9-10

Calculate the net filtration pressure if blood pressure in the glomerulus is unusually high at 70 mm Hg. Assume the colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure are normal. (25,20)

25

Which of these combinations of values would indicate that a patient was suffering from metabolic acidosis?

Decreased blood HCO3- levels and decreased pH

Arrange the following to indicate the correct flow of filtrate through the nephron.

Fluid is Pulled from the Blood Bowman's space proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle (descending limb) loop of Henle (ascending limb) distal convoluted tubule collecting duct Urine Drains from Renal Papillae

Mr. Heyden, 72, is brought to the emergency room after an accident at his farm. The paramedics report that his left side was pinned beneath his tractor, and that when he was freed, his left lower quadrant appeared to be compressed. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and falling, and his heart rate is 116 beats/min. His pulse is thready. Mr. Heyden complains of pain in his left side and then loses consciousness. Mr. Heyden's low blood pressure will trigger certain compensatory mechanisms. Which statement below best reflects the changes in hormone levels that will occur?

Mr. Heyden's ADH, aldosterone, and renin will increase.

The presence of WBC casts in urine could be an indication of infection and/or inflammation.

TRUE

Which of the following statements about the kidneys is FALSE?

The left kidney is lower in position than the right kidney due to crowding by the liver.

Arrange the following in order to indicate the flow of urine through the kidney.

Urine Drains from Renal Papillae minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra Urine Exits the Body

An ______ arteriole supplies blood to a glomerulus and has a ________ diameter than that which drains blood from the glomerulus.

afferent larger

Which of the following hormones results in increased sodium reabsorption (and therefore water reabsorption also)?

aldosterone

Match each of the following hormones with the substance of which they promote REABSORPTION.

aldosterone - sodium parathyroid hormone - calcium antidiuretic hormone - water

When the osmolality of a person's ECF becomes too high, what hormone is released?

antidiuretic hormone

Pale yellow, turbid urine that is positive for nitrite and hemolyzed blood and has a slight odor likely indicates...

bacterial infection

Which of the following would you expect of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver?

bilirubinuria

Once the filtrate reaches the _______, reabsorption becomes dependent upon the body's needs and regulated by hormones.

distal convoluted tubule

Which of the following would STOP the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids in the proximal convoluted tubule?

elimination of the sodium-potassium pumps on the basolateral surface of PCT cells

Glomerular filtration can be controlled by manipulating one major variable. That variable is...

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following should NOT normally appear in urine?

glucose

Hypersecretion of aldosterone results in hypokalemia, which causes ...

hyperpolarization of neurons and the need for a stronger than normal stimulus to trigger an action potential

When a person is dehydrated, the body's interstitial fluid can become _______, causing cells to __________

hypertonic crenate

Increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood above normal levels will cause a(n)______________ in blood volume

increase

Suppose that a patient has a failing liver and is unable to make normal levels of albumin for the blood plasma. If all other factors remain the same, filtrate production would __________

increase

Which of the following is NOT a major process involved in urine formation?

micturition

Which ion listed below is the most abundant intracellular cation?

potassium

Which part of the nephron is responsible for reabsorbing most water and nutrients from renal filtrate?

proximal convoluted tubule

n order to compensate for respiratory acidosis, the kidneys will _______________ bicarbonate and _______________ hydrogen ions

reabsorb secrete

In which of the following renal areas would you find the majority of nephron loops (loops of Henle)?

renal pyramid

Which of the following will NOT occur if MAP decreases to <80 mm Hg?

renin will be released by the macula densa cells of the ascending loop of Henle

A normal specific gravity (density) for urine would be ___________ than water

slightly higher

Drag and drop the following sources of water loss to arrange in order according to water lost each day.

smallest feces sweat insensible loss (skin and lungs) urine greatest

Which of the following statements about the ascending loop of Henle is TRUE?

the cells of the thick segment contain numerous mitochondria