8-4 Causes of the Civil War

Who were the 4 candidates in the Presidential Election of 1860?

1. Stephen A. Douglas ("The Little Giant") from Illinois 2. John Breckenridge of Kentucky 3. John Bell of Tennessee 4. Abraham Lincoln- Virginia

What provisions did the Fugitive Slave Act have?

1.) A person arrested as a runaway slave had very few legal rights. 2.) Any person who assisted in a slave's escape, or refused to aid slave catchers, could be jailed. 3.) Any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave could be fined. 4.) A judge got paid $10 for sending a runaway slave back to the south and only $5 if they set them free back.

What are the four things the Compromise of 1850 does?

1.) Admits California into the Union as a free state. 2.) Lets New Mexico and Utah territories decide whether to allow slavery. 3.) Outlaws slave trade in Washington, D.C. 4.)It creates a stronger fugitive slave law, which would make it easier to find and reclaim runaway slaves.

When was the Wilmot Proviso proposed?

1846

When was the Kansas-Nebraska act created?

1854

Why were the odds against Scott?

5 of the 8 justices were slave owners (pro-slavery)

Southern secessionists threatened that they would leave the Union if ______ won the election.

Abraham Lincoln

Who did Abraham Lincoln-Illinois run against?

Abraham Lincoln-Illinois ran against Stephen A. Douglas for the Illinois Senate in 1858.

Where was Abraham Lincoln's standpoint on slavery?

Anti-Slavery but... Allow slavery to exist in the south but no more slavery expansion in the western territories.

What started to change peoples perspective on John Brown?

At his trial, Brown seemed perfectly sane. He sat quietly as the court found him guilty of murder and treason, or actions against one's country. •Because he conducted himself with such dignity during his trial, John Brown became a hero to many northerners. Some considered him a martyr because he was willing to give up his life for his beliefs.

Where was John Breckenridge's standpoint on slavery?

Believed that the Federal government must protect the institution of slavery. (Pro-Slavery)

Where was John Bell's standpoint on slavery?

Believed the federal government should support slavery in current slave states and work to preserve the Union. But, he was opposed to the expansion of slavery in the west.

What really happend during John Browns raid?

Brown launched his raid in 1859. No slave uprising took place. Troops under the command of Robert E. Lee killed 10 of Brown's 18 men, captured 5 and 3 escaped, during the raid. Brown himself was convicted of treason and sentenced to die.

Why was California becoming a free state important?

California becoming a free state upset the balance of the number of slave and free states so now there were more free states then slave states.

Who proposed the Wilmot Proviso?

Democratic Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania

Where was Stephen A. Douglas's ("The Little Giant") stand point on slavery?

Douglas believed that the issue of slavery should be determined through Popular Sovereignty in territories as they become states.

What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act do?

Douglas's final version of the bill, the Kansas-Nebraska Act abolished the Missouri Compromise by allowing settlers to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the new territories (Popular Sovereignty) know as Kansas and Nebraska.

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott vs Sanford case?

First, the Court decided that Scott could not sue for his freedom in a federal court because he was not a citizen. No African American, whether slave or free, was an American citizen-or could ever become one. Second, the Court had rejected Scott's argument that his stay in Wisconsin had made him a free man and ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.

What was the first battle of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter, South Carolina

Why was for Sumter Important?

Fort Sumter, South Carolina, was important because it guarded Charleston harbor which was an important trade route. Therefore, the Confederates attacked, defeating the Union soldiers on April 13, 1861.

What happend four days after the Election of 1860?

Four days after the election, South Carolina voted unanimously to leave the Union

Why did John Brown want raid on Harpers Ferry fail?

He rather than wait for Congress to act on abolishing slavery, he wanted to end slavery using violence.

Who proposed the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Henry Clay of Kentucky

Who proposed the Compromise of 1850?

Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 who recruited a man called Daniel Webster from Massachusetts to help him.

David Wilmot added the Wilmot Proviso amendment to what presidents bill?

In 1846, President James Polk sent a bill to Congress asking for funds for the war with Mexico. Pennsylvania representative David Wilmot added an amendment to the bill known as the Wilmot Proviso.

What happened during the Democratic National convention in April 1860?

In April 1860, delegates from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, Arkansas, Delaware walked out of the Democratic National convention.

What was Uncle Tom's Cabin based off of?

It is based on stories she had heard in church, especially from escaped slaves Frederick Douglass and Josiah Henderson and events she had witnessed in her lifetime.

Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act created?

It was created to get a railroad built to California.

What was John Browns plan?

John Brown planned to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown wanted to use the weapons to arm slaves for a rebellion that would end slavery.

When did California apply for admission to the Union as a free state?

