(4) BUSN Ch 4- Decision making

d

__________ is an explicit statement that tells managers what can or cannot be done. a) A procedure b) Decision criteria c) A policy d) A rule

b

__________ is an idea-generating process that encourages alternatives while withholding criticism. a) Groupthink b) Brainstorming c) Nominal group technique d) Electronic meeting

c

__________ is an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence it may have been wrong. a) Satisfice b) Rational decision making c) Escalation of commitment d) Bounded rationality

a

A decision is __________. a) a choice among two or more alternatives b) an obstacle that makes it difficult to achieve a desired goal or purpose c) criteria that define what's important or relevant to resolving a problem d) choices that are logical and consistent and maximize value

e

A major advantage of creativity is​ _____________. A. it generates a competitive advantage for the organization B. that it is available to everyone C. it keeps team members focused on the original issue D. it shortens the decision making process E. that it allows the decision maker to identify viable alternatives

a

A manager using design thinking would​ ___________. A. look at the situation carefully to make sure​ he/she understands it fully before creating the problem statement B. approach problem solving the way an artist approaches a blank canvas C. rely on tried and true methods when creating new products D. follow the eight steps of the rational decision making model E. make sure there are product engineers on the decision making team

a

A problem is present when​ ____________. A. a discrepancy exists between an existing and a desired state of affairs B. several open positions suddenly occur in an organization C. revenues exceed projections D. revenues exceed the budget E. employees leave the organization

c

A programmed decision is __________. a) a decision that is unique and nonrecurring and requires a custom-made solution b) making decisions on the basis of experience, feelings, and accumulated judgment c) a repetitive decision that can be handled by a routine approach d) choices that are logical and consistent and maximize value

c

After working for three days on a client​ presentation, Michael determined that it was good enough for his clients. This is an example of​ ____________ decision making. A. programmed B. rational C. bounded D. timely E. satisficing

e

At​ UPS, business was strong but profits were​ down, leading managers to look for ways to increase profits from existing operating income. At this​ point, the managers of UPS are at the​ __________ step in the​ decision-making process, which is​ ____________. A. ​second; identifying decision criteria B. ​fifth; selecting an alternative C. ​fourth; analyzing alternatives D. ​third; developing alternatives E. ​first; identifying the problem

b

Because Landon consistently met his production​ goals, his boss decided to ignore the negative comments from his subordinates and​ co-workers and focus on the fact that Landon always met his goals. This is an example of​ ________. A. ​over-confidence bias B. selective perception C. sunk costs bias D. framing bias E. immediate gratification

b

Because the German culture is one of order and​ structure, German organizations often have many rules and regulations. Decisions in this environment often are​ __________. A. unstructured B. approved in the appropriate channels C. done in groups D. programmed E. rational

d

Big data involves​ ____________. A. high​ cost, high​ collaboration, and high censorship B. high​ accuracy, high​ accessibility, and high authenticity C. low​ reliability, low​ relevance, and high risk D. high​ volume, high​ velocity, and/or high variety E. high​ maintenance, high​ motivation, and high minutia

e

Creative thinking requires​ ______________. A. exceptional​ intelligence, minimal​ education, and innate curiosity B. time within the workday to work on ideas and a reduced work load C. freedom of​ choice, abundant​ resources, and unlimited time D. a laboratory for experimentation and a vision of the future E. ​expertise, creative-thinking​ skills, and intrinsic task motivation

b

Creativity requires which of the​ following? A. Competition B. Expertise C. The right amount of time D. Group process E. Incentives

d

Doug​ Radi, VP of Marketing for​ Rudi's Organic​ Bakery, compares decision making to the scientific method. He encourages looking at all the data to find insight before decision making. Based on​ this, which type of decision making process did they​ follow? A. Bounded rationality B. Satisficing C. Leader D. Rational E. Centralized

d

Groups become less effective as decision makers when​ ___________. A. more ideas are presented for consideration B. the group has more than five members C. there is broad diversity of the team members D. the group is dominated by a single person E. the​ eight-step process is followed

b

Groupthink can be curbed by​ _________. A. using a round robin technique to vote on suggestions B. using the nominal group technique C. appointing a​ non-management employee as leader of the group D. holding only virtual meetings E. using the Delphi method to arrive at consensus

