7Ch 13 Therapies Questions

True or false: Most clinical psychologists also have an MD or medical degree.

False

True or false: Psychosurgery is the fixing of a brain structure to improve an individual's adjustment.

False

True or false: When a humanistic therapist expresses unconditional positive regard, he or she is doing so to judge the client's behavior and hold the client accountable.

False

True or false: Clinical psychology is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

True

True or false: Cognitive treatment works to change behavior or feelings by changing thoughts.

True

True or false: Drug therapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychological disorders.

True

True or false: Electroconvulsive therapy sets off a seizure in the brain.

True

True or false: Psychoanalysis is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing unconscious thoughts.

True

True or false: Transference is psychoanalytic term for the client reliving important relationships via the therapist.

True

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, are widely prescribed because they have fewer side effects than other antidepressants. They do have some side effects, however, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Anxiety b. Interaction with fermented foods c. Insomnia d. Headache e. Reduced sexual functioning

a. Anxiety c. Insomnia d. Headache e. Reduced sexual functioning

Psychotherapeutic drugs are used mainly in which of the following diagnostic categories? (Select all that apply.) a. Anxiety disorders b. Schizophrenia c. Personality disorders d. Mood disorders

a. Anxiety disorders b. Schizophrenia d. Mood disorders

Which of the following are the newest type of antipsychotic drugs? a. Atypical antipsychotic medications b. Benzodiazepines c. Neuroleptic antipsychotic medications

a. Atypical antipsychotic medications

_____ work by binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety. a. Benzodiazepines b. Histamines c. Schizophrenia drugs d. Neurotransmitters

a. Benzodiazepines

MAO inhibitors are used less often than the tricyclic antidepressants because of potential interactions with which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Cheese and other fermented foods b. Some alcoholic beverages c. Foods containing eggs or wheat d. Fruit and fruit juice drinks e. Chocolate and other foods high in sugar

a. Cheese and other fermented foods b. Some alcoholic beverages

Dr. Addison is a behavior therapist. When she explains what she does, which of the following are included in the explanation? a. Classical conditioning techniques b. Eliminating irrational beliefs c. Operant conditioning techniques d. Cognitive restructuring

a. Classical conditioning techniques c. Operant conditioning techniques

Which of the following types of professionals cannot write prescriptions for drugs? (Select all that apply.) a. Counselors b. Psychiatrists c. Gestalt therapists d. Clinical psychologists

a. Counselors c. Gestalt therapists d. Clinical psychologists

The sociocultural approach to therapy involves acknowledging which of the following that characterize a person's life. (Select all that apply.) a. Cultural contexts b. Roles c. Hormonal changes d. Relationships

a. Cultural contexts b. Roles d. Relationships

Neuroleptics are drugs that block the action of which of the following? a. Dopamine b. Serotonin c. Epinephrine d. Norepinephrine

a. Dopamine

Which of these are closely aligned with the biological approach to therapy? (Select all that apply.) a. ECT b. Antidepressants c. Psychoanalysis d. Psychosurgery e. Cognitive behavioral therapy

a. ECT b. Antidepressants d. Psychosurgery

Which of the following is not a new strategy for treating individuals with schizophrenia? a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Drug therapy in which smaller doses are given over time, rather than an initial large dose c. Combining drug therapy and psychotherapy d. Training in vocational, family, and social skills

a. Electroconvulsive therapy

Biological or biomedical therapies seek the reduction or elimination of symptoms of psychological disorders through the use of which of the following treatments? (Select all that apply.) a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Psychosurgery c. Cognitive reshaping d. Psychoanalysis e. Drugs

a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Psychosurgery e. Drugs

Which four of the following are erroneous ways of thinking associated with Beck's approach to cognitive therapy? a. Engaging in absolutist thinking b. Underestimating the importance of undesirable events c. Perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary d. Magnifying the importance of undesirable events f. Overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples g. Engaging in useless praise of others in an attempt to be liked

a. Engaging in absolutist thinking c. Perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary d. Magnifying the importance of undesirable events f. Overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples

Self-instructional methods can be used in therapy by giving the client which of the following? a. Examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements b. An instruction book on operant conditioning c. Instruction on how to conduct systematic desensitization at home d. Instructions to videotape a whole day's activities and review them

a. Examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements

Psychoanalytic therapists consider dream analysis to be an outlet for which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Expressing unconscious conflicts b. Expressing unconscious thoughts c. Expressing conscious conflicts d. Practicing words and actions for the near future e. Expressing unconscious wishes

a. Expressing unconscious conflicts b. Expressing unconscious thoughts e. Expressing unconscious wishes

The fact that individuals receive information about their problems from other members, that individuals observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well, that members support one another, and the fact that corrective feedback from peers may correct flaws in the individual's interpersonal skills are all attractive features of which therapy approach? a. Group b. Individual c. Couples

a. Group

How do humanistic therapists see their role? a. Guiding or facilitating b. Active, directive c. Judgmental, argumentative

a. Guiding or facilitating

Which two of the following are goals of the cognitive therapist? a. Identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating b. Changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning c. Uncovering a person's unconscious thoughts d. Emphasizing a person's self-healing capacities

a. Identifying and challenging thinking that is self-defeating b. Changing patterns of thought presumed to cause maladaptive functioning

