75% Math, Data Analysis and Probability
five-number summary of a data set.
A box-and-whisker plot shows ________________ .
(1) box-and-whisker displays (2) box plots
Box-and-whisker plots are also called
(1) Quartile deviation (2) 3rd quartile (Q3), 1st quartile (Q1).
(1) The interquartile range and the __________ refer to the same thing. (2) They both mean the difference between the _____________________ and the _____________________ .
(1) A branch that analyzes random phenomena (2) A way of calculating how likely an event is to occur.
In Mathematics, what is Probability?
As a sample size grows, its mean gets closer to the average of the whole population.
In probability and statistics, what is the law of large number?
(1) Theoretical Probability (2) Experimental Probability
Probability theory can be studied using two different approaches: (1) (2)
(1) First named lower quartile and higher quartile in 1879 (2) Physician (3) Gifted with mathematics and achieved the highest score in the final mathematics exams at Cambridge University in 1877 (4) Spoke nineteen languages
Sir Donald MacAlister (1) (2) (3) (4)
4 equal parts
A quartile divides data into ___________________ .
a data point that lies outside the overall pattern in a distribution.
An outlier is ____________________________ .
(1) I expect tails to come up 50 times and heads to come up 50 times. (2) The theoretical probability is 0.5 for a head.
I flip a coin 100 times. What are the 2 ways theoretical probability can be expressed?
mean
IQR measures how spread out the data points are from the __________________________.
(a) must be mutually Exclusive (non-overlapping.) (b) must be Continuous, (no gaps) (c) must be Exhaustive (everyone included) (d) must be Equal width (everyone the same) (e) width should be an Odd number so that the class midpoints have the same place value as the data.
What are the 5 rules of grouped frequency distribution classes? e-c-e-e-o
Probability of Event
What does P(E) stand for?
It divides the data in half.
What does the median do?
(1) The minimum. (2) Q1 (the first quartile, or the 25% mark). (3) The median. (4) Q3 (the third quartile, or the 75% mark). (5) The maximum.
What is a five number summary?
A display that shows how data is grouped.
What is a histogram?
The arrangement of data into sorted groups.
What is grouped frequency distribution?
Probability of Event P(E) = # Favorable outcomes/ # Possible outcomes.
What is the formula for theoretical probability?
(1) the median of the lower half (2) If the # of values is even, take the average of the two median values.
What is the lower quartile ?
# of probable desired outcomes # of possible outcomes
What is the probability fraction?
(1) middle 50% (2) midspread (3) H‑spread
Interquartile range is also called: (1) (2) (3)
Fraction
Probability is expressed as a ______________ ?
middle, smallest, median
Q1 is the _______________ number that falls between the _________________ number of a dataset and the ________________ .
Range from 0 to 1
The probability value is expressed as a number within the ___________________ .
The sorted groups of a frequency distribution
What are frequency distribution classes?
= interquartile range
upper quartile − lower quartile =
Q1-1.5(IQR) Q3+1.5(IQR)
outlier formula
(1) addition (2) multiplication (3) complement
The three basic rules connected with the probability are (1) (2) (3)
the mean of all the data.
the mean of the sample means is equal to
(1) Ratio (2) Number of times an event occurs (3) Total number of trials.
Experimental probability is the ___________________ of the __________________ to the _______________ .
1.5 times, interquartile range, quartiles, outliers
Data that is more than ________________ the value of the ________________ beyond the ________________ are called ________________ .
What is expected to happen based on an ideal situation
Define theoretical probability.
a rule of thumb
Remember that the interquartile rule is only ________________ that generally holds but does not apply to every case.
the more spread out the data points
The higher the IQR __________________________.
Outliers
The interquartile range is resistance to ______________ .
(1) Skewed distributions (2) Data sets with outliers (3) Middle
The interquartile range is the best measure of variability for ___________________ or _________________ because it's based on values that come from the __________________.
(1) Spread, variability and statistical dispersion (2) The difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
The interquartile range measures (1) (2)
IQR, range, middle half
The interquartile range or __________ is the __________ of the __________ of a set of data.
first, Q1
The lower quartile is also called the _______________ quartile and ________________ .
Data in half.
The median separates ______________________ .
The median
The second quartile, Q2, is __________________ .
the more bunched up the data points are around the mean.
The smaller the IQR __________________________.