider orders a bolus infusion of 250 mL of normal saline to run over 1 hour. The set delivers 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in gtt/min? a. 167 gtt/min b. 42 gtt/min c. 5,000 gtt/min d. 83 gtt/min

d. 83 gtt/min

In which client should the nurse prioritize assessments for respiratory depression? a. A client taking a beta-adrenergic blocker for hypertension b. A client taking insulin for type 1 diabetes c. A client taking antibiotics for a urinary tract infection d. A client taking opioids for cancer pain

d. A client taking opioids for cancer pain

The nurse is providing an educational demonstration to an older, postsurgical client. The intervention is intended to minimize the effect of what age-related change specifically relevant to such a client? a. A decrease in cardiac output related to progressive atherosclerosis b. A decrease in the ability to respond to stress related to ineffective cardiac muscle function c. A decrease in gas exchange and an increase in the work of beathing related to decreased elastic recoil of the lungs d. A decrease in ventilation and an ineffective cough related less air exchange, more excretions remaining in the lungs

d. A decrease in ventilation and an ineffective cough related less air exchange, more excretions remaining in the lungs

The nurse is assessing the vital signs of clients in a community health care facility. Which client respiratory results should the nurse report to the health care provider? a. A 70-year-old with a respiratory rate of 18 bpm b. A 4-year-old with a respiratory rate of 32 bpm c. A 12-year-old with a respiratory rate of 20 bpm d. An infant with a respiratory rate of 16 bpm

d. An infant with a respiratory rate of 16 bpm

A nurse using a pulse oximeter to measure a client's SpO2 obtains a reading of 95%. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? a. Encourage the client to do deep-breathing exercises. b. Raise the head of the client's bed slightly, if tolerated. c. Review the medications that the client has taken in the past 90 minutes. d. Document this expected assessment finding.

d. Document this expected assessment finding.

Which dietary guideline would be appropriate for the older adult homebound client with advanced respiratory disease who informs the nurse that she has no energy to eat? a. Eat one large meal at noon. b. Snack on high-carbohydrate foods frequently. c. Contact the health care provider for nutrition shake. d. Eat smaller meals that are high in protein.

d. Eat smaller meals that are high in protein.

The nurse is caring for a client whose blood type is B negative. Which donor blood type does the nurse confirm as compatible for this client? a. B positive b. AB negative c. A positive d. O negative

d. O negative

A client is admitted to the emergency department with shortness of breath and oxygen saturation of 88%. The client has a barrel chest and clubbed fingers. What is the nurse's priority intervention? a. Ambulate the client b. Teach the client deep-breathing exercises c. Assist the client with incentive spirometer d. Place client in the tripod position

d. Place client in the tripod position

The nurse is observing the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) perform oropharyngeal suctioning on a client. Which action, performed by the UAP, would indicate to the nurse that suctioning is being properly performed? a. The UAP advances the catheter approximately 5 to 6 inches to reach the pharynx. b. The UAP allows 30-second to 1-minute intervals between suctioning passes. c. The UAP applies lubricant to the first 2 to 3 inches of the catheter. d. The UAP advances the catheter approximately 3 to 4 inches to reach the pharynx.

d. The UAP advances the catheter approximately 3 to 4 inches to reach the pharynx.

A new graduate nurse is performing a focused respiratory assessment. The nurse preceptor will intervene if which action by the graduate nurse is noted? a. The graduate nurse attaches a pulse oximeter to the client's index finger. b. The graduate nurse palpates the point of maximal impulse (PMI). c. The graduate nurse explains the assessment procedure before performing it. d. The graduate nurse auscultates breath sounds as the client breathes through the nose.

d. The graduate nurse auscultates breath sounds as the client breathes through the nose.

What is the priority goal for the activity in which the nurse is engaging, related to the administration of a prescribed IV solution? a. To assure effective administration of the prescribed IV solution b. To provide for effective time management in the administration of the prescribed IV solution c. To demonstrate effective nursing care in the administration of the prescribed IV solution d. To assure the IV solution is appropriate for this administration

d. To assure the IV solution is appropriate for this administration

A nurse assessing a client's respiratory status gets a weak signal from the pulse oximeter. The client's other vital signs are within reference ranges. What is the nurse's best action? a. Use a blood pressure cuff to increase circulation to the site. b. Place the probe on the client's earlobe. c. Shine available light on the equipment to facilitate accurate reading. d. Warm the client's hands and try again.

d. Warm the client's hands and try again.

The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first? a. a 60-year-old who is 3 days post-myocardial infarction and has been stable. b. a 20-year-old, 2 days postoperative open appendectomy who refuses to ambulate today c. a 47-year-old who had a colon resection yesterday and is reporting pain d. a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools

d. a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor? a. increased intracranial pressure (ICP) b. metabolic acidosis c. muscle weakness d. cardiac irregularities

d. cardiac irregularities

The nurse auscultates a client with soft, high-pitched popping breath sounds on inspiration. The nurse documents the breath sounds heard as: a. wheezes. b. bronchovesicular. c. vesicular. d. crackles.

d. crackles.

A client who is NPO prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor? a. increased blood volume and intracellular dehydration b. increased blood volume and extracellular overhydration c. decreased blood volume and extracellular overhydration d. decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

d. decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

Edema happens when there is which fluid volume imbalance? a. water excess b. extracellular fluid volume excess c. water deficit d. extracellular fluid volume deficit

d. extracellular fluid volume deficit

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths/min. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding? a. pH: 7.32; PaCO2: 26 mm Hg (3.46 kPa); HCO3: 18 mEq/l (18 mmol/l) b. pH: 7.32; PaCO2: 28 mm Hg (3.72kPa); HCO3: 24 mEq/l (24 mmol/l) c. pH: 7.28; PaCO2: 52 mm Hg (6.92 kPa); HCO3: 32 mEq/l (32 mmol/l) d. pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)

d. pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64 mm Hg (8.51 kPa); HCO3: 42 mEq/l (42 mmol/l)

While auscultating a client's chest, the nurse auscultates crackles in the lower lung bases. What condition does the nurse identify the client is experiencing? a. inflammation of pleural surfaces b. air passing through narrowed airways c. presence of sputum in the trachea d. presence of fluid in the lungs

d. presence of fluid in the lungs

The primary extracellular electrolytes are: a. magnesium, sulfate, and carbon. b. potassium, phosphate, and sulfate. c. phosphorous, calcium, and phosphate. d. sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.

d. sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate.