8, 7, 6

The nose, chin, umbilicus (navel), and spine are examples of ___________ anatomic structures. A. midline B. proximal C. superior D. midaxillary

A. midline

An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should: A. slide a scoop stretcher under his buttocks and rotate him laterally. B. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device. C. perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment and apply a cervical collar. D. maintain manual stabilization of his head and grasp him by the clothes.

B. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. A. throw out B. decontaminate C. burn D. store

B. decontaminate

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? A. decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production C. increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production D. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels

B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250 lb with fewer than _______ rescuers, regardless of individual strength. A. three B. four C. five D. six

B. four

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. A. coccyx B. sacrum C. thorax D. ischium

B. sacrum

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? A. 6 to 8 months B. 10 to 18 months C. 18 to 24 months D. 24 to 36 months

B. 10 to 18 months

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: A. 18 and 22 years. B. 19 and 25 years. C. 21 and 30 years. D. 25 and 35 years.

B. 19 and 25 years.

The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: A. 60 beats/min. B. 70 beats/min. C. 80 beats/min. D. 90 beats/min.

B. 70 beats/min.

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: A. 60 to 100 beats/min. B. 70 to 120 beats/min. C. 90 to 140 beats/min. D. 100 to 150 beats/min.

B. 70 to 120 beats/min.

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? A. The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. B. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment. C. The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. D. It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient.

B. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? A. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. B. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. C. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. D. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month.

B. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? A. The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. D. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.

B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: A. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. D. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.

B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

When carrying a patient on a backboard up or down stairs: A. keep your palms facing down. B. keep the head end elevated. C. carry the patient headfirst. D. keep the foot end elevated.

B. keep the head end elevated.

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline or center of the body is: A. lateral. B. medial. C. midaxillary. D. midclavicular.

B. medial.

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should: A. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher. B. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair. C. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher. D. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs.

B. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury? A. palmar B. plantar C. dorsal D. ventral

B. plantar

Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"? A. medial B. posterior C. palmar D. anterior

B. posterior

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: A. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. B. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot. C. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement. D. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance.

B. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: A. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. C. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. D. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.

B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should: A. reposition your hands and continue to move the patient. B. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance. C. guide your partner while moving the chair backwards. D. stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs.

B. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

In order to facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: A. be positioned at the feet so the team can hear. B. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves. C. speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient. D. never become involved in the move, just direct the move.

B. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient: A. without a spinal injury. B. with a deformed humerus. C. who complains of nausea. D. with forearm lacerations.

B. with a deformed humerus.

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso. A. 5″ to 10″ B. 10″ to 15″ C. 15″ to 20″ D. 20″ to 30″

C. 15″ to 20″

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? A. The construction of the scoop stretcher prohibits x-rays while the patient is on it. B. You must fully secure the patient to the scoop stretcher before moving him or her. C. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. D. Both sides of the patient must be accessible in order for a scoop stretcher to be used.

C. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column.

Which of the following statements regarding the power lift is correct? A. It involves using your lower back instead of your legs to lift. B. The leg muscles should remain relaxed during the power lift. C. It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient. D. It is not recommended for people with weak knees or thighs.

C. It is the safest and most powerful method of lifting a patient.

An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient? A. Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the wheeled stretcher. B. Immobilize her in a supine position on a long backboard and secure her with straps. C. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard. D. Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with a scoop stretcher and padding.

C. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? A. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. B. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work. C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. D. The majority of middle adults still have small children that live at home with them.

C. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

In preconventional reasoning, children: A. make decisions based on their conscience. B. look for approval from their peers and society. C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. D. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children.

C. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: A. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging. B. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. D. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing.

C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

The direct carry is used to transfer a patient: A. with multiple long bone injuries. B. with a possible cervical spine injury. C. from a bed to the ambulance stretcher. D. who cannot be placed on a backboard.

C. from a bed to the ambulance stretcher.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: A. increase in muscle strength and reflexes. B. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. C. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. D. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism.

C. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include: A. a collapsible undercarriage. B. a weight capacity of up to 650 lb. C. increased stability due to a wider wheelbase. D. two safety rails on both sides of the stretcher

C. increased stability due to a wider wheelbase.

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air: A. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution. B. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases. C. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. D. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide.

C. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct position of the EMTs who are executing the diamond carry technique? A. two at the head, two at the feet, and a fifth EMT balancing the torso B. one at the head, two at the feet, and a fourth EMT balancing the torso C. one at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso D. two at the head, one at the feet, and one on the left side of the patient's torso

C. one at the head, one at the feet, and one on each side of the patient's torso

Which of the following situations would require an urgent patient move? A. conscious patient with abrasions and a possibly fractured humerus B. imminent risk of a fire or explosion in or near the patient's vehicle C. semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock D. stable patient who is blocking access to a critically injured patient

C. semiconscious patient with shallow respirations and signs of shock

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: A. becomes acutely anxious at the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings. B. clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted. C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection. D. reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net.

C. shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: A. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. B. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. D. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.

C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid: A. flexing your body at the knees. B. the use of more than two EMTs. C. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible. D. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher.

C. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.

At present, the average life expectancy is ________ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ________ years. A. 68, 100 B. 70, 102 C. 72, 110 D. 78, 120

D. 78, 120

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of: A. 3 and 4 months. B. 6 and 8 months. C. 7 and 14 months. D. 9 and 18 months.

D. 9 and 18 months.

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: A. 60 mm Hg. B. 70 mm Hg. C. 80 mm Hg. D. 90 mm Hg.

D. 90 mm Hg.

You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action? A. Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence. B. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients. C. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients. D. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

D. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? A. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min. B. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue. C. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. D. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

D. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard? A. joint flexibility B. patient disorientation C. naturally deformed bones D. abnormal spinal curvature

D. abnormal spinal curvature

When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should: A. apply a vest-style extrication device prior to moving the patient. B. apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard. C. grasp the patient by the clothing and drag him or her from the car. D. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.

D. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: A. hypotension. B. medication use. C. kidney failure. D. atherosclerosis.

D. atherosclerosis.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. B. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. C. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

General guidelines for carrying a patient on a stretcher include: A. maintaining slight flexion of your back. B. leaning back from your waist when lifting. C. slightly twisting your body when carrying. D. constant communication with your partners.

D. constant communication with your partners.

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the: A. proximal forearm. B. superior forearm. C. dorsal forearm. D. distal forearm.

D. distal forearm.

What is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to the wheeled stretcher? A. log roll B. direct carry C. extremity carry D. draw sheet method

D. draw sheet method

Prior to applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should: A. have at least three rescuers present, one for the upper extremities, one for the lower extremities, and one for the head. B. place the patient in a prone position to avoid airway and breathing compromise once restrained and placed onto the stretcher. C. advise the patient that medical restraint is necessary, but can be removed if he or she cooperates with you during transport. D. evaluate the patient for potentially correctible cause of combativeness, such as head injury, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia.

D. evaluate the patient for potentially correctible cause of combativeness, such as head injury, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a loss of respiratory muscle mass. B. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage. C. decreased residual volume. D. increased surface area available for air exchange.

D. increased surface area available for air exchange.

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should: A. flex at the waist instead of the hips. B. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags. C. use a direct carry whenever possible. D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

The FIRST rule of safe lifting is to: A. always lift with your palms facing down. B. spread your legs approximately 20″ apart. C. keep your back in a slightly curved position. D. keep your back in a straight, vertical position.

D. keep your back in a straight, vertical position.

Which of the following steps is NOT proper procedure when performing an emergency move? A. using a long-axis body drag during the move B. pulling the patient on a blanket or similar object C. pulling the patient's clothing in the shoulder area D. lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

D. lifting the patient by the belt to move him or her

According to the terminal drop hypothesis: A. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. B. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. C. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. D. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

D. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.

In relation to the chest, the back is: A. ventral. B. inferior. C. anterior. D. posterior.

D. posterior.

In relation to the wrist, the elbow is: A. distal. B. medial. C. lateral. D. proximal.

D. proximal.

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? A. medications B. overall health C. increased weight D. medical conditions

C. increased weight

The MOST appropriate carrying device to use when moving a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the: A. stair chair. B. wheeled stretcher. C. scoop stretcher. D. basket stretcher.

D. basket stretcher.

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves. A. sagittal B. coronal C. transverse D. midsagittal

D. midsagittal

You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you enter his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh in excess of 350 lb. Your FIRST action should be to: A. request the fire department if one attempt to move him fails. B. encourage the patient to walk himself to the awaiting ambulance. C. assess him and then move him to the stretcher with a direct carry. D. request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him.

D. request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him.

When a person is standing upright, the weight of anything being lifted and carried in the hands is FIRST reflected onto the: A. pelvic girdle. B. spinal column. C. thigh muscles. D. shoulder girdle.

D. shoulder girdle.

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: A. blood vessel dilation. B. a decrease in neurons. C. meningeal deterioration. D. shrinkage of the brain.

D. shrinkage of the brain.

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. B. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her life. C. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children. D. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk for suicide.

A. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. B. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. C. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. D. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age.