Antipsychotic drugs do which of the following in individuals with severe psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. Improve social behavior b. Decrease hallucinations c. Reduce tension d. Diminish agitated behavior e. Relieve anxiety f. Promote weight loss

a. Improve social behavior b. Decrease hallucinations c. Reduce tension d. Diminish agitated behavior

The SSRI type of antidepressant drugs acts by doing which of the following? a. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain b. Interfering with the release of serotonin in the brain c. Interfering with the reabsorption of norepinephrine in the brain d. Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase

a. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain

Which of the following are critiques of ECT? (Select all that apply.) a. It does not produce long-term improvement. b. When it does work, we do not know why. c. After treatments, patients often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months. d. It emphasizes changing external behavior, and so people do not gain insight into thoughts and expectations.

a. It does not produce long-term improvement. b. When it does work, we do not know why. c. After treatments, patients often experience disorientation, confusion, and sometimes memory loss that may remain for months.

Which of the following are true of psychoanalysis? (Select all that apply.) a. It is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts. b. It assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior. c. It uses reflective speech, in which the therapist mirrors the person's own feelings back to him or her. d. Free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanalysis.

a. It is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts. b. It assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior. d. Free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanalysis.

Which of the following is the best explanation of tardive dyskinesia? a. It is a neurological disorder that is the possible consequence of taking neuroleptics. b. It is used mainly to treat severely depressed individuals. c. It is widely used to treat bipolar disorder.

a. It is a neurological disorder that is the possible consequence of taking neuroleptics.

Kidney and thyroid gland complications are possible consequences of the use of which of the following? a. Lithium b. Antipsychotic drugs c .Antianxiety drugs d. SSRI drugs

a. Lithium

Antidepressants can be used to treat the primary symptoms of which of the following disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. Major depression b. Anxiety disorders c. Schizophrenia

a. Major depression b. Anxiety disorders

Contemporary psychodynamic therapies differ from the original approach in that contemporary practitioners do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Place more importance on the conscious mind b. No longer probe a person's unconscious c. No longer emphasize emotionally laden, unconscious conflicts d. Now typically have their clients sit in a chair e. Typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time

a. Place more importance on the conscious mind d. Now typically have their clients sit in a chair e. Typically see their clients less frequently and for a shorter time

Client-centered therapy is a humanistic therapy that emphasizes which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Providing a warm, supportive atmosphere b. Openly exaggerating a client's characteristics c. Free association d. Encouraging the client to gain insight into problems e. Dream interpretation f. Helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings

a. Providing a warm, supportive atmosphere d. Encouraging the client to gain insight into problems f. Helping to identify and understand the client's genuine feelings

New procedures for treating psychotic patients include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Providing training in vocational and social skills b. Psychosurgery c. Administering electroconvulsive therapy d. Combining drug therapy with psychotherapy e. Administering small doses of antipsychotic medications over time

a. Providing training in vocational and social skills d. Combining drug therapy with psychotherapy e. Administering small doses of antipsychotic medications over time

Which of the following are assumptions of Beck's cognitive therapy? (Select all that apply.) a. Psychological problems result when people think illogically. b. Many people have three basic demands involving "musts" and "shoulds." c. The goal of therapy should be to help people recognize and change thinking that is self-defeating. d. Automatic thoughts should be examined.

a. Psychological problems result when people think illogically. c. The goal of therapy should be to help people recognize and change thinking that is self-defeating. d. Automatic thoughts should be examined.

The goals of psychodynamic therapy are to help individuals to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts b. Reduce the associations between maladaptive behaviors and reinforcers c. Develop their authenticity d. Recognize their maladaptive coping skills

a. Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts d. Recognize their maladaptive coping skills

Which the following are main classes of antidepressant? (Select all that apply.) a. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors c. Benzodiazepines d. Selective dopamine reuptake facilitators

a. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors b. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Dr. Skelton considers herself to be a practitioner of contemporary psychodynamic therapy. Which of the following are most likely true of her therapeutic style? (Select all that apply.) a. She probes the unconscious of the patient. b. Therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis. c. She places less emphasis on sex than traditional psychoanalysts do. d. There is no emphasis on early childhood experiences.

a. She probes the unconscious of the patient. b. Therapy sessions are less frequent than in the traditional version of psychoanalysis. c. She places less emphasis on sex than traditional

For what reason are MAO inhibitors used less often than the tricyclic antidepressants? a. The tricyclic antidepressants have relatively fewer side effects. b. The effectiveness of the MAO inhibitors has been found to be mainly due to the placebo effect. c. The tricyclic antidepressants are without side effects. d. The tricyclic antidepressants are much more effective, in spite of having more side effects.

a. The tricyclic antidepressants have relatively fewer side effects.