Late in 1849

Was Lincoln pro-slavery or anti-slavery?

Lincoln was not a complete abolitionist. He wanted to placate the slave owners, but he was afraid to make any statement that would alienate anyone.

What were the views on this caning?

Many Southerners applauded Brooks for defending the honor of his family and the South. Most Northerners viewed the beating as another example of Southern brutality.

How did people view John Brown's plan right after the raid?

Most people, in both the North and the South, thought that Brown's plan to lead a slave revolt was insane.

What political party did Stephen A. Douglas believe in?

Northern Democrats

What was the Lawrence raid?

On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery settlers and so-called "border ruffians" from Missouri invaded Lawrence, Kansas, the home of the antislavery government. Armed invaders burned a hotel, looted homes, and tossed the printing presses of two abolitionist newspapers into the Kaw River.

What political party did Abraham Lincoln believe in?

Republican

Who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Senator Stephen A. Douglas ("The Little Giant") of Illinois

How did John Brown's Rebellion help cause the Civil War.

Some argue that the Civil War began in 1859 at Harpers Ferry, instead of 1861 at Fort Sumter, because there were Northerners and Southerners killing each other over the issue of slavery. Many southerners after the raid became convinced that the North wanted to destroy slavery-and the South along with it. The nation was poised for a violent clash after this event.

What political party did John Breckenridge of Kentucky believe in?

Southern Democrat

Why did Southern Democrats meet in Baltimore?

Southern Democrats met in Baltimore in June 1860 to nominate John Breckenridge.

What did Southerns do to protest the Democratic party?

Southerners left the Democratic party in protest of the party's platform concerning slavery.

Why was Uncle Tom's Cabin written?

Stowe when her son died of Cholera, This loss created empathy for slave mothers separated from their children and this, along with the horrors of the Fugitive Slave Act, inspired Stowe to write Uncle Tom's Cabin.

What did the Constitutional Union Party do?

Supported the upholding of the Constitution and preserving the Union. Bell and his supporters hoped to gain votes by making slavery a secondary issue. Bell had wide support in the counties which would become West Virginia.

Why was the Wilmot Proviso created?

The 1846 Wilmot Proviso was a bold attempt by opponents of slavery to prevent its introduction in the territories gained from the Mexican War.

What happend to the Bill in Congress?

The Bill never passed through Congress.

Description of Test

The Causes of the Civil War Test will be given on Thursday, December 5. The test will consist of Multiple Choice-Matching-Short Answer/Fill in the Blank All of the above information can be located on my Blackboard under the "History Units, A Dividing Nation-Main Causes of the Civil War"

Why was the Compromise of 1850 created?

The Compromise of 1850 was created to help decide how to handle statehood in territories won in the Mexican-American War.

Why did the battle for Fort Sumter start?

The Confederate forces wanted to take control over Fort Sumter, South Carolina, which guarded the Charleston harbor. Lincoln refused to surrender the fort. Instead, he sent supplies to it. The state militia began surrounding the federal fort which had U.S. soldiers inside. Because Lincoln wanted to show he wouldn't give in he didn't surrender the fort. However, he didn't want to start a war either so he just hoped the southern states would join back with the Union. Confederate leaders saw the refusal to surrender the fort as an act of war.

What political party did John Bell believe in?

The Constitutional Union Party

What did the Constitutional Union Party consist of?

The Constitutional Union Party consisted of former Southern Whigs and Know-Nothings

How did the Dred Scott vs. Sanford case help cause the Civil War?

The Dred Scott decision threatened to change the political landscape that had thus far managed to delay civil war. The classification of slaves as mere property made the federal government's authority to regulate the institution much more ambiguous strengthening the slave states' position. Abolitionists felt the ruling was completely wrong as it continued to say that human beings were property. The case ruling intensified the battle between slave and free states and each side begins to see war as the only plausible way to settle the issue.

What was added to the Compromise of 1850 to appease southerners?

The Fugitive Slave Act

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act help cause the Civil War?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, barely passed while representatives fought verbally and physically in Congress. It overturned parts of the Missouri Compromise by allowing the settlers in the two territories to determine whether or not to permit slavery by a popular vote. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery ruffians flocked to Kansas, hoping to shift the decision to their side. They fought for five years with violent bloodshed that caused over 200 deaths (also called bleeding Kansas). The outright violence shocked and the United States' citizens and showed that people were willing to die for their cause, leading to the Civil War.

What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 do?

The Missouri Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Furthermore, with the exception of Missouri, this law prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36 ° 30' latitude line. It kept the balance between slave states and free states to 12 a piece.

Why did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 help cause the Civil War?

