A & P: Chapter 21 Review

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

A) tunica intima

When renin is released from the kidney A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases.

B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.

B) arteriole.

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure.

B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries. A) common carotid B) common iliac C) femoral D) tibial E) popliteal

B) common iliac

Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drain into a(n) A) plantar vein. B) dorsal venous arch. C) small saphenous vein. D) peroneal vein. E) iliac vein.

B) dorsal venous arch.

Veins of the brain empty into A) coronary sinuses. B) dural sinuses. C) the circle of Willis. D) external jugular veins. E) vertebral veins.

B) dural sinuses.

The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

B) elastic

The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is: A) acetylcholine. B) epinephrine. C) bradykinin. D) tachykinin. E) sympathetic neuropeptide.

B) epinephrine.

The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

B) external elastic membrane.

The ________ vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and deep femoral vein. A) internal iliac B) external iliac C) common iliac D) inferior vena cava E) azygous

B) external iliac

Branches of the popliteal artery include the A) femoral artery. B) fibular artery. C) iliac artery. D) dorsalis pedis. E) plantar arch.

B) fibular artery.

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except A) uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure. B) inhibition of EPO secretion. C) activation of ADH secretion. D) activation of aldosterone secretion. E) increased thirst and water intake.

B) inhibition of EPO secretion.

A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered A) a large vein. B) a venule. C) a medium vein. D) an arteriovenule. E) a venous valve.

C) a medium vein.

Which of these contributes to the formation of the popliteal vein? A) internal iliac B) small saphenous and great saphenous C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular D) peroneal and popliteal E) great saphenous and posterior tibial

C) anterior and posterior tibial and fibular

Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) arteriovenous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure

C) arterial pressure.

After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) subclavian E) digital

C) brachial

The superior sagittal sinus collects blood from the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) arms. E) legs.

C) brain.

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

C) capillary

RBCs move single file through this structure. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

C) capillary

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the A) common carotid artery. B) basal ring. C) cerebral arterial circle. D) external carotid artery. E) arterial bypass

C) cerebral arterial circle.

Venous valves are responsible for A) preventing anterograde flow. B) channeling blood away from the heart. C) channeling blood toward the heart. D) both A and B E) both A and C

C) channeling blood toward the heart.

Which of the following obeys the rule that arteries carry blood away from the heart? A) right coronary artery B) left circumflex artery C) common carotid artery D) marginal artery E) left descending artery

C) common carotid artery

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) peritoneum E) pleura

C) diaphragm

Blood pressure is determined by A) measuring the size of the pulse. B) listening carefully to the pulse. C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.

C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) perforated capillaries. B) discontinuous capillaries. C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum.

C) fenestrated capillaries.

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) hepatic portal vein. D) hepatic vein. E) azygos vein.

C) hepatic portal vein.

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexly results in A) stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center in the brain. B) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system. D) stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center. E) increased heart rate.

C) increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Elderly individuals are more prone than are younger individuals to have all of the following, except A) hypertension. B) venous thrombosis. C) increased elasticity of vessel walls. D) problems with the conducting system of the heart. E) arteriosclerosis.

C) increased elasticity of vessel walls.

The two common iliac veins form the A) femoral vein. B) greater saphenous vein. C) inferior vena cava. D) hepatic portal vein. E) innominate vein.

C) inferior vena cava.

Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies). A) radial B) brachial C) lateral thoracic D) digital E) both B and C

C) lateral thoracic

Pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemic circuit.

C) lungs.

At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the ________ artery. A) iliac B) deep femoral C) popliteal D) tibial E) peroneal

C) popliteal

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum. B) plexus. C) precapillary sphincter. D) thoroughfare channel. E) venule.

C) precapillary sphincter.

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory

C) pulse

At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular

C) subclavian

The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the A) internal jugular vein. B) external jugular vein. C) superior vena cava. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

C) superior vena cava.

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

C) tunica media

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia.

C) tunica media.

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries. A) axillary B) digital C) ulnar D) subclavian E) brachiocephalic

C) ulnar

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery? A) 0.2 mm B) 1.0 cm C) 0.4 mm D) 0.4 cm E) none of the above

D) 0.4 cm

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 30 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 25

D) 50

Branches off the aortic arch include the A) brachiocephalic trunk. B) left subclavian artery. C) left common carotid artery. D) all of the above E) B and C only

D) all of the above

During exercise A) vasodilation occurs at the active skeletal muscles. B) venous return increases. C) both cardiac output and stroke volume increase. D) all of the above E) A and C only

D) all of the above

Materials can move across capillary walls by A) diffusion. B) filtration. C) reabsorption. D) all of the above E) A and B only

D) all of the above

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict. D) arterioles dilate. E) both C and D

D) arterioles dilate.

