A & P Muscular System

The pectoralis major has multiple origins. Indicate its three origins

1 clavicle 2 costal cartilages 3 sternum

List the flexors of the neck

1 scalenes 2 sternocleidomastoid

The gluteus maximus muscle has a variety of actions. Name actions

1. extend thigh at hip 2. abducts thigh

The action of the extensor hallucis longus

1. extends great toe 2. dorsiflexes foot

The gluteus maximus muscle has a variety of actions

1. extends thigh at hip 2. abducts thigh

The pectoralis major moves the humerus in multiple ways. Three actions

1. flexes 2. adducts 3. medially rotates humerus

Functions of skeletal muscle

1. movement 2.heat production 3. joint stability

The trapezius has multiple origins. Name three of the origin sites for the trapezius

1. nuchal ligament 2. spinous process c7-T3 3. Occipital protuberance

The quadriceps femoris consists of the following heads:

1. rectus femoris 2. vastus lateralis 3. vastus medialis 4. vastus intermedius

Which three muscle subgroups are part of the erector spinae

1. spinalis 2. iliocostalis 3. longissimus

Name the muscles that insert on the tibial tuberosity

1. vastus medialis 2. rectus femoris 3. vastus intermedius 4. vastus lateralis

The deltoid muscle actions

1.flexes arm 2. laterally rotates arm 3. abducts arm

How many head does the quadriceps femoris have?

4

Describe a muscle fascicle

A bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue

The vastus medialis is one head of the ___

Quadriceps femoris

Muscles that retract the scapula

Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor Trapezius

The action of the Gluteus Medius and Gluteus

abduct and medially rotate thigh

Actions of the latissimus dorsi

adducts and medially rotates humerus extends the shoulder joint

A muscle that opposes the prime mover is classified as an

antagonist

The extensors of the knee are found in the ___ compartment of the thigh

anterior

The strongest dorsiflexors of the foot will be found in the ___ compartment of the leg.

anterior

Rectus Femoris origin

anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum

The origin of the sartorius

anterior superior iliac spine

Name the hamstrings muscle that has its tendon coming laterally around the knee

biceps femoris

The tibialis anterior muscle will ___ and ___- the foot

dorsiflex and invert

The action of the diaphragm

during inspiration, it depressed the floor of thorax

The levator scapulae has multiple actions

elevates scapula flexes neck laterally retracts scapula

The loose connective tissue layer that surrounds each individual muscle cell is called the ___

endomysium

Vastus lateralis

extends the : retains patella in grove on femur during knee movements

The action of thequadriceps femoris

extends the knee

A muscle that prevents a bone from moving is classified as a ___

fixator

The biceps brachil ___ the elbow. (action word)

flexes

Gracilis action

flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee

The action of the biceps femoris

flexes knee; laterally rotates leg; extends hip

The sheet of connective tissue connecting the anterior and posterior bellies of the occipitofrontalis is the ___

galea aponeurotica

During a particular joint action, the agonist (also called the prime mover) will have what function?

generates most of the force needed to produce the action

Circular muscles that form rings around body openings are also called____

sphincters

The origin of the rhomboideus Major

spinous processes of vertebrae T2-T5

The action of the supinator is to ___ the forearm.

supinate

Tendons of which muscles form the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis

a muscle that works with other muscles to cause a movement is called a __

synergist

Connective tissue structures that attach bone to muscle are called ___

tendons

The insertion of the gracilis is on the ___ bone

tibia

the action of the mandible

to elevate

Name the muscle that works to compress abdominal contents, maintain posture, and increase intra-abdominal pressure (to facilitate urination,defecation, childbirth) This muscle does NOT contribute to movement of the vertebral column

transverse abdominal

Name the muscles that insert on the tibial tuberosity

vastus intermedius rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus lateralis

The action of the serratus anterior

protracts scapula; fixes scapula

Name the heads of the quadriceps femoris

rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis vastus intermedius

A connective tissue layer called the ____ surrounds an entire muscle. It also projects down into the muscle to form the perimyslum

Epimysium

Identify the muscles that medially rotate the scapula

Levator scapulae Rhomboideus major Rhomboideus minor

The collagenous structrue running from the kneecap to the tibial tuberosity

Patellar ligament

The flexors of the knee are found in the ___ compartment of the thigh

posterior

Describe fascia

connective tissue sheet separating neighboring muscles or muscle groups

Name the insertion of the deltoid muscle

deltoid tuberosity

The___ muscle is innervated by the phrenic nerves

diaphragm

The teres minor inserts on the___ ____ of the humerus

greater tubercle

Identify the origin of the gluteus maximus

ilium sacrum coccyx

The site of muscle attachment that is moved upon contraction is called the ____

insertion

Muscles that evert the foot will be found in the ___ compartment of the leg

lateral

The insertion of the tensor fasciae latae

lateral condyle of tibia (via iliotibial band)

The insertion of the pronator teres

lateral radial shaft

the tibialis anterior inserts on the ___aspect of the foot

medial

For a muscle, the point of attachment that remains relatively stationary during contraction is its ____

origin

Name the insertion of the vastus intermedius

patella and tibial tuberosity

Name the connective tissue layer that surrounds individual fascicles within skeletal muscle

perimysium

Muscles of the quadriceps femoris with its origin:

vastus lateralis- femur: greater trochanter, interrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera vastus intermedius-Anterior and lateral shaft of femur vastus medialis-Femur: intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, medial supracondular line rectus femoris- anterior inferior illiac spine, margin of acetabulum