341 Ch 15

The nurse is discussing infection control with the parents of an immunocompromised child. Which causative factors should be presented as the most effective means to prevent infection? Handwashing Cleaning all equipment between uses Use of hand sanitizer before eating Use of aseptic techniques for procedures performed on the child

Handwashing

A nurse practitioner suspects that a child has scarlet fever based on which assessment finding? An enanthematous rash White exudate on the tonsils Severity of the sore throat Red, strawberry tongue

Red, strawberry tongue

What information should be included in the teaching plan for a child with varicella? Administer aspirin for fever. Remind the child not to scratch the lesions. Utilize salt solutions to assist in healing oral lesions. Place the child in a warm bath for skin discomfort.

Remind the child not to scratch the lesions.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for parents about common childhood infectious diseases. What conditions would the nurse include as being caused by a tick bite? Select all that apply. Ascariasis Psittacosis Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lyme disease Scabies

Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lyme disease

The nurse is discussing fever with the parents of a child who is in the emergency department with a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit. Which statement by a parent indicates an understanding about fevers and their management in the ill child? "Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or virus that may be causing the infection." "We've had to wake him up in the night to give him more medicine to reduce his temperature." "My wife and I have been using cold water and washcloths on him because of the fever." "We've been giving him a little extra acetaminophen to help bring his fever down."

"Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or virus that may be causing the infection."

The parents ask the nurse how to prevent their child from becoming sick. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Remind your child to cover the mouth when coughing." "A daily multi-vitamin will boost the immune system." "Clean your bathroom and kitchen when they look dirty." "Handwashing is an effective way to prevent infection."

"Handwashing is an effective way to prevent infection."

The nurse is caring for a child admitted to the hospital for sepsis. Which assessment finding is the most concerning? apical heart rate 120 beats per minute oral temperature 102.3°F (39°C) urine output of 10 ml over 3 hours white blood cell count 18,000/mm3

urine output of 10 ml over 3 hours

When providing care for a child with herpes zoster (shingles), the parents ask the nurse how the child contracted this infectious disorder. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? "Children who are immunocompromised are more likely to contract shingles." "Handwashing is an effective way to prevent the spread of infectious disorders." "Herpes zoster is a reactivation of a previous varicella zoster infection." "Your child must have been exposed to someone with herpes zoster."

"Herpes zoster is a reactivation of a previous varicella zoster infection."

The nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with hand-foot-mouth disease. When educating the family about this disease, which education by the nurse is most important? "You can give acetaminophen every 4 to 6 hours for pain." "The lesions should disappear in a few days without scarring." "Make sure your child drinks plenty of nonirritating fluid." "Hand-foot-mouth disease is associated with a high fever."

"Make sure your child drinks plenty of nonirritating fluid."

The parents of a 4-month-old diagnosed with sepsis tell the nurse that the physician explained sepsis to them but they don't really understand it. The parents state, "Could you please explain it to us?" What is the best response by the nurse? "The infection your child has causes the release of toxins into the system, which can lead to impaired function in the lungs, liver, and kidneys." "The pathogens cause an overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. These cytokines are responsible for the clinically observable effects of the sepsis." "Sepsis results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to infection." "The pathophysiology of sepsis is complex."

"The infection your child has causes the release of toxins into the system, which can lead to impaired function in the lungs, liver, and kidneys."

The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child with varicella. Which statement indicates that the parents have understood the instructions? "If he has a fever, we can give him some aspirin." "We should apply alcohol to the lesions every four hours." "We need to make sure that he washes his hands frequently." "The lesions should eventually form soft crusts that drain."

"We need to make sure that he washes his hands frequently."

The nurse is teaching a group of parents about head lice. Which statement is essential to include during the presentation? Head lice are becoming very resistant to treatment. Wash the bed linens in hot water to kill the lice. Discourage the child from going to sleepovers. If you suspect head lice, have the school nurse check the child.

Head lice are becoming very resistant to treatment.