After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the ________ artery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) axillary E) digital

D) axillary

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A) decreased plasma albumen B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure D) both A and B E) A, B, and C

D) both A and B

The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic

D) brachial

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions. B) concentration of plasma glucose. C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells.

D) concentration of plasma proteins.

Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut.

D) have thinner walls.

Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6

In response to hemorrhage, there is A) peripheral vasoconstriction. B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) mobilization of the venous reserve. D) all of the above E) A and C only

E) A and C only

Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) hypertension. B) stroke. C) coronary artery disease. D) both A and C E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

Veins of the upper arm include the ________ vein(s). A) basilic B) cephalic C) brachial D) A and C only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

Elastic fibers in the walls of these vessels are stretched during systole. A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins

A) arteries

Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel? A) arteriole B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) venule

A) arteriole

Blood pressure is highest here. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

A) artery

Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following, except the ________ arteries. A) basilar B) superior phrenic C) esophageal D) bronchial E) intercostal

A) basilar

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.

A) continuous capillaries.

When the popliteal vein reaches the femur, it becomes the ________ vein. A) femoral B) deep femoral C) internal iliac D) external iliac E) lumbar

A) femoral

Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue, except A) increased hematocrit. B) increased vessel diameter. C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance. E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.

A) increased hematocrit.

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery. A) internal carotid B) external carotid C) mental D) azygos E) maxillary

A) internal carotid

The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n) A) large vein. B) venule. C) medium vein. D) arteriovenule. E) venous valve.

A) large vein.

The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

A) precapillary arterioles.

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of aldosterone.

A) release of renin.

Blood from the dorsal venous arch is drained by the ________ vein(s). A) small saphenous B) posterior tibial C) great saphenous D) A, B, and C E) A and C only

A) small saphenous

Near the carotid sinus, A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch. B) the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries. C) the external carotid forms the internal carotid. D) veins and arteries anastomose. E) the aorta gives rise to the common carotids.

A) the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch.

Pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit.

B) left atrium.

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the A) length of a blood vessel. B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) flow characteristics. D) blood viscosity. E) blood vessel diameter.

B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

At the knee, the small saphenous, tibial, and fibular veins unite to form the ________ vein. A) femoral B) popliteal C) external iliac D) internal iliac E) inferior vena cava

B) popliteal

As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) pressure drops. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.

B) pressure drops.

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression.

B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) doubles; decreases B) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) none of the above

B) reduces; increases

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein.

B) superior vena cava.

The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the A) tunica adventitia. B) tunica media. C) tunica intima. D) tunica externa. E) tunica mater.

B) tunica media.

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veins B) venules C) medium veins D) arteriovenules E) venous valves

B) venules

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except A) increased levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of angiotensin II. C) increased blood volume. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide). E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone).

D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

D) internal elastic membrane.

Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the ________ vein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) innominate D) internal jugular E) external jugular

D) internal jugular

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular

D) muscular

Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction.

D) parasympathetic innervation.

Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm? A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) cephalic D) radial E) basilic

D) radial

The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.

D) venule.

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

D) venules.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A) high cholesterol B) lack of exercise C) smoking D) obesity E) all of the above

E) all of the above

To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body A) accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys. B) experiences a recall of interstitial fluids. C) experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure. D) increases water intake. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) blood viscosity B) vessel diameter C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation? A) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen B) blood flow changes to match tissue responses C) changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure D) blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the A) anterior communicating artery. B) anterior cerebral artery. C) posterior communicating artery. D) posterior cerebral artery. E) basilar artery.

E) basilar artery.

The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the A) circle of Willis. B) common carotid artery. C) external carotid artery. D) internal carotid artery. E) basilar artery.

E) basilar artery.

The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic

E) brachiocephalic

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries.

E) capillaries.

The external iliac artery branches to form the ________ arteries. A) radial and ulnar B) femoral and popliteal C) femoral and tibial D) tibial and popliteal E) femoral and deep femoral

E) femoral and deep femoral

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

E) tunica externa

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

E) vein

Venae cavae are the largest of this type of vessel. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein

E) vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins

E) veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

E) veins.