421 Chapter 2

Which of the following is a leader development technique that best allows individuals to actually practice skills?

role playing

The situation that occurs when one's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events one predicts is known as _____.

self fulfilling prophecy

The term perceptual set refers to

the notion that we are selective in what we attend to and what we perceive.

Which of the following is not a good source of information about behaviors leaders need to change?

A program on new leadership techniques

True or false: Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the explanations we develop for behaviors to which we attend.

False (It's attribution)

Which of the following is not a goal of leadership studies programs? Multiple choice question. Cultivating values represented in broader fields such as global awareness and social responsibility Focusing on a single discipline such as psychology or organizational behavior Focusing on expected development outcomes Being academically authorized courses of study

Focusing on a single discipline such as psychology or organizational behavior

Which of the following statements regarding formal coaching programs is true?

Formal coaching usually involves regular meetings between the coach and the manager.

What occurs when an organization assigns a relatively inexperienced, but high-potential leader to one of the top-executives in the company?

Formal mentoring

Chris really cares about developing others and works beside them as a mentor. Chris is a ______ leader.

Teacher-Mentor

Which of the following illustrates leader development? Multiple choice question. Enhancing the reward system in an organization to encourage collaborative behavior Training designed to develop one's skill in giving feedback to another person Training designed to increase shared properties of whole groups or social systems Developing the degree of trust among all members of a team or department

Training designed to develop one's skill in giving feedback to another person

True or false: 3M's commitment to leadership development is illustrated by its decision to make talent development a core business strategy.

True

True or false: Developing a strategic plan for the company is a common part of leadership development programs for senior-level executives.

True

True or false: Having a written development plan rather than informal goals can help keep leader development on track.

True

True or false: Research shows that coaching may be more effective at changing behavior than traditional learning and training approaches

True

True or false: Research shows that individuals who participate in after-event reviews were more effective leaders than individuals who do not participate in the AER process.

True

True or false: To be successful, learning must continue even after the end of one's formal education.

True

True or false: People prefer to explain others' behavior on the basis of personal attributions even when obvious situational factors may fully account for the behavior.

True. The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail is called the fundamental attribution error.

Which of the following best identifies when informal coaching takes place?

Whenever a leader helps a follower change their behavior

Explanations we develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions we attend to are called

attributions

Mick has taken a new hire, Brian, under his wing and is helping Brian by giving him knowledge, advice, challenge, counsel, and support about career opportunities, organizational strategy and policy, office politics. This process can be described as ______.

mentoring

Unlike formal mentoring programs, informal mentoring programs _____.

occur when a protégé and mentor build a long-term relationship based on friendship, common interests, and mutual respect

Studies of what men and women managers learn from experiences found that taking charge of career was a lesson frequently identified by

only women

Our tendency or bias to perceive one thing and not another is referred to as our

perceptual set

A leadership development program that uses wilderness survival techniques is probably focusing on

personal growth

How we interpret our observations takes place in the _____ component of the A-O-R model.

reflection

The tendency to make external attributions for your own failures yet make internal attributions for your successes refers to

self serving bias

Academic programs to develop social responsibility and engagement in the local community use ______.

service learning

Which of the five steps of informal coaching is important to attracting and retaining followers to the work group?

shaping the enviroment

When an individual learns only about subjects within the comfort zone of their belief system they are using _________ learning.

single loop

When learners seek relatively little feedback that confronts their fundamental ideas or actions they are using

single loop learning

Identify a true statement about informal mentoring programs.

Informal mentoring usually begins with the protégé working in a part of the mentor's organization or on a high-visibility project for the mentor.

Perhaps the most important yet most neglected component of the action- observation-reflection model is reflection. Why is reflection important?

It can provide leaders with a variety of insights into how to frame problems differently.

Which is not a benefit of reflection? Better understanding subordinates. Gaining insight into how to frame problems. Using self-serving bias to better position oneself within the organization. Looking at situations from multiple perspectives.

Using self serving bias to better position ones self within the organization

Programs for first-level supervisors

They focus on developing skills such as training, monitoring, giving feedback, and conducting performance reviews with subordinates.

All of the following except which is a critical lesson learned from formal coaching?

all behaviors can be changed

When making behavior changes, how many areas should leaders work on at the same time?

1-2

Which of the following would most likely not be part of a leadership program for senior executives? Developing and communicating a vision Developing public relations skills Conducting performance reviews with subordinates Strategic planning

Conducting performance reviews with subordinates

Which method of learning results in the smallest amount of behavioral change?