What happens when patients quit taking their prescribed neuroleptic drugs? a. Their symptoms return because neuroleptics treat the symptoms, not the cause. b. They are moved to an antidepressant to maintain their improvement. c. Their symptoms do not return. d. Their symptoms return if they quit too soon, but not if they take them for the prescribed time period.

a. Their symptoms return because neuroleptics treat the symptoms, not the cause.

Which of the following are reasons some believe psychologists should have the ability to write prescriptions for psychiatric medications? (Select all that apply.) a. There is decreased risk of overprescribing. b. Treatment can be more efficient. c. There is a possibility prescribed psychiatric medication may interact with other body systems. d. Psychologists have extensive training in medical school to prepare for treating disorders with medication.

a. There is decreased risk of overprescribing. b. Treatment can be more efficient.

Which technique can a psychoanalyst use to help a patient examine past relationships that were psychologically difficult? a. Transference b. Resistance c. Systematic desensitization

a. Transference

Which of the following are true of tricyclic medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters. b. Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them. c. Tricyclics block the enzyme monoamine oxidase. d. Tricyclics are antianxiety drugs known as tranquilizers.

a. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters. b. Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them.

Which of the following are examples of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.) a. Valium b. Ritalin c. Xanax d. Lithium

a. Valium c. Xanax

How do biological therapies reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. With drugs b. With systematic desensitization c. By the manipulation of genes that underlie mental illnesses d. With psychosurgery e. Through electroconvulsive therapy

a. With drugs d. With psychosurgery e. Through electroconvulsive therapy

When a patient does not respond to tricyclics, an alternative treatment for depression can be _____. a. an MAO inhibitor b. a neuroleptic c. lithium d. a tranquilizer

a. an MAO inhibitor

Drugs that block the action of the dopamine system are given to individuals who are thought to have too much dopamine. This type of drug is known as a(n) _____. a. antipsychotic b. neuroleptic c. antidepressant d. antianxiety drug

a. antipsychotic b. neuroleptic

MAO inhibitors work because they block an enzyme that _____. a. breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin b. increases the level of norepinephrine and serotonin c. blocks the reuptake of serotonin d. facilitates the reuptake of serotonin

a. breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin

Freud referred to the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting event as _____. a. catharsis b. reflective speech c. resistance d. transference

a. catharsis

If a therapist has a client repeat reinforcing self-statements such as "I won't worry. Worry doesn't help anything," "I have a lot of different strategies I can call on," and "I can meet the challenge," then the therapist is using _____ therapy. a. cognitive-behavioral b. Gestalt c. psychodynamic d. humanistic

a. cognitive-behavioral

Psychoanalytic therapists deem the interpretation of their clients' words and actions to be important because what a client says and does _____. a. contains hidden meanings b. is often intentionally dishonest c. often reflects the TV and movie scripts seen by the client d. contains many relevant and irrelevant statements

a. contains hidden meanings

The most common form of biomedical therapy is _____. a. drug therapy b. psychosurgery c. electroconvulsive therapy d. cognitive therapy

a. drug therapy

Therapists who identify themselves as not adhering to any one method of therapy are said to be practicing _____ therapy. a. integrative or eclectic b. humanistic c. behavioral d. psychodynamic

a. integrative or eclectic

While the exact mechanism is not known, _____, the drug used to treat bipolar disorder, is thought to influence mood by influencing _____ levels. a. lithium; norepinephrine and serotonin b. Xanax; GABA c. atypical antipsychotics; norepinephrine and serotonin

a. lithium; norepinephrine and serotonin

In psychoanalytic theory, the surface description of a dream is called its _____ content, whereas the true unconscious meaning of the dream is called its _____ content. a. manifest; latent b. symbolic; realistic c. latent; manifest d. realistic; symbolic

a. manifest; latent

Humanistic therapists are known for using reflective speech and a nondirective approach to treatment. This is indicative of the therapist's attempt to help but _____. a. not to lead the client to any particular revelation b. to only establish the direction or topic when the problem is based in unconscious conflicts c. also to provide a transference relationship d. also to improve the client's verbal skills

a. not to lead the client to any particular revelation

If a worker does not have formal mental health training but has been trained by a professional to provide some mental health services, this worker is known as a _____. a. paraprofessional b. psychiatrist c. psychologist d. social worker

a. paraprofessional

A side effect of a prefrontal lobotomy is _____. a. permanent and profound brain damage b. insomnia and restlessness c. tardive dyskinesia d. diarrhea

a. permanent and profound brain damage

Compared to cognitive therapy and antidepressant therapy, ECT _____. a. produces rapid improvements b. is usually preferred over antidepressant therapy c. produces no side effects d. is usually preferred to cognitive therapy by patients

a. produces rapid improvements

A counseling psychologist is a _____. a. psychologist with a PhD, PsyD, or EdD who does therapy and counseling b. graduate of a school of social work with additional clinical training c. psychologist who specializes in a treatment first developed by Freud

a. psychologist with a PhD, PsyD, or EdD who does therapy and counseling

The goal of behavior therapy is to _____. a. reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior b. reduce inner conflicts established in childhood c. change patterns of thought that cause the distress d. distinguish between the client's behavior and the client's worth as a human being

a. reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

Antidepressant drugs a. regulate mood b. increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain c. include eight main classes d. are typically used for temporary, symptomatic relief

a. regulate mood b. increase or maintain the level of neurotransmitters in the brain

