6. Phylum Ctenophora

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What are the 6 synapomorphies of Ctenophora?

1. 8 comb rows of fused cilia 2. Pair of tentacles 3. Colloblast cells on tentacles 4. Biradial symmetry with oral-aboral axis 5. Well- developed mesenchyme 6. Third class of Hox genes

What arises from the pit?

8 meridional comb rows

What defines the order platyctenida? 4

Benthic Most adults lack comb rows Cydippid larva Some reproduce asexually via fragmentation

What special organisms swallows other ctenophores whole?

Beroe

How do Beroe capture their prey?

Cells of mouth edge produce adhesive mucus and toxins

What carries food and mucus to mouth?

Cilia

What defines the order cestida? 4

Compresses, elongated, ribbon-like body 4 comb rows 2 small tentacles Undulatory swimming

What phylum are comb jellies?

Ctenophora

What defines the Order Cydippida? 3

Cydippud larva 2 tentacles with deep sheaths polyphyletic

What defines the order lobata? 3

Flattened body 2 large ciliated oral lobes 2 short non-rectile tentacles

What defines the order Beroida? 5

Flattened thimble-like sac Lacks tentacles Large mouth and pharynx Feed on other Ctenophores Meridional canals highly branched

What is protandric hermaphrodites?

Male when young and then female when older

What is a general description of Ctenophora?

Marine Delicate & gelatinous medusa-like coastal and oceanic

What is the basic structure of ctenophora?

Mouth at oral pole, leads into GVC (complex branching canal system) Anal pore at aboral pole releases both gametes and waste

What is the apical organ?

Pit at aboral pole containing statocyst

How do all of them feed?

Predatory Long tentacle wiped across mouth to remove prey

What is 2 things is special about Ctenophore reproduction?

Protandric hermaphrodites Cydippid larva

What defines the order Thalassocalycida?

Single deep-water medusa-like species

What is special about the cilia on the comb rows?

They are iridescent

What is mesenchyme?

Thick gelatinous mass with fibers, ameboid cells, and network of muscle cells

What are colloblasts?

adhesive club-shaped cells

What can only be used once during feeding?

colloblast cells

What is a statocyst?

how an organism knows its orientation pebble in a fluid

What are lobates?

mucus sheets that trap prey on lobes

What are colloblasts anchored to?

tentacle mesenchyme

What is a cydippid larva?

the larva form looks like the adult form

What is special about the planktonic form?

they bioluminescent

Where do the retractile tentacles arise from?

two deep ciliated sheaths

How do they move?

waves of ciliary beating at aboral end


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