A and P Sorry, no manipulations with clipboard allowed

A substance that ensures enzyme catalysed reactions take place at the appropriate rate.

23. Give an example of a cofactor

intracellular enzymes

25. What is the name of the type of enzyme that functions inside the cell?

UAG, UAA, UGA. These codons signal the end of the polypeptide chain during translation. These codons are also known as termination codons as they do not code for an amino acid.

7. What are the stop codons?

yes microbes are everywhere

Are microbes found everywhere?

yes

Can Biotech be used in Forensics?

No, some have no effect, some may be beneficial.

Does mutation have negative effects?

True

Glycolysis is also called substrate-level phosphorylation. T or F

2 ATP molecules

How many ATP molecules of FADH2?

two rounds of Krebs cycle.

How many cycles are there in the Krebs cycle?

32

How many total ATP molecules are synthesized during ETC?

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

Name the three steps of cellular respiration?

Phenotype

The expression of the genetic trait is known as ______?

EcoRI is one of the most commonly used restriction enzymes in molecular biology. It recognizes the palindromic DNA sequence 5'-GAATTC-3' and cuts between the G and the A, producing sticky ends. HindIII - HindIII recognizes the palindromic sequence 5'-AAGCTT-3' and cuts between the A and the A, also producing sticky ends. This enzyme is frequently used in cloning and DNA analysis techniques. BamHI - BamHI cuts the DNA sequence 5'-GGATCC-3' between the G and the G, producing sticky ends that are useful for DNA insertion in various biotechnological applications.

Three (3) Restriction Endonucleases

estriction enzymes are called this because they cut within the moleculecuts a particular sequence of DNA -- creates blunt or sticky ends

What are endonucleases?

1. Gel electrophoresis 2. Southern blot 3. Gel probe 4. PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction

What are the four (4) fundamental methods of Biotech?

- Helicase is able to unwind the strands of the double helix just as easily in the lab as it does in a cell- DNA strands separate when exposed to temperatures just below boiling- Complementary strands will hydrogen bond and the strands will re-form when the DNA is cooled

What do you understand about the intrinsic property of the DNA molecule?

an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations

What is a genotype

holoenzyme is the protein component of the enzyme and bound cofactor which creates the active form of the enzyme.

What is a holoenzyme?

Words or phases that are the same when read backward or forward. Palindromes are sequences of double-stranded nucleic acids with twofold symmetry

What is a palindrome?

the physical appearance of an organism based on the genotype (genes)

What is a phenotype?

apoenzyme is the protein component of the enzyme which is inactive and not bound to the cofactorterm-19

What is an apoenzyme?

Proteins that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life

What is an enzyme?

Vitamins: vitamin A, D, CNAD+ and NADH

What is an example of a coenzyme?

Metabolism refers to the chemical reactions in the body that build and breakdown molecules

What is metabolism?

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

What is the Central Dogma?

A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.• In humans, a copy of the entire genome—more than 3 billion DNA base pairs—is contained in all cells that have a nucleus

What is the genome

Extracellular enzymes

What is the name of the type of enzyme that functions outside the cell?

32 ATP Molecules

What is the net total of ATP molecules that are synthesized during the breakdown of one molecule of carbohydrate?

the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation. During protein synthesis, the tRNA recognizes this specific codon with the help of some initiation factors and starts translation of mRNA

What is the start codon for translation?

Takes place in the cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane).

Where does ETC take place in prokaryotes?

cytoplasm/cytosol

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotes?

The electron transport chain is part of oxidative phosphorylation. This produces the most ATP

Which phase of cellular respiration produces the most ATP molecules?