The unconscious defense strategy that prevents the analyst from understanding the client's problems is called _____. a. resistance b. transference c. dream analysis d. catharsis

a. resistance

A potential side effect of taking neuroleptic drugs is _____. a. tardive dyskinesia b. insomnia or other sleep disorders c. anxiety d. diarrhea

a. tardive dyskinesia

The concept of self-efficacy can be useful in therapy when people need _____. a. to bolster their confidence b. to put the importance of undesirable events in perspective c. to stop overgeneralizing in response to infrequent events d. a way to decatastrophize

a. to bolster their confidence

Unlike the earlier psychosurgery techniques, modern surgeries _____. (Select all that apply.) a. use small lesions and are much more precise b. are used only for schizophrenic individuals c. target the amygdala or other part of the limbic system d. are combined with ECT for maximum benefit

a. use small lesions and are much more precise c. target the amygdala or other part of the limbic system

____ drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person can experience and increase feelings of well-being.

antianxiety

____ drugs are a class of medications used to treat depression and improve the moods of the patients.

antidepressant

One reason that supports a psychologist having the ability to prescribe drugs is which of the following? a. It is universally supported in the medical community. b. A psychologist's first impulse is to treat with psychotherapy, not medicine. c. Psychologists have enough training to know everything about pharmaceuticals. d. Most pharmaceuticals are not so strong that they present a risk to the patient.

b. A psychologist's first impulse is to treat with psychotherapy, not medicine.

Licensing requirements for mental health professionals vary from state to state; however, every state emphasizes two types of requirements in the licensing process. These two requirements are which of the following? a. Ability to practice using a variety of therapeutic approaches b. Amount and type of training c. Skill level, as assessed through formal examination d. Freedom from a history of mental illness e. Number of years of experience in the mental health field

b. Amount and type of training c. Skill level, as assessed through formal examination

Moniz developed the original lobotomy procedure, and Freeman developed his own version using a surgical instrument similar to what? a. A small, thin scissors b. An ice pick c. A slotted spoon d. A hand drill

b. An ice pick

_____ drugs are used to reduce severe symptoms of disturbance, such as loss of touch with reality and agitation. a. Mood stabilizer b. Antipsychotic c. Antidepressant

b. Antipsychotic

Which of the following types of therapy offers action-oriented strategies and uses principles of learning to help clients? a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Behavioral therapy c. Humanistic therapy d. Psychodynamic therapy

b. Behavioral therapy

MAO inhibitors might be particularly risky because of their potential interaction with which of the following? a. Sleep/wake cycles b. Certain foods and drugs c. Depression

b. Certain foods and drugs

Which is one of the things that spurred the community mental health movement? a. Greater efforts by business leaders to assist communities in which they operated b. Deplorable conditions inside some psychiatric facilities c. A government decree that made mental health a priority

b. Deplorable conditions inside some psychiatric facilities

Neuroleptic drugs are known to affect what neurotransmitter? a. Acetylcholine b. Dopamine c. Serotonin d. Norepinephrine

b. Dopamine

In psychoanalysis, Freud's technique emphasized the idea that current problems could be traced to which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Not being the recipient of unconditional positive regard b. Experiences not available to the conscious mind c. A lack of empathy and authenticity d. Early childhood experiences e. Conflicts about sexuality

b. Experiences not available to the conscious mind d. Early childhood experiences e. Conflicts about sexuality

The psychodynamic approaches to therapy are based largely on whose theories? a. Ellis b. Freud c. Rogers d. Beck

b. Freud

Which of the following statements describe how cognitive therapy works? (Select all that apply.) a. The therapist is nondirective and does not lead the client to any particular revelation. b. It focuses on overt symptoms, not covert ones. c. It emphasizes thought or cognition. d. It is relatively short-term compared to some therapies.

b. It focuses on overt symptoms, not covert ones. c. It emphasizes thought or cognition. d. It is relatively short-term compared to some therapies.

When a client-centered therapist relates to a client with authenticity, the therapist does which of the following? a. Probes the childhood experiences of the client b. Lets the client know the feelings of the therapist c. Encourages congruence between verbal and nonverbal behavior d. Provides alternate behavioral alternatives

b. Lets the client know the feelings of the therapist

Harrison was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and will MOST likely be prescribed which of the following? a. An MAO inhibitor b. Lithium c. A benzodiazepine d. An antipsychotic

b. Lithium

Which of the following are side effects of antianxiety drugs? (Select all that apply.) a. Insomnia and other sleep disorders b. Mental slowness c. Fatigue d. Loss of coordination

b. Mental slowness c. Fatigue d. Loss of coordination

The prefrontal lobotomy procedure, as practiced by Walter Freeman, sought to alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness with surgeries that lasted how long? a. Hours b. Minutes c. Seconds d. Days

b. Minutes

A therapist who uses the technique of reflective speech does which of the following? a. Reflects on what patients have said b. Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them c. Provides insight into patients' unconscious thoughts d. Makes patients repeat positive statements about themselves

b. Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them

During psychoanalysis, transference can do which of the following? a. Develop a relationship that is stronger than that of any of the patient's existing relationships b. Provide a model of how individuals relate to important people in their lives c. Provide at least one true friend, the analyst d. Replace maladaptive stimulus-response associations with adaptive ones

b. Provide a model of how individuals relate to important people in their lives

_____ therapy consists of guiding clients to consider their past experiences, from their first memories on, as well as uncovering unconscious conflict. a. Biomedical b. Psychodynamic c. Humanistic d. Cognitive

b. Psychodynamic

In a conversation, your friend states, "I don't believe in therapy because it doesn't work." Based on your reading, which of the following points would you use in response? (Select all that apply.) a. Research shows that only psychoanalysis works to treat disorders. b. Psychotherapy grounded in theory may be effective for years after treatment. c. Research shows that psychotherapy does not work in most cases. d. Psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment at all for psychological disorders.

b. Psychotherapy grounded in theory may be effective for years after treatment. d. Psychotherapy is more effective than no treatment at all for psychological disorders.

The therapeutic alliance is defined by which of the following? a. Nature of the funding for therapy, community support, or managed care b. Relationship between the therapist and client c. Nature of the funding for therapy, the patient's personal income, or managed care d. Nature of the diagnoses and the type of treatment

b. Relationship between the therapist and client

Which are the two most widely used atypical antipsychotic medications? a. MAO inhibitors b. Risperidone c. Clozapine d. Xanax

b. Risperidone c. Clozapine

Which of the following are true of humanistic psychotherapy? (Select all that apply.) a. There is an assumption that the obvious problem is the actual problem. b. There is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities. c. The therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere. d. People are encouraged to understand themselves.

b. There is an emphasis on peoples' self-healing capacities. c. The therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere. d. People are encouraged to understand themselves.

Which of the following are true of tricyclic medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Tricyclics are antianxiety drugs known as tranquilizers. b. Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them. c. Tricyclics block the enzyme monoamine oxidase. d. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters.

b. Tricyclics reduce depressive symptoms in 60 to 70 percent of people taking them. d. Tricyclics increase the level of certain neurotransmitters.

Drugs that block the action of the dopamine system are given to individuals who are thought to have too much dopamine. This type of drug is known as a(n) _____. (Select more than one). a. antidepressant b. antipsychotic c. antianxiety drug d. neuroleptic

b. antipsychotic d. neuroleptic

Psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapists sometimes encourage their clients to discuss, and in a sense relive, emotionally charged events. This is referred to as _____. a. transference b. catharsis c. resistance

b. catharsis

The concept of empathy as it is used in humanistic therapy is a therapist's attempt to _____. a. get the client to understand the true emotions of the therapist, especially as they relate to the client b. feel the emotions that the client is feeling c. get the client to be aware of the emotions of friends and family d. get the client to become aware of hidden, unconscious emotions

b. feel the emotions that the client is feeling

The type of dream content that is the unconscious, hidden aspects is known as the _____ content. a. transference b. latent c. authentic d. manifest

b. latent

A therapist who uses a variety of therapeutic approaches, depending on the specific diagnosis, is said to _____. a. emphasize the therapeutic alliance b. practice integrative therapy c. practice nontraditional therapy d. engage in primary prevention

b. practice integrative therapy

Ella's therapist has told her that he practices insight therapy in which an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _____ or _____. a. cognitive b. psychodynamic c. humanistic d. behavioral

b. psychodynamic c. humanistic

While the exact mechanism is not known, lithium is thought to influence mood by influencing _____ levels. (Select all that apply.) a. sertraline b. serotonin c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine e. paroxetine

b. serotonin d. norepinephrine

MAO inhibitors are sometimes prescribed when it has been found that _____ have not been effective. a. lithium salts b. tricyclics c. neuroleptics d. antipsychotics

b. tricyclics

The concept of authenticity is used by humanistic therapists and involves letting a client know the _____. a. hidden conflicts of the unconscious b. true feelings of the therapist c. true nature of his or her personality

b. true feelings of the therapist

A therapist who uses client-centered therapy and endeavors to create a warm and caring environment, never disapproving of the client as a person, is engaging in _____. a. transference b. unconditional positive regard c. cognitive restructuring d. reflective speech

b. unconditional positive regard

Individuals develop the sense that other people suffer and feel anguish as they do in group therapy. This is the _____ feature of group therapy. a. development of social skills b. universality c. altruism d. information

b. universality

The ____ approach to therapy involves treatments that address symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of bodily functioning.