d

If Terry uses the​ eight-step decision-making​ model, he will​ _____________. A. select the criteria with the score closest to the average of all scores B. select the first alternative that meets the majority of his criteria C. select the least expensive alternative D. select the alternative with the highest score .E. select the first alternative that meets all his criteria

b

If an American company chose to use the Japanese method called​ ringisei, we would expect it to​ ______________. A. allow only senior managers to make decisions for the group B. use large amounts of information to form consensus within the group C. assign specific tasks to individual group members D. reward​ risk-takers who make decisions quickly with limited information E. rely on precedent and tradition when making decision

d

Lori is facing a new dilemma. She must decide whether Joanne or Dawn will be able to move into the vacant office. This kind of thing​ doesn't happen often around here. Lori is facing what kind of​ problem? A. satisficing B. rational C. programmed D. unstructured E. organizational

rational

Maria is a very logical person and is facing what she feels is a very important decision. For that​ reason, Maria will be following the model of​ __________ decision making.

d

Maryann is creating the employee work schedule for three weeks from now. Two of her employees have requested​ vacation, a common situation that happens nearly every week during the summer. Maryann is facing​ a(n) ________________ problem. A. unprogrammed B. unstructured C. programmed D. structured E. procedural

a

Non-programmed decisions are made when​ ________ A. the situation is new and​ non-recurring B. the situation is routine C. ​non-management employees are qualified to make the decision D. manager intuition is the best way to confront the situation E. a rule exists to deal with the situation

c

One of the best reasons for allowing groups to make decisions is​ ______________. A. there is less pressure to conform in a group B. responsibility for the decision can be clearly assigned C. the people who are affected by the decision are often the best qualified to make decisions that affect them D. group decisions are consistent with an authoritarian environment E. group decisions are of higher quality

e

One significant difference between an electronic meeting and a video conference is​ ___________. A. discussions do not digress in a videoconference B. electronic meetings are faster and cheaper than videoconferences C. participants in a videoconference have complete anonymity D. in an electronic​ meeting, participants cannot see each other E. videoconference participants are generally in different locations

d

Paul has worked in personal sales for most of his adult life. He has developed a sense of how to persuade his prospects to purchase his product. Paul is using his​ ___________. A. rational decision making skills B. formal sales presentation C. satisficing skills D. intuition E. skill at getting prospects to escalate their commitment

b

Programmed decisions are cost effective because​ ____________. A. the decisions do not have to be evaluated in the final step of the process B. they do not need to be​ re-examined each time the situation arises C. computers are programmed to make the decision D. each solution is unique and sure to fit the situation E. the decision team does not need to have as many people

c

__________ is a situation in which a decision maker has neither certainty nor reasonable probability estimates available. a) Groupthink b) Risk c) Uncertainty d) Certainty

e

Rational​ decision-making works best when​ _______________. A. the decision is made by a member of upper management B. the impact on organization members is given high priority C. the decision will have little effect on organizational results D. goal achievement is not important E. the problem is clear and unambiguous

e

Rudi's Organic Bakery was faced with a problem concerning how to grow the business.​ Rudi's took a chance when they entered the gluten free market. Knowing that​ Rudi's was a small niche bakery that was not known at the time for gluten free​ products, leadership looked at the gluten free market as a new direction. This market offered potential growth. How could this problem be BEST​ categorized? A. Satisficing B. Structured C. Programmed D. Centralized E. Unstructured

a

Sarah works in the customer service center of a discount retail store. When a customer wants to return an​ item, Sarah knows exactly what to do. Sarah makes​ a(n) _______________ decision. A. programmed B. intuitive C. unstructured D. structured E. ​non-programmed

a

Should​ Rudi's Organic Bakery look at entering the vegan​ market? This decision would be classified into which​ decision-making category? A. Uncertainty B. Risk C. Probability D. Certainty E. Satisficing

d

The idea that individuals tend to arrive at the same conclusion in group decision making is called​ __________. A. rational agreement B. structured group C. group assembly D. groupthink E. group conformity

