7.7: Conducting World War II

Describe the Battle of Stalingrad and its effects:

A Soviet counter offensive successfully defeated the pride of HIlter's military in the Battle of Stalingrad. The momentum of the war in Europe had turned against the Nazis.

When and why did Japan surrender? What is V-J Day?

Allied victories combined with nuclear attacks caused Japan to surrender. Forma surrender ceremonies as Victory over Japan Day.

What is the significance of the Battle of the Bulge?

An Allied victory left Germany with no realistic expectation of winning the war, yet Hilter refused to give up.

How did governments minimize resistance to militarism leading up to WWI?

Appeal to ideological beliefs, including fascism and communism.

Who was the last major hold out against Nazi aggression in WWI?

Britain was the last major holdout against Nazi power.

Why did Germany have to postpone his attempts to invade GB?

Britain's superior planes and radar system allowed it to destroy German planes faster than they could be replaced.

How many people died in WWII?

Deaths of around 75 million people.

When did the US enter the war?

December 1941.

What was the effect of Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor:

Destroyed much of the U.S Pacific fleet. Japan believed that would promote the United States to negotiate a settlement favorable to Japan immediately. Instead, U.S isolationism disappeared; public opinion demanded retaliation against Japan. Great Britain and China joined the United States in the fight against Japanese aggression. Hilter responded to the U.S declaration of war against Japan with his own declaration of war against the United States.

Battle of Midway Island:

Destruction of four Japanese aircraft carriers.

Why did the US not want to invade the Japanese homeland?

Feared might lead to enormous Allied casualties.

What would shape global affairs for the next 5 decades?

Fierce ideological battle between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Guadalacanal:

First major allied offensive

Germany: Where did Germany take most of its labor from?

German leaders relied on forced labor, some of it in concentration camps.

What nations was Germany able to conquer after their success in Poland?

Germany's success in Poland encouraged HItler to attack and conquer Denmark and Norway, and the Netherlands, Belgium and France.

What new military tactics were employed at this time?

Governments also used new military technology and tactics, including the atomic bomb and "total war".

What happened to Italy's fascist ruler Mussollini and Germany's Hitler?

Hiding a burger in Berlin and Hilter committed suciide. Mussolin had been killed by members of the Italian resistance.

What events led to the fall of Mussollini?

In spite of German forces sent to aid Italy, the Allies gained control of the island of Sicily in July 1943, leading to the fall of Mussolini.

WWII changed how people thought about what?

It changed how people thought about racism, social empires and international relations.

What threatened Japan's economy at this time and how did Japan plan to retaliate?

Its occupation of China led to economic sanctions by the United States. Because Japan's economy relied on oil and scrap iron from the uNited States, sanctions threaten its economy and undercut its military expansion.

Describe some of Japan's early victories (what territory did they get, who did the attack, etc.)

Japan then seized the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies, British Malaya, Burma, and numerous Pacific islands.

Describe D-Day and its impact on WWI.

June 6 1944. Allied forces under the command of U.S General Dwight Eisenhower launched an amphibious invasion from England, landing on the beaches of Normandy in northern France. The Allies established a base to begin the march toward Paris, liberated Germany's defeat.

What was the result of the Battle of Kursk?

Largest tank battle of the war. The soviet challenged the instance of German Blitzkrieg by holding their defensive position and then counterattacking Progress in Ukraine and the Baltic States in 1944. The Soviets took control of Warsaw, Poland and the soviet moved on to Hungary, Romania, and Bulgeari and advanced on Berlin.

Describe the Battle of Britain:

Luftwaffe, the German air force. He believed that bombardment from the air would sufficiently weaken the country so the German sea and land forces could mount a successful invasion. Targeting military bases. The German turendt o bombing British cities after the British Royal Air Force conducted a raid on Berlin. Relentless bonding. The British Navy was able to rebuild after the earlier raids on its base. Britain's superior planes and radar system allowed Germany to destroy German places faster than they could be replaced.

What happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki? How many died?

President Truman ordered to drop the first atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Total of 140,000 Japanese civilians died.

