9th grade Literature EOCT
What is a participal phrase?
A verb modifying a noun Ex: The man, running away, fell down.
A meaning of associated idea with a word.
Connotation
Exaggerating or stretching the truth for literary effect (an over reaction).
Hyperbole
Poems the express the observations and feelings of a single speaker.
Lyric Poetry
What is an antagonist?
The character or force that opposes the protagonist?
What is a dictionary?
Where you find definitions of words
"I broke the window." direct, taking responsibility
active voice
ethics
ethos
logistics
logos
created by setting and the actions of the characters; it is the atmosphere
mood
passive voice
"The person who broke the window was me." Action verbs that show the subject passively being acted upon.
What is a flat character
A character that does not change?
dialogue
A conversation between two or more characters
hyperbole
A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humorous effects. Ex: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."
What is an index?
A list at the end of a book that shows where certain topics appear throughout the book.
What is a glossary?
A list of definitions for difficult or specialized words used in a book.
monologue
A long speech in a play or story, delivered by a single person (see soliloquy).
exposition
A narrative device; The introductory material which gives the setting, creates the tone, presents the characters, and presents other facts necessary to understanding the story.
symbolism
A person, place or object which has a meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well.
What is a primary source?
A record of events by someone who participated in or witnessed the events directly. These sources are called primary because they would be the first recorded, and the most related to a topic or an incident in time.
What is an almanac?
A reference text that has collections of facts from year to year.
What is a thesaurus?
A reference text that shows words that have just about the same or opposite meaning as the chosen word.
allusion
A reference to another work of literature, person, or event
plot
A series of related events in a story, each connected to the next.
What is a pun?
A term for a play on words that have a similar meaning. Ex. A "seafood" diet: I see food and I eat it."
What is a round character?
A type of character who changes throughout the story, drama, or novel (shows many different characteristics)
What is a gerund?
A verb used as a noun Ex: Running for the train is very dangerous
allegory
A work of literature that has a second, usually moral or spiritual meaning
A comment made to the audience, not intended for the other characters to hear.
Aside
Dictionary definition of a word.
Denotation
What is microfiche?
Documents on microfilm: old newspapers, other research materials that are either too fragile to handle or have been reduced in size.
A situation where the audience knows more than a character on stage.
Dramatic Irony
A long narrative poem about the adventures or an almost superhuman character. (The Odyssey)
Epic Poetry
rising action
Events leading up to the climax.
What is an appendix in a book?
Extra information at the back of the book.
Poems written in traditional verse and generally rhymes
Fixed form
a type of meter that has 10 syllable in a line of poetry.
Iambic Pentameter
language that appeals to the senses
Imagery
A person struggling with some kind of internal pressure. Internal conflicts are not always evident on the character;s exterior.
Internal Conflict
imagery
Language that an author uses that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).
What are the different types of External conflict?
Person vs. person - physical fight between two characters Person vs. nature - person trying to survive against the elements Person vs. society - person trying to go against society's norms or rules Person vs. machine - usually person vs. technology
climax
That point in a plot that creates the greatest intensity, suspense, or interest; usually the point at which the conflict is resolved
Second Person Point of View
The narrator addresses the reader using the word "you". (You were about to make the wrong decision when a surge of pure instinct caused you to say the answer)
First Person Point of View
The narrator is a character in the story. pronouns such as "I" and "me" or "my(self)" are used as an indication. (The adrenaline in my body was pumping. There was 3 seconds on the clock and I needed a 3 pointer to win my team the tournament)
A narrator outside the action narrates the events using pronouns like "he", "his", "she", "her", and "they".
Third Person Point of View
What is perfect tenses?
Verb forms that show completed action Ex. have sold, had sold, will have sold
A phrase that separates the subject and verb
What is an intervening phrase?
metaphor
a fig. of speech that says one thing IS another different thing, whether it's similar or not.
simile
a figure of speech that says one thing is LIKE another different thing. Uses like or as.
soliloquy
an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any audience (Latin solo "to oneself" + talk "loquor")
personification
an inanimate object that is endowed with human qualities or abilities in writing. Ex: "The cupcakes in the basket were begging me to eat them, so I did."
A brief, entertaining account of an interesting incident
anecdotes
A character or force in conflict with the main character
antagonist
The high point of the conflict when the most action or excitement takes place.
climax
2 line Stanza.
couplet
The action that follows the climax as the plot winds down.
denouement
falling action is the part after the climax
denouement
A type of character who changes.
dynamic character
may introduce the characters, establish the setting, and reveal the problem or conflict.
exposition
informational writing
expository
dramatic irony
facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work
A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.
foreshadowing
A classification of a poem's meter when most (though certainly not all) of the feet are iambs. Iambic pentameter is the most natural meter for English poetry.
iamb
A saying or expression specific to speakers of a particular language
idiom
A form of speech intended to convey the opposite of the actual meaning of the words
irony
A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
meter
Words that describe a noun that can include adjectives, verbs and nouns themselves.
modifiers
story; can be fiction or nonfiction
narrative
What is an introduction?
part of a book that serves to give the reader an overview of the book
feelings or emotions
pathos
writer attempting to change an audience's mind or get audience to agree with the writer
persuasive
Chief character in a dramatic or narrative work, usually trying to accomplish some objective or working toward some goal.
protagonist
4 line stanza
quatrain
A mark of punctuation that acts as a full stop in a sentence.
semicolon
14 line poem with fixed structure and rhyme scheme including three quatrains and a rhyming couplet; popularized by Shakespeare
sonnet
conflict
struggle between opposing forces. Man vs. Man, Man vs. society, Man vs. himself Man vs. supernatural and Man vs. nature.
alliteration
the repetition of initial sounds of words in a row. Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
irony
the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Often confused with coincidence. Subgenres: sarcasm, dramatic irony, situational irony, cosmic irony
a universal statement about life and/or society that can be discerned from the reading of a text
theme
the attitude the author has toward the subject he or she is writing about.
tone