A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. C. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. D. The systolic blood pressure decreases.

A. Secondary sexual development begins.

Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct? A. The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects from excess handling. B. A freestanding isolette should be used, not one that is secured to the stretcher. C. The safest type of isolette is one that takes the place of the ambulance stretcher. D. If an isolette is not available, the neonate can safely be transported on the stretcher.

A. The isolette serves to keep the neonate warm and protects from excess handling.

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct? A. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso. B. Most of the patient's weight rests on the foot end of the stretcher. C. A semi-sitting patient's weight is equally distributed on both ends. D. The EMT at the patient's head will bear the least amount of weight.

A. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? A. a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain B. a patient who complains of hip pain following a fall C. a pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car D. an unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke

A. a conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle. B. a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient. C. a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position. D. a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital.

A. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle.

A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when: A. a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance. B. an injured patient cannot be placed on a long board due to severe back pain. C. a conscious, alert patient must be carried down several flights of steep stairs. D. a patient requires full spinal immobilization when spinal injury is suspected.

A. a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance.

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: A. back is bent forward at the hips. B. hands are held close to the legs. C. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. D. force is exerted straight down the spine.

A. back is bent forward at the hips.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: A. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head. B. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag. C. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. D. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board.

A. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

A fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: A. distal humerus fracture. B. proximal elbow fracture. C. distal forearm fracture. D. proximal humerus fracture.

A. distal humerus fracture.

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: A. elasticity of the lungs decreases. B. surface area of the alveoli increases. C. overall size of the airway decreases. D. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

A. elasticity of the lungs decreases.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily. D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

When using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should: A. kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over. B. extend your elbows as far beyond your anterior torso as possible. C. bend your back laterally to maximize your amount of pulling power. D. avoid situations involving strenuous effort lasting more than 5 minutes.

A. kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over.

The proper technique for using the power grip is to: A. lift with your palms up. B. rotate your palms down. C. hold the handle with your fingers. D. position your hands about 6″ apart.

A. lift with your palms up.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? A. long backboard B. scoop stretcher C. portable stretcher D. wheeled stretcher

A. long backboard

A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to: A. maintain stabilization of the spine at all times. B. move the patient as quickly as you possibly can. C. extricate the patient with one coordinated move. D. apply a vest-style device before moving the patient.

A. maintain stabilization of the spine at all times.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance C. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

An infant or small toddler would MOST likely gain trust in an individual who: A. provides an organized, routine environment. B. maintains eye contact, even if the person is a stranger. C. frequently changes the infant or toddler's regular routine. D. does not tower over him or her and avoids painful procedures.

A. provides an organized, routine environment.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. B. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. C. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. D. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction.

A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: A. the blood vessels become stiff. B. the arteries dilate significantly. C. diastolic blood pressure decreases. D. the blood thickens as a person ages.

A. the blood vessels become stiff.

When the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting: A. the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae. B. the hands can be held further apart from the body. C. the muscles of the back experience increased strain. D. the risk of back injuries is significantly increased.

A. the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. B. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand. C. their intercostal muscles are not functional. D. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain.

A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb. A. 150 B. 175 C. 190 D. 220

D. 220

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: A. unnecessarily wasting time. B. injury to you or your patient. C. causing patient anxiety or fear. D. confusion among team members.

B. injury to you or your patient.

You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree—one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance? A. Immobilize both patients with a cervical collar and long backboard based on the mechanism of injury; place one on the wheeled stretcher and the other on the squad bench. B. Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench. C. Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the squad bench; allow the patient with the deformed femur to sit on the wheeled stretcher. D. Apply a traction splint to the patient with the deformed femur and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with neck and back pain on the squad bench immobilized with a cervical collar and scoop stretcher.

B. Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench.

In which of the following situations is an emergency patient move indicated? A. A patient has an altered mental status or is in shock. B. The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards. C. The EMT has to gain access to lesser-injured patients in a vehicle. D. A significant mechanism of injury is involved.

B. The EMT is unable to protect the patient from scene hazards.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? A. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. C. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. D. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward.

B. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. D. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.

B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: A. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults. B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion. C. the patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion. D. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock.

B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

To avoid injury when pushing a patient or other object, you should: A. push the patient from an overhead position if possible. B. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended. C. push from the area of your body between the knees and hips. D. kneel if you are pushing an object that is above waist level.

B. avoid pushing the patient with your elbows fully extended.

A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area? A. direct carry B. extremity lift C. scoop stretcher D. emergency move

B. extremity lift

The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is: A. dorsal. B. inferior. C. internal. D. superior.

B. inferior.