biological

____ therapies are treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual's body functions.

biological

For many clinical disorders, _____ sessions of treatment are better than receiving no treatment. a. four to seven b. one to two c. 12 to 14 d. zero

c. 12 to 14

Tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are examples of what type of drug? a. Antipsychotic b. Tranquilizer c. Antidepressant d. Antianxiety

c. Antidepressant

People are given a drug that causes vomiting and nausea whenever they drink alcohol. What is this an example of? a. Exposure treatments b. System desensitization c. Aversive conditioning d. Thought stopping

c. Aversive conditioning

Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all examples of what kind of therapy? a. Gestalt b. Humanistic c. Biological d. Psychotherapy

c. Biological

Cognitive restructuring is designed to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Teach adaptive behavior patterns through changes in the environment b. Develop awareness of inherent potential for growth c. Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive emotion d. Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior

c. Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive emotion d. Change a pattern of thought that is causing a maladaptive behavior

Self-instructional methods can be used in therapy by giving the client which of the following? a. Instructions to videotape a whole day's activities and review them b. Instruction on how to conduct systematic desensitization at home c. Examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements d. An instruction book on operant conditioning

c. Examples of constructive statements and asking them to repeat the statements

Which of the following statements concerning psychotherapy is FALSE? a. Most therapies share several basic similar elements. b. No single form of psychotherapy works best for every problem. c. For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment. d. For most people, psychotherapy is effective.

c. For many clinical disorders, no treatment is better than receiving a treatment.

Established by Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy attempts to help a patient by which of the following? a. Discovering the unconscious conflicts caused by early childhood experiences b. Determining what behaviors are causing unhappiness and changing them c. Helping patients identify and understanding their feelings d. Using the procedures of free association and dream analysis

c. Helping patients identify and understanding their feelings

Antidepressant drugs can affect mood by doing which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Increasing the levels of the enzyme monoamine oxidase b. Decreasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin c. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain d. Increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin e. Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase

c. Interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain d. Increasing the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin e. Blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase

ECT is given mainly to individuals who have not responded to drug therapy or psychotherapy, and its administration involves which of the following? a. A high level of pain b. Extended inpatient hospital care c. Little discomfort d. No side effects

c. Little discomfort

Which FOUR of the following are side effects of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs? a. Shortness of breath b. Loss of weight c. Memory difficulties d. Sleepiness e. Restlessness f. Faintness

c. Memory difficulties d. Sleepiness e. Restlessness f. Faintness

_____ are the most widely used class of antipsychotic drugs. a. Antidepressants b. Antianxiety drugs c. Neuroleptics

c. Neuroleptics

Leslie co-facilitates an Alcoholics Anonymous group once per week at her local community center. While she has had some training, she does not have a graduate degree in counseling or clinical psychology. She would be referred to as which of the following? a. Psychologist b. Psychiatrist c. Paraprofessional d. Sociologist

c. Paraprofessional

Since psychoanalysts believe that thoughts related to mental distress are unconscious and hidden, they feel that dream analysis does which of the following? a. Provides a valuable outlet for conscious processes b. Is not relevant to psychoanalysis c. Provides a valuable outlet for unconscious processes d. Is useful only after the hidden conflicts have been identified

c. Provides a valuable outlet for unconscious processes

Matt has been seeing a therapist several times a week for the past five years. During his sessions, he spends time free associating and talking about his past. What type of therapy is this? a. Behavioral b. Humanistic c. Psychodynamic d. Cognitive

c. Psychodynamic

What therapy is based on Freud's psychoanalytic approach to personality? a. Humanistic b. Cognitive c. Psychodynamic d. Behavioral

c. Psychodynamic

_____ represents an ability to master a situation and produce positive outcomes. a. Self-regard b. Self-control c. Self-efficacy d. Self-formation

c. Self-efficacy

_____ is a behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations. a. Rational-emotive therapy b. Aversion therapy c. Systematic desensitization d. Dialectical behavior therapy

c. Systematic desensitization

_____ seek(s) to use a variety of techniques, integrating several perspectives, to treat a person's problems. a. Meta-analytic techniques b. The humanistic approach c. The eclectic approach to therapy

c. The eclectic approach to therapy

In spite of side effects such as memory loss and other cognitive impairments, why do some therapists feel that ECT is an appropriate therapy? a. The results last longer than the improvement found with cognitive therapy. b. It is much cheaper than drug therapy. c. The rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives. d. The results last longer than the improvement found with drug therapy.

c. The rapid improvement in depressed patients can save lives.

Whereas the effectiveness of ECT, cognitive therapy, and drug therapy is comparable, ECT has the advantage in what way? a. The fact that follow-up treatments can be carried out in the home b. The positive experience that it produces in the patient c. The speed with which alteration in mood is achieved d. Medical doctors are not needed for the administration.

c. The speed with which alteration in mood is achieved

What is the goal of psychotherapy? a. To produce change in a person through prescription drugs b. To produce change in a person through in-patient medical procedures c. To produce change in a person through discussions with a therapist

c. To produce change in a person through discussions with a therapist

In the practice of integrative therapy, a therapist might do which three of the following? a. Work on integrating the client into family and society more effectively b. Ignore cultural and spiritual concerns in an attempt to focus on specific maladaptive behaviors c. Treat the same individual with both psychotherapy and drug therapy d. Use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach e. Use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option

c. Treat the same individual with both psychotherapy and drug therapy d. Use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach e. Use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option

