7.1 Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

What type of reproduction is mitosis?

asexual

In meiosis is the final cell diploid or haploid?

haploid

In mitosis is the final cell genetically identical or unique?

identical

How many cells are produced in mitosis?

2

How many cells are produced in meiosis?

4

Cell theory changed over time as new discoveries came to light. What does this say about a scientific theory?

A theory is a proposed explanation for a wide variety of observations and experimental results. New evidence that has been confirmed through observation and experiment may result in the modification of a theory.

In which of these situations would cells most likely receive signals instructing them to enter the M phase of the cell cycle?

A tissue needs repairing and more cells are needed to defend the body.

What is apoptosis?

Apoptosis are cells that are programmed to die at a predetermined time in their life cycle or after a certain number of cell divisions.

How are binary fission and mitosis similar?

Binary fission and mitosis are both forms of cell division that produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

What is the difference between binary fission and mitosis?

Binary fission takes place in prokaryotic organisms, and mitosis occurs in eukaryotic organisms.

What is evidence that cells no longer respond to external factors and may have turned cancerous?

Cell clumps form, crowding existing cells.

What is the centrioles?

Centrioles are cylinder-shaped organelles made of short microtubules

What happens in anaphase?

Chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis usually begins in late anaphase or telophase.

What happens in prophase?

Chromosomes condense. The nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles begin to move to opposite poles, and spindle fibers form.

What happens in cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis divides cytoplasm between the two daughter cells, each with a genetically identical nucleus. The cells enter interphase and begin the cycle again.

what are the major points of cell theory?

Major points of cell theory are all organisms are made of cells, all existing cells are made by other living cells, and the cell is the most basic unit of life.

Which of these statements best explains how advancements in technology influenced the development of the cell theory?

Microscopes let scientists see cells.

What happens in mitosis?

Mitosis divides a cell's nucleus into two nuclei, each with an identical set of DNA.

What happens in telophase?

Nuclear membranes start to form, chromosomes begin to uncoil and the spindle fibers fall apart.

What is mitosis?

Process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents

What is cytokinesis?

Process by which the cell cytoplasm divides

What happen in metaphase?

Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome. They align the chromosomes along the equator.

What happens in interphase?

The cell copies its DNA and grows for division. The DNA is loosely organized during interphase.

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells, or cells with nuclei.

What is the cell theory?

The cell theory is one of the first unifying concepts developed in biology.

At the G2 checkpoint, cellular mechanisms are in place to make sure any DNA errors that formed during the S phase have been repaired. If they have not been repaired, internal factors at the checkpoint will not activate the start of mitosis. What might occur if the internal factors that control the G2 checkpoint are not blocked in response to a failure of the checkpoint?

The cell will continue dividing even though the DNA has errors.

What is a centrosomes?

The centrosome is a small region of cytoplasm that produces protein fibers called microtubules.

What's a situations in which an organism's cells would need to divide?

The organism's tissue is in need of repair. The organism is growing.

In their early embryonic stages, a human embryo has a tail, and a whale embryo has limb buds for hind legs. But when they are born, the human does not have a tail, and the whale does not have hind legs. Which process is responsible for these changes?

apoptosis

In mitosis is the final cell diploid or haploid?

diploid

Which events take place during mitosis but not during binary fission?

duplication of organelles and formation of a mitotic spindle

What type of reproduction is meiosis?

sexual

In meiosis is the final cell genetically identical or unique?

unique