a

Top managers of McDoogals decided to put their new restaurant on the campus of City University. This is the first new restaurant for McDoogals in 25 years. This is an example of what type of​ decision? A. Nonprogrammed B. Structured C. Rational D. Satisficing E. Organizational

b

Using big​ data, a social website such as Facebook could​ ____________. A. remove all posts that express unpopular positions on controversial issues B. display ads for products and services based on the postings on a​ user's timeline C. limit access to specific linked websites D. forecast demand for competing websites E. improve the reliability of the website

d

What type of decision did Doug​ Rati, VP of​ Marketing, have to make to conclude it was rational to take the risk to enter the gluten free​ market? A. Bounded Rationality B. Rational C. Centralized D. Intuitive decision making E. Programmed

b

When determining decision​ criteria, ____________. A. only the three criteria that would have the most significant impact on the outcome should be included B. what is not included can be as important as what is included C. the decision team members should be surveyed for their opinions on what to include D. including too many criteria makes reaching a logical decision nearly impossible E. no more than five criteria should be included

b

When picking out her new​ desk, Danielle would like one that is​ large, has 3​ drawers, and has blue tooth technology​ built-in. This represents which of the following steps of the​ decision-making process? a) step 1 b) step 2 c) step 3 d) step 4

d

__________ is a situation in which a decision maker is able to estimate the likelihood of certain outcomes. a) Uncertainty b) Certainty c) Groupthink d) Risk

a

Wilma needed to fill a position that had been open for several weeks. She knew what her perfect candidate would be like but so far no one had met her standards. With time running​ out, she hired the first candidate who minimally fulfilled her requirements. What​ decision-making method did Wilma​ use? A. Bounded rationality B. Rational decision making C. Neural networking D. Intuition E. The​ eight-step process

e

Wilma's new employee was not working out as well as she had hoped so she decided to pair her with a more experienced employee. Then she sent her to training. Then she spent time coaching her. Wilma is engaging in​ ___________. A. problem solving B. hindsight bias C. rational decision making D. ​buyer's remorse E. escalation of commitment

d

XYZ wants to be known as a​ drug-free workplace. Each time a​ work-related accident​ occurs, the employee involved is required to submit to a drug test. We can consider this to be a​ __________. A. practice B. procedure C. work instruction D. rule E. policy

b

_________ define what's important or relevant to resolving a problem. a) Policies b) Decision criteria c) Procedures d) Rules

b

_________ is decision making that's rational, but limited (bounded) by an individual's ability to process information. a) Satisfice b) Bounded rationality c) Rational decision making d) Escalation of commitment

b

__________ is a decision that is unique and nonrecurring and requires a custom-made solution. a) Rational decision making b) A nonprogrammed decision c) Intuitive decision making d) A programmed decision

c

__________ is a decision-making technique in which group members are physically present but operate independently. a) Electronic meeting b) Groupthink c) Nominal group technique d) Brainstorming

c

__________ is a guideline for making decisions. a) A rule b) Decision criteria c) A policy d) A procedure

c

__________ is a problem that is new or unusual and for which information is ambiguous or incomplete. a) Intuitive decision making b) A structured problem c) An unstructured problem d) Escalation of commitment

c

__________ is a series of sequential steps used to respond to a well-structured problem. a) A policy b) Decision criteria c) A procedure d) A rule

c

__________ is a situation in which a decision maker can make accurate decisions because all outcomes are known. a) Groupthink b) Uncertainty c) Certainty d) Risk

a

__________ is an increased commitment to a previous decision despite evidence that it may have been a poor decision. a) Escalation of commitment b) A structured problem c) Intuitive decision making d) An unstructured problem

b

__________ means to accept solutions that are "good enough." a) Rational decision making b) Satisfice c) Escalation of commitment d) Bounded rationality

b

__________ occurs when a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to withhold his or her different views in order to appear to be in agreement. a) Certainty b) Groupthink c) Uncertainty d) Risk

d

​Rudi's Organic Bakery took a very strategic approach to their decision concerning the gluten free market. They first had to do which of the following before a solution could be​ found? A. Developing alternatives B. Selecting an alternative C. Vetting the process D. Identifying a problem E. Analyzing alternatives