8.0 - Energy

renewable energy

- continuous or repeating energy from natural sources.

Nonrenewable Energy

-energy from sources that are unused unless released by human activity.

The main limitations of Solar Energy

1. The amount of sunlight that the earth receives is not consistent. 2. The amount of sunlight varies depending on the location. 3. The PV cells take up a large amount of surface area.

potential energy

Batteries are an example of this type of energy

Water

Because the source of hydroelectric power is -----, hydroelectric power plants are usually located on or near a water source.

Landfill Biogas

Biogas contains methane. Methane is the same energy-rich gas found in natural gas, which is used for heating, cooking, and producing electricity. Some landfills burn the methane gas. Many landfills collect the biogas, treat it, and then sell the methane. Some landfills use the methane gas to generate electricity.

5 Common Types of Renewable Energy Sources

Biomass (includes- Biodiesel, Ethanol, Landfill gas and biogas, Municipal solid waste, Wood and wood waste), Hydropower, Geothermal, Wind, Solar

What can small PV cells power?

Calculators, watches, and other small electronic devices.

Liquid Biofuels

Can be used to replace or supplement traditional petroleum-based transportation fuels. Can be used in existing vehicles with little or no modification to engines and fueling systems. Can also be used for heating and electricity production

Wind

Caused by the uneven heating of the earth's surface by the sun

energy transformation

Changes from potential to kinetic and back to potential, is called

Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices or solar cells

Changes sunlight directly into electricity.

Nonrenewable Energy

Coal, oil and natural gas are examples.

Renewable Energy

Continuous or repeating energy from natural sources. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite, renewable energy sources regenerate.

Energy

Defined as the ability to do work.

Radiant Energy

Energy from the sun has powered life on earth for many millions of years.

alternative energy

Examples of this type of Energy are: Methane, Ethanol, Biodiesel

The slow decay of radioactive particles in the earth's core, a process that happens in all rocks, produces geothermal energy. The earth's core is hotter than the sun's surface.

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source because the heat is continuously produced inside the earth.

Eating plants

How do animals get bioenergy?

Photosynthesis

How do plants get bioenergy?

6.5%

Hydropower is the largest renewable energy source for electricity generation in the United States. In 2016, hydropower accounted for about _____% of total U.S. utility-scale electricity generation and 44% of total utility-scale electricity generation from all renewable energy.

Yes

Is bioenergy a renewable energy source?

Nonrenewable Energy

It is finite or in a limited supply.

The rocks and water found deeper underground have the highest temperatures.

Magma comes close to the earth's surface near the edges of these plates, which is where many volcanoes occur. i. The lava that erupts from volcanoes is partly magma. ii. Rocks and water absorb heat from magma deep underground iii.____________

geothermal

People around the world use energy to heat their homes and to produce electricity by drilling deep wells and pumping the hot underground water or steam to the surface. People can also use the stable temperatures near the surface of the earth to heat and cool buildings

impact

Seasonal variations in precipitation and long-term changes in precipitation patterns, such as droughts, have a big _________ on hydropower production.

River and streams

The amount of precipitation that drains into ____________________ in a geographic area determines the amount of water available for producing hydropower.

The earth's crust is broken into pieces called plates.

The earth has a number of different layers: i. The inner core is solid iron and is surrounded by an outer core of hot molten rock called magma. ii. The mantle surrounds the core and is about 1,800 miles thick. The mantle is made up of magma and rock. iii. The crust is the outermost layer of the earth. The crust forms the continents and ocean floors. The crust can be 3 to 5 miles thick under the oceans and 15 to 35 miles thick on the continents. iv.__________________________

Water descending rapidly from a high point, like Niagara Falls in New York, also has substantial energy in its flow.

The volume of the water flow and the change in elevation (or fall) from one point to another determine the amount of available energy in moving water. i. Swiftly flowing water in a big river, like the Columbia River that forms the border between Oregon and Washington, carries a great deal of energy in its flow ii.____________

Geothermal

The word _____________comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and therme (heat). Geothermal energy is heat within the earth. People can use this heat as steam or as hot water to heat buildings or to generate electricity.

Solar energy benefits

They do not produce air pollutants or carbon dioxide and have minimal impact on the environment.

Wind Energy

Today ______________ is mainly used for electricity generation

Precipitation collects in streams and rivers, which empty into oceans and lakes, where it evaporates and begins the cycle again.

Understanding the water cycle is important to understanding hydropower. The water cycle has three steps: i. Solar energy heats water on the surface of rivers, lakes, and oceans, which causes the water to evaporate. ii.Water vapor condenses into clouds and falls as precipitation (rain, snow, etc.). and iii.

The Sun

Where can almost all bioenergy be traced back to?

Joules

a metric measurement of energy.

Foot-pounds

a unit of energy equal to the amount required to raise 1 pound a distance of 1 foot. This is a common system in the United States.

Biomass

any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy.

Anerobic Bacteria

bacteria that can live without the presence of free oxygen—living in landfills decompose organic waste to produce a gas called biogas.

Solid biomass

can be burned for heat or to produce electricity alone or as part of a co-firing power plant

alternative energy

energy from new sources that are not widely used, Generally they are non-polluting and renewable.

Examples of Liquid Biofuels

ethanol, biodiesel

Agricultural Biogas

farmers produce in large tanks called digesters where they put manure and used bedding material from their barns. Some farmers cover their manure ponds (also called lagoons) to capture biogas. Biogas digesters and manure ponds contain the same anaerobic bacteria found in landfills. The methane in the biogas can be used for heating and for generating electricity on the farm.

Ethanol

from corn and grains.

How is renewable energy made available?

from materials derived from biological sources

Biodiesel

from soybeans.

Methane

from trash landfills.

Potential energy

stored energy; Energy due to position or arrangement.; Energy that can be used for movement.

Kinetic energy

the energy of an object or body in motion.

Feedstock

usually converted into a more easily usable form, usually a liquid fuel.

kinetic energy

windmills are an example of this what type of energy

Examples of Solid Biomass

wood waste, straw, manure, sugarcane, high-density clean burning pellets, many other by-products from a variety of agricultural processes