7.1 The Kidney: Function, Anatomy, the Nephron and Glomerulus

What are capillary network that travels alongside the nephron to allow for reabsorption and secretion between the blood and the nephron?

Vasa Recta and Peritubular Capillary

Put in order the structures that filtrate passes to become urine and the pathway out of the body.

afferent arteriole, glomerulus, basement membrane, Bowman's capsule, nephron, collecting duct, calyces, ureter, bladder, urethral sphincters, urethral orifice

The skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

external urinary sphincter

The primary filter to exclude proteins from the filtrate is the:

glomerular basement membrane

The _____________ is a capillary network that produces a plasma filtrate that enters the urinary tubules.

glomerulus

What is a podocyte?

is a cell that makes up part of the Bowman's capsule

What's another name for urination?

micturition

What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

What is the primary function of the kidney?

to regulate the body fluid composition

What pushes urine through the ureters?

peristaltic contractions

Where does the glomerulus reside?

The Bowman's Capsule

Special cells in the kidney are capable of measuring GFR (macula densa cells). How would the kidney respond to a decreased GFR most likely due to a decrease in systemic blood pressure?

-Constrict efferent arterioles (via Angiotensin II) -Dilate afferent arterioles (via Prostaglandin E2 signaling) -Increase hydrostatic pressure of the glomerulus

Functions of the Kidney

-Reabsorption -Secretion -Regulate blood pH -Vitamin D processing -Hormone synthesis and release -Blood filtration -blood pressure regulation

Visceral layer of Bowman's Capsule:

-This layer is where podocytes are found which help with filtration -This layer is located in the renal corpuscle -This layer lies against glomerular capillaries -This layer keeps proteins and cells from passing into the filtrate

Functions of the Kidney's

-regulation of blood volume -regulation of solute concentration in the blood -regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid -regulation of red blood cell synthesis

How much of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

19% - 21%

Given these structures: (1) major calyx; (2) minor calyx; (3) renal papilla; (4) renal pelvis. Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in order as urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to the ureter.

3,2,1,4

The filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule through which structure?

Bowman's capsule

The nephron tubule structures?

Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Fenestrae and negatively-charged glycoproteins are part of which specific structure?

Glomerulus

Which neurons play an important role in producing concentrated urine?

Juxtamedullary neurons