Atlantic Charter:

Set down basic goals for the post-war world Provision as the restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, the abandonment of the use of force and the disarmament of aggressor nations.

Describe the Siege of Leningrad and its effects:

Soviets defined the city of Leningrad in the Siege of Lenigrad lasted 3 years and led to the deaths of a million Soviety men, women and children.

Describe Douglas MacArthur's "Island hopping" strategy and explain why it was successful:

The Allies attacked islands where Japan was weak and shipped those where Japan was strong. The Allies, and a great human cost, moved through the Philippines, getting closer to Japan itself.

In which battle did the "tide turn" and the British defeat Germany?

The British defeated Rommel at the Battle of El Alamein.

Describe the state of France in the mid 20th century.

The Germans approached Paris, the French government fled to Bordeaux. Germany took direct control of the northern two-thirds of the country. French set up a new pro-Nazi regime based in Vichy under Marshal Henri-Philippe Petain.

How did colonial armies, like the Indian Army, participate in the war?

The Indian Army sent troops to North Africa and the bulk of its troops fought against the Japee in Southeast Asia.

How did the Nonaggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union impact Japan?

The Japanese had looked to expand into Soviet Siberia, but when Germany and the Soviets signed the Non Aggression Pact of 1939, Japan had to look elsewhere for new territory.

Battle of the Coral Sea:

The U.S Navy stopped a Japanese fleet set to invade New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, thus helping to prevent a future invasion of Australia.

US: How did the US industry change during WWII?

The United States ramped up production of the resources required for war, including ships, tanks, planes, landing craft, radio equipment, guns and ammunition.

What was the significance of aircraft carriers to the allied war effort:

The development of fleets of aircraft carriers, ships that allowed planes to take off from and land on their decks at sea, provided air support for battleships and increased the range and flexibility of naval forces.

Did Japan's women mobilize in the war effort?

The government took pride in not using women in the war.

Japan: Describe how Japan's government presented the war:

The home front was confused. The government presented an optimistic view of the war instead of trying to mobilize resources .

What was Japan's goal with the "New Order in East Asia"?

The occupation of parts of China in Japan's overall strategy to look elsewhere for new territory.

What was Hitler's goal in invading the Soviet Union? (Also, this isn't in the book, but based on what you know - what agreement was Hitler going back on with this invasion?)

The operation put into action Nazi Germany's ideological goal of conquering the western Soviet Union so as to repopulate it with Germans.

What did US factories produce at this time?

The resources required for war, including ships, tanks, planes, landing craft and radar equipment, guns and ammunition.

Why was this system counterproductive?

The workers were treated poorly and productivity was low.

Lend-Lease Act:

United States gave up all pretensions of neutrality by lending war materials to Britain.

Destroyers-for-Bases Agreement:

United States promised delivery of 50 destroyers in exchange for eight British air and naval bases in the Western Hemisphere.

Who were the Allied powers?

United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

What is V-E Day?

Victory in Europe Day. Marked the official end of the war in Europe.

Who found work in US factories after men left for war?

Women found far more opportunities to work, in factories and offices.

What similarities and differences were there in the methods governments used to conduct war?s drawing closer.

World War II was a total war. Governments used a variety of strategies, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified forms of nationalism, to mobilize populations (both in the home countries and the colonies or former colonies) for the purpose of waging war. Governments used ideologies, including fascism and communism to mobilize all of their state's resources for war and, in the case of totalitarian states, to repress basic freedoms and dominate many aspects of daily life during the course of the conflicts and beyond. New military technology and new tactics, including the atomic bomb, fire-bombing, and the waging of "total war" led to increased levels of wartime casualties. Western democracies mobilizing for war: § Great Britain under Winston Churchill § United States under Franklin Roosevelt Totalitarian states mobilizing for war: § Germany under Adolf Hitler § USSR under Joseph Stalin

Define blitzkrieg:

or lightning war

Germany, despite being successful in Western Europe, was not successful in Russia because they were at the mercy of the harsh Russian ________.

winter