6 Classes of Essential nutrients

Vitamins and Minerals (Micronutrients)

-Both vitamins and minerals help to release energy for the body to use. -Vitamins are an organic micronutrient (contain carbon) that help to regulate the processes of the body. They assist in boosting the immune system, build bones and cells, repair damage, regulate cell and organ functioning, support growth and serve as antioxidants. -Minerals are inorganic micronutrients (do not contain carbon) that act as co-factors to enzyme reactions. Enzymes don't work without minerals, and all cells require enzymes to work and function. Minerals facilitate the transfer of nutrients across cell membranes, help regulate body tissue growth, provide nerve conduction and help to contract and relax muscles.

Carbohydrates

-Carbohydrates are the body's most ideal source of energy and fuel and therefore this is why our diet should be highest in carbohydrates. -The primary function of dietary carbohydrates is to supply energy to body cells, thus helping the brain and organs function and fueling physical activity.

Water

-Our bodies are made up of about 60% of water; therefore, without water we can only live a couple of days -Amount of water one should consume can be calculated by: Body weight/2= number in ounces of water.

Protein

-Proteins form key parts of the structural components of our bodies, like muscles and bones, blood, enzymes, skin, cell membranes, and some hormones. -Proteins help fight disease, as they make up antibodies while also providing coordinating biological processes between our cells, tissues, and organs. -Made up of 20 Amino Acids

What are the calories per gram for each of the essential nutrients and alcohol?

Carbohydrates: 4 Calories/gram Protein: 4 Calories/gram Fats: 9 Calories/gram Vitamins and minerals (micronutrients): both are 0 Calories/gram Water: 0 Calories/gram Alcohol: 7 Calories/gram

Fats (Macronutrients-contain kilocalories or Calories (Upper case C)

Fat helps to insulate the body, support and cushion organs, and add flavor and texture to foods. It also assists with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E and K). Fats help supply a concentrated source of energy to our bodies at 9 calories per gram.