Xanax and Valium are _____ drugs and are among the medications most frequently prescribed by physicians. a. antidepressant b. antipsychotic c. antianxiety

c. antianxiety

Benzodiazepines work by _____. a. reducing the permeability of the cell walls of neurons, disrupting the flow of anxiety-related activity b. slowing the reuptake of serotonin c. binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety d. slowing the neuronal signal as it passes through each axon

c. binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety

One of the major factors in the outcomes of therapy is not just the therapist, but also the _____. a. type of therapy b. location of treatment c. client

c. client

Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called _____. a. behavior modification b. operant conditioning c. cognitive restructuring d. cognitive conditioning

c. cognitive restructuring

Through _____, a humanistic therapist strives to put himself or herself in the client's shoes and try to feel what the client is feeling. a. free association b. transference c. empathy d. Gestalt therapy

c. empathy

In the psychoanalytic approach, the fact that the true meanings of an individual's words and actions often come from the unconscious means that an important task for the psychoanalyst is _____. a. transference b. resistance c. interpretation d. empathy

c. interpretation

The philosophy of therapy that is based on operant conditioning is that maladaptive behaviors are _____. a. intentional, so they can't be unlearned b. learned, but so long ago that new learning will have no effect c. learned and can be unlearned d. innate and biologically based

c. learned and can be unlearned

Many individuals who received _____ ended up with permanent and profound brain damage. a. lithium therapy b. ECT c. lobotomies d. biomedical therapy

c. lobotomies

Antianxiety drugs are commonly known as _____. a. MAO inhibitors b. tricyclic medications c. tranquillizers d. antidepressants

c. tranquillizers

The purpose of free association is to allow the therapist the opportunity to identify connections between what a patient says and the patient's _____. a. automatic beliefs b. conscious thoughts c. unconscious thoughts d. feelings of self-efficacy

c. unconscious thoughts

The field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is ____ psychology

clinical

____ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems.

cognitive

____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.

cognitive

____ - ____ therapy combines reducing self-defeating thoughts and behavior change.

cognitive-behavior

Marc is receiving outpatient treatment while living at home rather than receiving services at an inpatient hospital. This is reflective of the ____ ____ ____ movement.

community mental health

Jorge is a therapist who has a doctoral degree and specializes in career counseling for adults in mid-life transition by providing his clients with support and practical advice for their lives. Most likely he is a ____ psychologist.

counseling

No specific ____ or therapy has been identified as more effective than the other.

counseling

A therapist's understanding that certain techniques, such as CBT, may clash with a client's cultural beliefs reflects ____-____ competence.

cross-cultural

Who identified the common logical errors in thinking as "perceiving the world as harmful while ignoring evidence to the contrary," "overgeneralizing on the basis of limited examples," "magnifying the importance of undesirable events," and "engaging in absolutist thinking"? a. Albert Ellis b. Albert Bandura c. Dan McAdams d. Aaron Beck

d. Aaron Beck

Which of the following theorists coined the term self-efficacy and believed that it is the key to successful cognitive behavioral therapy? a. McAdams b. Beck c. Ellis d. Bandura

d. Bandura

A therapy that uses principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior is which of the following? a. Psychoanalysis b. Cognitive therapy c. Humanistic therapy d. Behavior therapy

d. Behavior therapy

What disorder is the drug lithium used to treat? a. Schizophrenia b. Obsessive-compulsive disorder c. Panic disorder d. Bipolar disorder

d. Bipolar disorder

_____ means that decisions about treatment are made using the best available research and considering the therapist's clinical judgment and client characteristics, culture, and preferences. a. Sociocultural approach to therapy b. Biological approach to therapy c. Therapeutic alliance d. Evidence-based practice

d. Evidence-based practice

_____ therapy has the underlying rationale that people are basically good, have control of their behavior, can make choices about their lives, and are essentially able to solve their own problems. a. Psychodynamic b. Cognitive c. Behavioral d. Humanistic

d. Humanistic

The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term? a. Psychoanalysis b. Client-centered therapy c. Gestalt therapy d. Insight therapy

d. Insight therapy

While the specific drug action is not clearly established, which of the following drugs is widely used to treat bipolar disorder? a. Elevil b. Zoloft c. Xanax d. Lithium

d. Lithium

If your doctor writes you a prescription for anti-anxiety medication, this doctor is most likely which of the following? a. Psychiatrist or psychologist b. Psychologist or other medical doctor c. Counselor or psychologist d. Psychiatrist or other medical doctor

d. Psychiatrist or other medical doctor

What is the name for brain surgery that involves the removal of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment? a. Eclectic therapy b. Electroconvulsive surgery c. Transcranial magnetic stimulation d. Psychosurgery

d. Psychosurgery

In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand his or her own genuine feelings, a therapist using client-centered therapy might use which technique? a. Transference b. Systematic desensitization c. Free association d. Reflective speech

d. Reflective speech

What type of treatment for a fear of flying is this? The therapist asks the client to create a top-10 list of fears related to his fear of flying. The client begins with the lowest fear while looking at a picture of a plane. Next the therapist encourages him to relax as he looks at the picture. Then the client continues to work his way up the top-10 list while relaxing. Eventually, the client is able to fly on a plane. a. Rational-emotive therapy b. Aversion therapy c. Dialectical behavior therapy d. Systematic desensitization

d. Systematic desensitization

Neuroleptics are not a cure for schizophrenia because of what reason? a. Schizophrenia is a genetic condition, not a disease. b. Most schizophrenics are not helped by pharmaceutical medication. c. Schizophrenia is primarily psychological, and physical treatments are rarely useful. d. They treat the symptom, not the cause.

d. They treat the symptom, not the cause.

