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Neutralization

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.

when the pH of a solution is a low number, what does that tell you about the ions (H+, OH-) of the solution?

A low pH mean the solution is an acid so the concentration of (H+) ions is high

If a solution has a pH of 6, would the solution contain more or fewer hydrogen ions (H+) than an equal volume of solution with a pH of 3?

A lower pH (like one of pH 3) is a stronger acid compared to one of pH 6, so the acid with pH 3 would have MORE (H+) ions.

What happens in a neutralization reaction?

A neutralization reaction is one between an acid and a base. The H+ and OH- parts of the acids and bases combine to make water (H2O) and the rest of the acids and bases combine to make salt. So a neutralization reaction is mixing an acid and a base, which makes water and salt.

pH Scale

A pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. While the pH scale formally measures the activity of hydrogen ions in a substance or solution, it is typically approximated as the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Salt

A white crystalline substance that gives seawater its characteristic taste and is used for seasoning or preserving food.

What kinds of ions do acids and bases form in water?

Acids for (H+) ions (hydrogen ions) in water and Bases form (OH-) ions (Hydroxide) ions in water.

Base

Any of a class of compounds that form hydroxyl ions (OH-) when dissolved in water, and whose aqueous solutions react with acids to form neutral compounds and salts. Bases turn red litmus paper blue and have a pH greater than 7. Their aqueous solutions have a bitter taste.

what are examples of Bases

Calcium Hydroxide [tums] Ammonia [cleaning] Potassium Hydroxide [soap] Sodium Hydroxide [cleaning]

What happens when an acid reacts with a compound made of carbonates?

Carbon dioxide forms so you see bubbles.

Bases - produce OH- in water. Give an example equation

Ex: NaOH ---> Na+ + OH-

Would a dilute solution of HCl also be weak? Explain.

HCl is one of the most acidic (strongest) acids. Even if you dilute a strong acid its pH wont change (it will still have the same amount of H+ ions) and there would still be a lot of H+ ions even with water added. To change the strength (pH) of a strong acid you need to add a strong base to neutralize it.

Acids - produce H+[or H3 0+] in water. Give 2 example equations

HCl---> H+ + Cl- HCl + H20 ---> H30+ + Cl-

what are the Properties of Bases

Have a bitter taste Do not react when combined with most metals Feel slippery Turn litmus blue Become less basic when mixed with acids

What does a substance's pH tell you?

It tells how strong the acid or base is. Acids are less than pH 7 (7 is neutral=neither acid or base-ex. water), and pH numbers more than 7 and to 14 are basic. The pH scale goes from 0-14. A pH difference from 2 to 1 is ten times more acidic (pH numbers = x10).

What color would lemon juice turn litmus paper?

Red, because its an acid

what are properties of acids

Taste sour Corrosive to metals Can sting when touched Change litmus (a dye extracted from lichens) red Becomes less acidic when mixed with bases

Corrosive

Tending to cause corrosion, decomposition by contact with oxygen.

What acid reacts with KOH to produce the salt KCl?

The acid HCl would combine with KOH to make KCl because the (OH-) of the KOH would combine with the (H+) from HCl to make H2O and the K + Cl becomes the salt KCl. HCl + KOH → H2O + KCl

What are some examples of acids?

Vinegar (acetic acid) Ant bites (formic acid) Sore muscles (lactic acid) lemon (citric acid) Soda (carbonic acid)

Indicator

a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or base. Litmus, for example, is an indicator that becomes red in the presence of acids and blue in the presence of bases. Used to tell if something is acidic or basic

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.

what is a pH meter

a probe used to measure the acidity of a solution

In acid-Base Reactions, a reaction between an acid and a base is called ---------------.

neutralization

Hydrogen ion (H+)

the cation H+ of acids consisting of a hydrogen atom whose electron has been transferred to the anion of the acid.

Acid

they are corrosive to metals, change litmus red, become less acidic when mixed with bases, and give off hydrogen ions (H+) in chemical reactions

T/F An acid-base mixture is not as acidic or basic as the individual starting solutions.

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