E-learning

True or false: Individuals who have completed undergraduate courses in leadership are always better leaders.

False

True or false: Leader development and leadership development refer to the same phenomenon

False

True or false: Once an individual has completed a formal education, he or she has the necessary tools for success.

False

Someone who is 'learning how to learn' is using _______ learning.

double loop

What percentage of of the action plan steps in a development plan should be job related?

70-80

5 steps of informal coaching

1. Forge a partnership 2. Inspire commitment 3. Grow skills 4. Promote persistence 5. Shape the environment

How much more do top performers typically contribute to an organization compared to average performers?

20-50%

A-O-R Model

Leadership development is enhanced when the experience involves three different processes: Action, Observation and Reflection.

Lessons learned in Management: Basic management values

Men and Women

Lessons learned in Management: Technical and Professional Skills

Men only

Which of the following should leaders keep in mind when developing their own leadership skills? Leaders should work and focus on development goals that matter. Leaders need to determine which new skills will have the highest personal rather than organizational payoffs. No leader possesses all of the knowledge and skills required to be successful. Most leaders have a single rather than multiple development needs.

No leader possesses all of the knowledge and skills required to be successful. Leaders should work and focus on development goals that matter.

Which best describes leader development at 3M?

Personal growth, skill building, feedback, conceptual awareness.

The question 'how do you feel about it now?' is asked in which part of the A-O-R model?

Reflection

Since Rodney took over as head of the division, he has challenged the status quo and guided adaptation. Rodney can best be described as a _____ leader.

Revolutionary-Crusader

Identify the true statements about leadership training programs aimed particularly toward leaders and supervisors in industry or public service. They have strong parallels to the content and techniques used in university-level courses on leadership. The programs for midlevel managers rely on case studies, presentations, simulations, and in-basket exercises to help leaders develop. The programs for first-level managers rely more heavily on individualized feedback than the programs for midlevel managers do. They tend to be less focused than a university course on leadership that typically lasts an entire semester.

They have strong parallels to the content and techniques used in university-level courses on leadership. The programs for midlevel managers rely on case studies, presentations, simulations, and in-basket exercises to help leaders develop.

Programs for midlevel managers

They often focus on improving interpersonal, oral communication, and written communication skills, as well as giving tips on time management, planning, and goal setting.

In the context of creating opportunities to get feedback, identify the true statements about leaders.

They should not assume they have invited feedback merely by saying they have an open-door policy. They may need to create opportunities to get feedback, especially from those working for them.

Lessons learned in Management: Personal Limits and blind spots

Women Only

The findings by Eden and Shani that individuals placed in a high potential group were perceived to have higher potential than those placed in an unknown or regular potential group even though potential was never actually assessed reflects

a self fulfilling prophecy

The leader development technique that addresses actual company challenges is called _________.

action learning

Which leader development technique focuses on learning by doing?

action learning

The three processes that enhance leadership development are __________

action, reflection, observation

The fact that people who are watching an action are much more likely than the individual to make a fundamental attribution error can be attributed to

action/observer difference

A situation in which a student attributes her classmate's bad exam score to a lack of intelligence while the classmate attributes the poor score to unfair grading refers to the _______.

actor-observer bias

Reflection and facilitated discussion on personal leadership experiences are called ____.

after event reviews

The notion that a person being coached must want to change; assessments are important; some behaviors cannot be changed; practice is critical; and there is no substitute for accountability are all ______.

best practices for coaches

The five step informal coaching process is most efficient for

both high and low

Which of the following is a leader development method involving the use of leadership situations as a vehicle for leadership discussions?

case studies

According to the research, which is the most valuable factor in coaching?

clear and direct feedback

Which leadership development technique can help identify 'blind spots' an individual may be unaware of?

feedback based appraoch

If leaders have more than two development needs, they should _____.

first work to acquire one or two skills before moving on to the next set of development needs

An individual who takes credit for successes but blames the situation for failures

has a self serving bias

Undergraduate courses in leadership

help lay the foundation

An exercise in which participants have a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to notes, letters, and phone messages from a fictitious manager's in-basket is called

in basket

Which technique is especially useful for assessing and improving a manager's planning and time management techniques?

in basket exercises

Which method of learning results in the greatest amount of behavioral change?

targeted coaching

Fundamental attribution error can best be described as

the tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail.