6.a

Guy is looking for evidence that challenges the widely-held belief that personality is consistent across different situations. Whose work would Guy be well-advised to read to examine this debate? A Walter Mischel B Albert Bandura C Henry Odbert D Gordon Allport E Paul Costa

A

The enduring dispositions that people show across situations are called personality ______. A traits B aphorisms C dimensions D projections E idiographs

A

When he is in his classroom, Professor Stewart is talkative and makes jokes. When he attends parties, however, he is sincere and prefers to listen. These differences demonstrate: A The importance of the situation on the expression of one's personality traits. B The stability of personality traits across different situations. C The fact that genes are a more powerful influence on personality than situations. D The stability of personality traits over time. E The independent nature of different personality traits.

A

During psychology class one night, a student asks the teacher, "How do I know if I'm an introvert or an extrovert?" Which would be the best answer? A "Personality traits are so subjective that only you can tell if you are truly an introvert or an extrovert." B "Think of personality traits as being continuous. It isn't just one or the other!" C "Personality assessments such as the MMPI-2 would be best for identifying your level of these traits." D "Introversion and extroversion are popular topics, but not truly part of psychological science." E "Most people are naturally extroverted, so assume that this is what you are."

B

Ophelia is on time for appointments, is organized, and her desk is neat. At the same time, she has narrow interests and is down-to-earth. Which of the following best describes Ophelia's personality? A She is high in introversion but low in openness. B She is high in conscientiousness but low in openness. C She is high in neuroticism but low in creativity. D She is high in anxiety but low in creativity. E She is high in agreeableness but low in extraversion.

B

Richard tends to be a very positive person but Kenny is a rather grumpy person. This contrast reflects one of the three main criteria of a personality trait, which is ______. A stability B individual differences C internalization D persistence E gender effects

B

The fact that people have different amounts of various personality traits rather than simply having "all" or "none" of it reflects the ______ of such traits. A dichotomous nature B continuous distribution C binary style D idiographic tendency E nomothetic tone

B

When Allport and Odbert consulted a dictionary to determine what words are related to personality traits, their first effort produced a rather sizable list of approximately ______ words. A 80,000 B 18,000 C 5,000 D 1,000 E 100

B

Which of the following would be a fast scale to help you determine where you stand on each of the Big Five factors of personality? A The MMPI-2 B The Mini-IPIP scale C The CPI D The MBTI E The BDI

B

Shanaya really enjoys going to clubs. Wendy, on the other hand, prefers to stay home and read or watch a movie. It is possible that these two women differ significantly on a specific ______. A social comparison B temperamental dimension C personality trait D lexical continuum E behavioral measure

C

What is the best way to describe the relationship between the personality traits in the Five-Factor Model? A Three traits- Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness - are positively correlated. B The traits are all negatively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a low score on another. C The traits are relatively independent. A high score on one trait tells little about a score on another trait. D The traits are all positively correlated. A high score on one of the traits tends to predict a high score on another. E Two of the traits - Extraversion and Conscientiousness - are positively correlated.

C

What was the basic premise of the lexical hypothesis, introduced by Allport and Odbert? A Personality traits change in bilingual people; they act one way when speaking one language and a different way while speaking a second language. B Each person goes through eight different "life stages," and each stage includes a crisis that must be resolved. C Personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe people. D Personality traits can change but, over time, they will all regress to an average expression. E Early childhood experiences shape adult personalities.

C

Which word can be used as a mnemonic to help you remember all of the personality traits in the Five-Factor model? A SCENE B CRAZE C OCEAN D TRAIT E CORNS

C

______ refers to the characteristic ways that people differ from one another. It includes lasting tendencies such as ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. A Attachment B Temperament C Personality D Motivation E Locus of control

C

______ refers to the fact that traits tend not to change very much over time. As an example, if a person tends to be very anxious as a 30-year old, they would probably be rather anxious as a 40-year old. A Satisfaction B Externalization C Stability D Validity E Foundation

C

Philip is described by his friends as trusting, compliant, and modest. In which of the Big Five factors would Philip probably get a high score? A Extraversion B Openness to New Experiences C Neuroticism D Agreeableness E Conscientiousness

D

In a new revision of the Five-Factor approach to personality traits, called the HEXACO model, a sixth trait has been added. What is that newer trait? A Creativity/Detail Orientation B Confidence/Uncertainty C Carelessness/Carefulness D Approach/Avoidance E Honesty/Humility

E

Which of the following is the list of six facets that are associated with the trait of Agreeableness? A gregarious, warm, assertive, active, excitement-seeking, and positive emotionality B fantasy prone, open to feelings, open to diverse behaviors, open to new and different ideas, and open to various values and beliefs C anxious, angry, depressed, self-consciousness, impulsive, and vulnerable D competent, orderly, dutiful, achievement oriented, self-disciplined, and deliberate E trusting, straightforward, altruistic, compliant, modest, and tender-minded

E

______ is a statistical technique that allows one to group things together according to how highly they are associated (or how similar they truly are). a Structural equation modeling B Longitudinal analysis C Qualitative grouping D Path analysis E Factor analysis

E

______ means that similar behaviors or tendencies occur across different situations. This speaks to why it is often easy to predict how a person will act in a given context. A Individual difference B Stability C State-trait dichotomy D Persistence E Consistency

E