Nursing students are learning about the infectious process. They correctly identify the first stage of an infectious disease to be which period? Illness period Convalescent period Incubation period Prodromal period

Incubation period

A child is brought to the clinic with fever, cough, and coryza. The nurse inspects the child's mouth and observes what look like tiny grains of white sand with red rings. How would the nurse document these findings? Slapped cheek appearance Koplik spots Lymphadenopathy Nits

Koplik spots

The nurse is caring for an adolescent diagnosed with genital herpes. The drug of choice for treating genital herpes is: Acyclovir Penicillin Ceftriaxone Griseofluvin

Acyclovir

A 16-year-old is seen in the emergency department with symptoms including a high fever, chills, headache, nausea and vomiting, and painful joints. During the nursing history the teenager reports recently returning from a trip to a rain forest in South America. What infectious disease does the nurse suspect the client has contracted? Rabies Malaria Anaplasmosis West Nile disease

Malaria

A group of nursing students are reviewing the functions of white blood cells. The students demonstrate an understanding of the information when they identify which white blood cell as responsible for combating allergic disorders? neutrophils monocytes eosinophils lymphocytes

eosinophils

The nurse is caring for a child admitted to the pediatric medical unit with chickenpox who has infected vesicles. What personal protective equipment should the nurse use when measuring the child's vital signs? Gown Gloves Eye wear Face mask N95 respirator

Gown Gloves Face mask N95 respirator

A nursing instructor is teaching the students about the standard and transmission-based precautions. What type of precautions require placing a client in an isolated room with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the client and all body fluids or contaminated items, wearing two layers of protective clothing, and avoiding sharing equipment between clients? Standard precautions Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precautions

Contact precautions

A young child who has been reporting fatigue and having a low-grade fever for 4 days begins to have pustules over the entire body. The health care provider diagnoses chickenpox. When considering transmission to others, during which period would the nurse assess? During the prodromal period During the convalescent period During the incubation period During the predisease period

During the prodromal period

The mother of a 10-year-old child diagnosed with rubella asks what can be done to help her child feel better during her illness. What information can be provided? Antiviral medications can be prescribed. Encourage rest and relaxation. Antibiotic therapy may be initiated. Range of motion to prevent contractures.

Encourage rest and relaxation.

The nurse is preparing to administer acetaminophen to a 4-year-old child to provide comfort. Which precaution is specific to antipyretics? Take entire course of medication Warn of possible drowsiness Ensure proper dose and interval Check for medicine allergies

Ensure proper dose and interval

A child is brought to the emergency department by his parents. The parents report that he stepped on a rusty nail about a week and a half ago. The child is complaining of cramping in his jaw and some difficulty swallowing. The nurse suspects tetanus. When assessing the child, the nurse would be alert to which muscle groups being affected next? Arms Legs Neck Stomach

Neck

The nurse is assessing a child who presents with a history of fever, malaise, fatigue, and headache. The nurse notes a bulls-eye rash on the child's right leg. Which action will the nurse take? Notify the primary health care provider. Place the child on contact precautions. Obtain an electrocardiography (ECG). Clean the rash with rubbing alcohol.

Notify the primary health care provider.

The student nurse is discussing the plan of care for a child admitted to the hospital for treatment of an infection. Which action should be taken first? Initiate intravenous therapy Obtain blood cultures Obtain urine specimen for analysis Initiate antibiotic therapy

Obtain blood cultures

A child is diagnosed with scarlet fever. History reveals that the child has no known drug allergies. When preparing the child's plan of care, the nurse would anticipate administering which agent as the drug of choice? Erythromycin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Penicillin V Clarithromycin

Penicillin V

A 6-year-old child is brought to the clinic by his parents. The parents state, "He had a sore throat for a couple of days and now his temperature is over 102°F (38.9°C). He has this rash on his face and chest that looks like sunburn but feels really rough." What would the nurse suspect? Scarlet fever Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CAMRSA) Pertussis Diphtheria

Scarlet fever

What is a true statement regarding varicella zoster virus infection? Secondary bacterial infections of the skin can occur. It is transmitted by fecal-oral route. The incubation period is 7 days. It tends to be more severe in children.

Secondary bacterial infections of the skin can occur.

An adolescent girl and her caregiver present at the pediatrician's office. The adolescent reports severe abdominal pain. A diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is made. The nurse notes in the child's chart that this is the third time she has been treated for PID. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate? Talk to the child and caregiver together and explain that the condition is often a result of a sexually transmitted infection and discuss the importance of safe sex practices. Take the caregiver to a private room and tell her that the child's diagnosis can only come from sexual activity. Take the child to a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and partners. Contact the necessary authorities to report a suspected case of sexual abuse.

Take the child to a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and partners.