When a patient does not respond to tricyclics, an alternative treatment for depression can be _____. a. a tranquilizer b. a neuroleptic c. lithium d. an MAO inhibitor

d. an MAO inhibitor

The class of antidepressants known as MAO inhibitors are thought to work because they block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which operates in the synapse by _____. a. blocking reuptake of acetylcholine and norepinephrine b. breaking down acetylcholine and norepinephrine c. blocking reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine d. breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine

d. breaking down serotonin and norepinephrine

Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called _____. a. cognitive conditioning b. operant conditioning c. behavior modification d. cognitive restructuring

d. cognitive restructuring

In contrast to psychodynamic therapies, humanistic therapies emphasize _____ thoughts. a. unconscious b. psychodynamic c. subliminal d. conscious

d. conscious

Tricyclic medications such as Elavil work because they _____. a. decrease the level of norepinephrine and serotonin b. decrease the level of norepinephrine and increase the level of serotonin c. increase the level of norepinephrine and decrease the level of serotonin d. increase the level of norepinephrine and serotonin

d. increase the level of norepinephrine and serotonin

Compared to early, crude lobotomies, modern psychosurgery _____. a. targets the frontal lobes instead of the amygdala b. removes or destroys more brain tissue c. is used mainly on those who are depressed d. is performed much less often

d. is performed much less often

A therapist who views a maladaptive behavior as a learned behavior that can be unlearned subscribes to the _____ approach. a. psychodynamic b. client-centered c. cognitive therapy d. operant conditioning

d. operant conditioning

The cognitive-behavioral approach uses the dual strategies of _____. a. retribution and scaling b. scaling and reducing self-defeating thoughts c. uncovering unconscious desires and changing behavior d. reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior

d. reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior

The laws used to license practitioners of psychotherapy are at the _____ level. a. county b. federal c. city d. state

d. state

All of the following are factors that influence therapeutic progress for clients EXCEPT _____. a. therapist level of knowledge b. the match between the therapist's style and the client's personality c. therapist expertise d. the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques

d. the therapist's use of new and innovative therapeutic techniques

The term _____ describes the process, which may occur in therapy, in which feelings such as love or anger that had originally been directed to a significant person in the patient's life are directed toward the psychoanalyst. a. interpretation b. catharsis c. countertransference d. transference

d. transference

In cases of severe depression, ____ therapy offers the only quickly effective treatment.

electroconvulsive

Martin is a therapist who reviews current research and takes his clients' characteristics, culture, and characteristics along with his clinical judgment into consideration when providing psychotherapy. According to your text, he is utilizing ____ - ____ practice

evidence-based

____ therapists meet with the all members of this group so that they can speak freely for the therapist to see how they interact.

family

Psychoanalysts using the technique of ____ association tell patients to say aloud whatever comes to mind, regardless of its apparent irrelevance or senselessness.

free

In ____ therapy, several unrelated people meet with a therapist to discuss some aspect of their psychological functioning.

group

Therapists using ____ techniques seek to help people understand themselves, self-actualize, and find ways to come closer to the ideal they hold for themselves.

humanistic

A drug that is widely used to treat bipolar disorder is ____.

lithium

Individuals who received the psychosurgical procedures known as ____ suffered permanent and profound brain damage.

lobotomies

Individuals who received the psychosurgical procedures known as _____ suffered permanent and profound brain damage.

lobotomies

The initial form of psychosurgery, a prefrontal ____, consisted of surgically destroying or removing parts of a patient's frontal lobes, which, surgeons thought, controlled emotionality.

lobotomy

Most antidepressant drugs work by changing the concentration of specific ____ in the brain.

neurotransmitters

____ drugs are used mainly in three diagnostic categories: anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia.

psychotherapeutic

____ is the use of nonmedical means to help individuals recognize and alleviate their problems.

psychotherapy

Ivan is undergoing psychodynamic therapy. He is frequently late for therapy sessions. He sometimes argues with his therapist and may speak endlessly about trivial matters. His therapist describes this as ____

resistance

The ____-____ support group is conducted by a paraprofessional or a member of a common-interest group.

self-help

SSRI drugs work by increasing the levels of ____ in the brain.

serotonin

The therapeutic approach that takes into account the client's relationships, roles, and cultural context is referred to as ____ therapy

sociocultural

Cognitive therapies involve the basic assumptions that human beings have control over their feelings and how individuals feel about something depends on how they ____ about it

think

A humanistic therapist who expresses feelings of acceptance toward a client, regardless of what the client has done or feels, is expressing ____ ____ regard.

unconditional positive