The Missouri Compromise helped cause the Civil War because of the sectionalism and division it created. The country was dividing into slave states and free states. A literal line had been drawn to separate free and slave states.

Why was the Missouri Compromise of 1820 created?

The Missouri Compromise was an attempt to keep the number of slave and free states even.

How did the North view John Brown?

The North at first thought he was insane but quickly realized that he was not insane and he than became a hero to the North.

What was the Republican Party?

The Republican party formed in 1856 in Ripon, Wisconsin as a response to the failure of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Republican Party consisted of former Northern Whigs who joined together in opposition to the expansion of slavery.

Why were South Carolinian's happy about the Election of 1860?

The South Carolinian's now had a reason to secede from the union.

How did the South view Uncle Tom's Cabin?

The South claimed that the story is a fiction and slavery is nothing like what is portrayed in Uncle Tom's Cabin. The novel and its author in the South were scorned and banned.

How did the South view John Brown?

The South thought John Brown was insane and a terrorist.

How did the Wilmot Proviso help cause the Civil War?

The Wilmot Proviso fueled the conflict between the North and the South because the power in Congress was an issue. This made it become apparent that many northern politicians wanted to end slavery outright by not allowing it to exist in the new territories which would also weaken the South's political power. This caused the South to be resentful to the North's beliefs not wanting to lose their way of life, slavery.

What did the Wilmot Proviso do?

The Wilmot Proviso stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist" in any part of the territory that might be acquired from Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War.

How did the Compromise of 1850 + the Fugitive Slave Act help cause the Civil War.

The new Fugitive Slave Act, which forced non-slaveholders to participate or be penalized, lead to the increased polarization of abolitionists and slavery supporters. Abolitionists feel betrayed by Congress and slave owners believe that slavery will continue to live on in new territories. This growing divide between the North and South leads us into the Civil War.

How did Uncle Tom's Cabin cause the Civil War?

The novel influenced feelings about slavery. With readers relating very deeply to the characters, the issue of slavery was transformed from an abstract concern to something very personal and emotional. It caused the divide between the North and the South to widen, ultimately becoming one of the many causes of the Civil War.

What is the story about?

The story is about a good-hearted slave named Tom, who suffers at the hands of his owner, Simon Legree.

Why are you up so late studying?

There is no answer

Whom did the Confederate States of America elect as their president?

They elected Jefferson Davis as president.

When was the first shot of the war fired?

They ordered cannons to fire on the fort. The 1st shot was fired on April 12, 1861.

How and how long did Congress silence all congressional debate over slavery?

They put a "gag rule" on slavery which ended the slavery issue in Congress for 10 years.

How did Northerners react to John Brown death?

To white southerners, the northern response to John Brown's death was outrageous. People were singing the praises of a man who had tried to lead a slave revolt. Many southerners became convinced that the North wanted to destroy slavery-and the South along with it. The nation was poised for a violent clash.

What happend two days after the Lawrence raid?

Two days after the Lawrence raid, an abolitionist named John Brown and seven followers invaded the pro-slavery town of Pottawatomie, Kansas. There, they kill 5 pro-slavery supporters.

After Sumner's speech calling out Senator Andrew P. Butler what happend?

Two days after the speech, Senator Butler's nephew, South Carolina representative Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner in the Senate, beating him with his metal-tipped cane until it broke in half.

How did the North view Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Uncle Tom's Cabin showed people of the North who have never seen slavery in person what slavery is really like causing them to have a new perspective on slavery. In the North, abolitionists cheered the book was a perfect example of why slavery should be eliminated. No other work had ever aroused such powerful emotions about slavery.

How did Abolitionists view the Dred Scott vs. Sanford case?

White northerners were also shocked by the ruling. Many had hoped that slavery would eventually die out if it were restricted to the South. Now, however, slavery could spread throughout the West. African Americans responded angrily to the Dred Scott decision. In the North, many held public meetings to condemn the ruling.

How did slavery supporters view the Dred Scott vs. Sanford case?

White southerners rejoiced at Dred Scott v. Sandford. It meant that slavery was legal in all the territories. This was just what white southerners had been demanding for years.

Why did the Dred Scott vs Sanford case happen?

Years before the case, Scott had traveled with his owner to Wisconsin, where slavery was banned by the Missouri Compromise. When he returned to Missouri, Scott went to court to win his freedom. He argued that his stay in Wisconsin had made him a free man.

What were the Effects of the attack at Fort Sumter?

•4 more slave states seceded: VA, NC, AR, TN = 11 total •4 slave states stayed in the Union: DE, MD, KY, MO = border states. •They made up the border between the North & South (part of VA also stayed and became WV in 1863) •The United States Civil War began April 12, 1861