A & P Ch. 6 Integumentary System

The dermis is composed largely of fibrous connective tissue. dense regular connective tissue. stratified squamous epithelium. adipose tissue. dense irregular connective tissue.

dense irregular connective tissue.

Reddened skin reflects

dilated blood vessels, sending more blood to the dermis

Third Degree

All of the dermis is affected Sometimes muscle and bone are destroyed Skin grafts may be required

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper?

Areolar

Three most common types of skin cancer.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma

The skin appears yellowish if a person eats too much

Carotene

First Degree

Cause redness, slight edema, and pain Seldom leave scars May heal in a few days

Forms the bulk of the hair; consists of cells containing hard keratin

Cortex

Outer layer of the hair; single layer of cells containing hard keratin

Cuticle

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin?

Dense irregular

Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment? Dermal blood vessels constrict Sweat glands become active Smooth muscles relax Dermal blood vessels dilate Hairs are retracted into their follicles

Dermal blood vessels constrict

Portion of the connective tissue that surrounds the epithelial root sheath

Dermal root sheath

Damaged tissues are normally repaired through replacement of damaged or dead cells through a process called fibrosis. True or False

False

Three classes of burns

First Degree Second Degree Third Degree

Expanded knob at the base of the hair root

Hair bulb

Contains the hair; consists of epithelial and dermal root sheaths

Hair follicle

Protrudes above the surface of the skin

Hair shaft

Which statement is true regarding the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

It stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to underlying structures.

Which of the following is not a type of hair? Lanugo Vellus Keratin Terminal All of these choices are correct.

Keratin

Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?

Lacuna

Mass of epithelial cells within the bulb that produce the hair

Matrix

Central axis of the hair

Medulla

You accidentally cut your fingernail too far, causing a sharp pain and some bleeding. Which part of your nail was injured? Free edge Lanula Hyponchyium Nail bed

Nail bed

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix?

Osteon

Second Degree

Part of the dermis is involved Severe sunburns and many scalds

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Raised, reddened, scaley appearance. Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum. Lesions usually appear on scalp, ears, lower lip, or dorsum of hand. May metastasize to other parts of the body.

The portion of the hair that is below the surface of the skin

Root

Malignant Melanoma

The least common skin cancer. Arises from the cells that protect from UV Light. Caused by mutations commonly found in moles. If metastasized, the deadliest skin cancer.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

The most common type of skin cancer. Seldom spreads to other tissues. Arises from the deepest layer of the epidermis.

As a person ages, the skin undergoes what change? Elastic fibers become more elastic Epidermal dendritic cells increase in number The subcutaneous tissue loses adipose tissue Hair follicles produce thicker hairs

The subcutaneous tissue loses adipose tissue

Epidermis, Dermis, and Subcutaneous layer are affected by third-degree burns.

True

The oily, waxy secretion called sebum is produced by

apocrine glands

Milk and ear wax are not secretions. are secreted from modified sweat glands. are secreted from modified sebaceous glands. are in the blood. are synthetic substances.

are secreted from modified sweat glands.

The subcutaneous layer of skin consists of epithelial tissue. areolar and adipose tissue. epithelium and areolar tissue. adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue. blood and nerves.

areolar and adipose tissue.

Contraction of the arrector pili muscles causes the hair follicle to resist extraction. lie at an oblique angle next to the skin. become perpendicular to the skin, resulting in the hair "standing on end." release the hair root.

become perpendicular to the skin, resulting in the hair "standing on end."

The sweat glands that produce a watery substance and are associated with exercise and stress are the _________ sweat glands, while glands that produce an organic substance that causes body odor are the __________ sweat glands. merocrine, eccrine holocrine, merocrine sebaceous, apocrine eccrine, apocrine

eccrine, apocrine

Sweat cools the body by convection. conduction. evaporation. radiation. hydration.

evaporation.

The skin's response to severe injuries or burns, when functional activities are not restored, is called ____________

fibrosis

The skin's response to severe injuries or burns, when functional activities are not restored, is called regeneration. granulation. evaporation. fibrosis.

fibrosis.

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of melatonin. carotene. hemoglobin. cyanin. melanin.

melanin.

Melanin is produced and stored in melanocytes. the basement membrane. the dermis. keratinocytes.

melanocytes.

Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in:

producing blood cells

The oily, waxy secretion called sebum is produced by sweat glands. hair follicles. sebaceous glands. apocrine glands. the dermis.

sebaceous glands.

The integument consists of the epidermis, which is composed of _____________, and the dermis, which is composed primarily of ____________ connective tissue.

stratified squamous epithelium, dense irregular

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

stratum basale

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands develop from which layer of the integument?

stratum basale of the epidermis

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the stratum corneum. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum. stratum basale. stratum melaneum.

stratum basale.

The sloughed off cells of the periderm mix with sebum during the fetal period, creating a waterproof coating called _____________.

vernix caseosa

Skin cells play an important role in producing vitamin A. vitamin B. vitamin C. vitamin D. vitamin E.

vitamin D.

Match the structure of the nail with its description or function. 1. Narrow band of epidermis extending from the margin of the nail wall onto the nail body 2. Whitish, crescent shaped area at the base of the nail 3. Skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail 4. Proximal to the nail root; produces the nail 5. A region of thickened stratum corneum over which the free edge projects 6. Composed of epithelial tissue; contains the living cell layers (Nail bed, Cuticle, Lunula, Nail matrix, Hyponychium, Nail fold)

1. Cuticle 2. Lunula 3. Nail fold 4. Nail matrix 5. Hyponychium 6. Nail bed

Match the hair structure with its description. 1. Protrudes above the surface of the skin 2. Central axis of the hair 3. Portion of the connective tissue that surrounds the epithelial root sheath 4. Contains the hair; consists of epithelial and dermal root sheaths 5. Expanded knob at the base of the hair root 6. The portion of the hair that is below the surface of the skin 7. Forms the bulk of the hair; consists of cells containing hard keratin 8. Outer layer of the hair; single layer of cells containing hard keratin 9. Mass of epithelial cells within the bulb that produce the hair (Root, Medulla, Matrix, Dermal Root Sheath, Hair Bulb, Hair Shaft, Cortex, Hair Follicle, Cuticle)

1. Hair Shaft 2. Medulla 3. Dermal Root Sheath 4. Hair Follicle 5. Hair Bulb 6. Root 7. Cortex 8. Cuticle 9. Matrix

Match the type of skin cancer with its description. 1. Malignant melanoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Basal cell carcinoma (Most deadly type, Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, Most common; originates in stratum basale)

1. Most deadly type 2. Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum 3. Most common; originates in stratum basale

Match the major skin gland with its description. 1. Produce sebum, an oily substance rich in lipids 2. Consist of eccrine and apocrine glands Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands

1. Sebaceous Glands 2. Sweat Glands

Match the structure with its protective function. 1. Protects against abrasion; contains melanin, which absorbs damaging UV light 2. Protects against abrasion; acts as a heat insulator, protects the eyes against foreign objects 3. Produce secretions that create an environment unsuitable for some microorganisms 4. Protect the ends of the fingers and toes from damage; can be used in defense (Glands, Skin, Nails, Hair)

1. Skin 2. Hair 3. Glands 4. Nails

Nails are scalelike modifications of which layer of the integument? Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum

Select the way in which sweat glands function in homeostasis. Production of vitamin D3 Temperature regulation Protection Sensory perception

Temperature regulation

The way in which sweat glands function in homeostasis.

Temperature regulation