7.5 Patriotism on the Home Front

7. Instead of purchasing new items in this country, what became our World War II motto? (p. 366)

"Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without."

4a. Define rationing. (p. 366)

Americans were issued coupon books that limited the amount of certain goods that they could buy. This ensured that raw materials such as rubber and gasoline found their way into war production.

Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II? (p. 367)

Believing people of Japanese ancestry to be inherently disloyal, West Coast leaders pressed FDR to address the "threat," which led him to designate internments for Japanese people.

2b. How did war bonds work? (p. 365)

Citizens bought the bonds and then received a certain amount of interest after ten years, The bonds allowed Americans to save income and invest in the war effort.

2a. Define war bond. (p. 365)

Citizens lend the government money in order to help fund the war

14b. What did A. Philip Randolph fight for in the US? (p. 370)

He fought for the end of discriminatory practices in government-funded training, employment, and the armed services.

14a. Identify A. Philip Randolph. (p. 370)

He was a labor leader in the campaign for civil rights for African Americans.

1. Discuss the financial cost of World War II on the United States. (p. 365)

It cost Americans $330 billion, which was double the total amount of federal expenditures. The national debt increased from $42 billion to $269 billion by the end of the war.

8. Discuss the details of Executive Order 9066. (p. 367)

It designated certain areas as war zones from which anyone might be removed for any reason.

15b. What lasting effects did Executive Order 8802 have on African Americans in the US? (p. 370)

It established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce the requirements the Executive Order 8802 established.

18b. Discuss the effects of the bracero program. (p. 371)

It initiated decades of migratory labor in the West.

19. Discuss what occurred with the LA zoot-suit riots.

Mobs of off-duty sailors roamed through the Mexican sections of Los Angeles attacking "Zooters." Police arrested the zoot-suited victims and not their attackers.

4c. How was the practice of rationing similar to World War I? (p. 366)

People grew victory gardens and were limited on certain goods so these items could be given to the war effort.

18a. Discuss the purpose of the bracero program. (p. 371)

Plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms to alleviate the rural population drain.

9. Why did Japanese Americans generally face harsher treatment than Italian or German Americans?

Racism, smaller numbers of Japanese Americans, their lack of political clout, and their relative isolation from other Americans

12. What fictional icon became the symbol for women in the workforce during World War II?

Rosie the Riveter

17. Define demographics. (p. 371)

Statistics that show human characteristics of a population

10. Define internment. (p. 367)

Temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group

5. Why was there increased labor unrest during World War II? (p. 366)

The government redistricted job mobility to ensure constant production. In some places, wages lagged behind rising prices and profits, and working conditions were less than ideal. Some people opposed working with women and African Americans.

How were the employment experiences for women & African Americans the same? (p. 369-370)

There were obstacles blocking the way to war involvement and production aid for women and blacks.

15a. What was the purpose of Executive Order 8802?

This measure assured fair hiring practices in any job funded with government money.

6. What was the purpose of the Office of War Information (OWI)? (p. 366)

This worked closely with the media to encourage the support of the war effort. This organization tried to spotlight common needs, minimize racial and economic divisions, and downplay problems of poverty and crime.

13. Describe the "Double V" campaign. (p. 370)

Victory against fascism abroad and victory against discrimination in the United States

How did the federal government control resources needed for the war effort?

War bonds, rationing, restricted job mobility and wages, established Office of War Information (OWI)

16. How did World War II affect migration in the US? (p. 371)

Wartime needs encouraged migration people moved to industrial cities and out of rural areas to take jobs in wartime industries or near military bases.

3. What was the purpose of FDR creating the Office of Price Administration (OPA)? (p. 366)

With factories converting to make goods needed for the war, consumer products soon became scarce. As shortages led to price increases, many feared that inflation would run wild. To manage this problem, FDR founded this.

11. What two groups of Americans found work as other Americans went to fight in World War II? (p. 369)

Women & African Americans

How were the employment experiences for women & African Americans different? (p. 369-370)

Women fought to be allowed to work in factories while blacks faced discrimination that was different from the kind women faced.

4b. What common items were rationed? (p. 366)

rubber, gasoline, butter, sugar, milk, canned goods, & meat