A 9-month-old child has been admitted to rule out sepsis. Which finding offers the most support to the presence of this disorder? The child cries when his mother is not in sight. The child has had 8 ounces of formula in the past 24 hours. The child has had 7 wet diapers in the past 24 hours. The child's birth history indicates he was born at 42 weeks' gestation.

The child has had 8 ounces of formula in the past 24 hours.

A young girl arrives at the emergency room after being bitten by a neighbor's dog. The mother is concerned her daughter will get rabies. The nurse carefully examines and treats the bite and questions the mother and daughter about the details surrounding the dog biting her. What information would most strongly indicate a risk for rabies infection in this client? The dog was unprovoked when he bit the girl The dog was properly immunized for rabies The dog belonged to a neighbor There have been no other reported instances in the area

The dog was unprovoked when he bit the girl

The nurse is caring for a child hospitalized with pertussis. Which nursing intervention would be the highest priority for this child? The nurse will encourage bed rest. The nurse will administer oxygen. The nurse will administer antibiotics. The nurse will monitor caloric intake.

The nurse will administer oxygen.

The nurse is administering a chicken pox vaccination to a 12-month-old girl. Which concern is unique to varicella? Dehydration is caused by mouth lesions. Vitamin A is indicated for children younger than 2 years. This disease can reactivate years later and cause shingles. Children with this disease need to avoid pregnant women.

This disease can reactivate years later and cause shingles.

A 5-year-old girl catches the flu from a friend at day care after the friend sneezed and wiped mucus on a toy that the girl subsequently played with. In this case, what is the portal of exit in the chain of infection? The friend The 5-year-old girl Upper respiratory excretion Toy

Upper respiratory excretion

The nurse is taking a health history for an 8-year-old boy who is hospitalized. Which is a risk factor for sepsis in a hospitalized child? Maternal infection or fever Resuscitation or invasive procedures Lack of juvenile immunizations Use of immunosuppression drugs

Use of immunosuppression drugs

The nurse is caring for multiple clients on the pediatric unit. Which child will the nurse see first? a child with erythema infectiosum experiencing fatigue and confusion a child diagnosed with chicken pox reporting nausea and malaise a child with herpes simplex who is reporting mouth pain and pruritis a child diagnosed with measles experiencing photophobia and coryza

a child with erythema infectiosum experiencing fatigue and confusion

A chief danger of scarlet fever is that children may develop: local areas of skin necrosis. respiratory obstruction. liver destruction. acute glomerulonephritis.

acute glomerulonephritis.

Which child will the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for developing a hospital-acquired infection (HAI)? an 18-month-old child receiving chemotherapy over 5 days a 3-year-old child with malnutrition and poor weight gain a 1-year-old receiving oral amoxicillin for otitis media a 2-year-old child with HIV being discharged later that day

an 18-month-old child receiving chemotherapy over 5 days

Which child will the nurse identify as at greatest risk for developing a urinary tract infection? a 6-month-old breastfed female a 1-year-old formula-fed male a 2-year-old male with otitis media an 8-month-old bottle-fed female with HIV

an 8-month-old bottle-fed female with HIV

A young client arrives at the clinic with a rash on the trunk and flexor surfaces of the extremities. The parent informs the nurse that the rash started a day before on the exterior surfaces of the extremities; 2 days before, the child had a really bad rash on the face. The health care provider diagnoses the child with erythema infectiosum. The nurse tells the parent that this is also known as: fifth disease. enterovirus. rosacea. pityriasis rosea.

fifth disease.

The nurse is caring for an adolescent diagnosed with syphilis. The drug of choice for treating syphilis is: griseofluvin ceftriaxone acyclovir penicillin

penicillin

After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about reporting infectious diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the instructor determines a need for additional discussion when the students identify which infection as being reportable: pertussis gonorrhea pinworm Lyme disease

pinworm

A child is diagnosed with group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse would teach the parents to be alert for signs and symptoms of: osteomyelitis. scarlet fever. impetigo. pneumonia.

scarlet fever.

The nurse is doing an in-service training on clinical manifestations seen in communicable diseases. Which skin condition best describes pustule? small elevation of epidermis filled with a viscous fluid discolored skin spot not elevated at the surface redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries small, circumscribed, solid elevation of the skin

small elevation of epidermis filled with a viscous fluid