A first look at Communication Ch. 1-3
The process of perception involves which of the following?
Interpreting information, organizing information, and selecting information
A ___________ orientation toward time treats time as a valuable commodity, as in "Time is money".
Monochronic
A communication model is which of the following?
a formal description of the communication process
Ambiguity is defined as a lack of
certainty
The name for a group of people who share values, customs, and norms related to mutual interests, not nationality, is
co-culture
Which of the following is not a communication myth?
communication skills are improved by practice
The difference between masculine and feminine cultures is the degree to which a culture
differentiates sex-specific roles
High and low context cultures differ in the
directness of their language
Every culture has its own symbols that stand for _________ that are important in that culture.
ideas
What feature of culture ensures that ideas are passed from one generation to the next?
language
Cultures that are _________ value ambition, achievement, The acquisition of material goods, and gender specific roles; whereas those that are _____________ Value nurturing, the quality of life, and service to others.
masculine and feminine
A formal description of the process of communication is called a communication
model
Communication breaks down when we are
no longer communicating effectively
Which term describes the stage of the perceptual process in which information is classified in some way?
organization
Our minds usually select, organize, and interpret perceptual information __________ and subconsciously.
quickly
Our minds usually select, organize, and interpret perceptual information ___________ and subconsciously.
quickly
According to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is
successful marriage
Which of the following is NOT a culturally universal idea or experience?
withholding from sharing gossip
Which of the following is not a culturally universal idea or experience?
withholding from sharing gossip
According to psychologist Dan McAdams, the way you present yourself to others that is based on your self-concept and is also influenced by other people is developed from your
Life story
Which of the following should one remember to do when using channel-lean media?
Review your message before sharing it Clarify your meaning wherever possible Use emoji to convey emotion
When we say there has been a breakdown in communication, it usually means that individuals
are still communicating but doing so ineffectively
We explain social behavior, including our own, by forming ______ for them.
attributions
Like cultures, smaller groups called ______ develop distinctive symbols, language, values, and norms.
co-cultures
In terms of the communication process, tone of voice functions as
communication channel
When 91% of surveyed U.S. adults report that their communication skills are above average, they are
confusing experience with expertise
Which of the following influence perception?
culture, stereotyping, accumulated experience
Which of the following is not a component of cultures and co-cultures?
ethnicity
Culture affects communication through all of the following except
ethnocentric distance
The process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected and organized is
interpretation
What is the third step in the perception process?
interpretation
Which form of communication involves communicating with yourself?
intrapersonal communication
Which of the following best describes instrumental needs?
most day-to-day communication is about meeting instrumental needs
The common components of cultures are symbols, language, values, and
norms
Confusion that results from the multiple meanings of the term boot in British and American English demonstrates
the arbitrary nature of language
Interpretation is the __________ step in the perceptual process.
third
Which of the following are ways that self-concept can shape our communication behaviors?
through self-monitoring through a self-fulfilling prophecy
We seek to ____ social behavior so that we know how to react to it.
to explain
We use attribution to ___________ behavior.
to explain
Which of the following are often adopted by co-cultures to distinguish their members from outsiders?
values, norms, language
Which of the following are shared components of a given culture?
values, symbols, language
Perception is which of the following?
A process
Which of the following statements about communication is true, given that it can be used for positive purposes, such as expressing love for our children, but also for negative purposes, such as lying or making threats?
Communication is neither inherently good nor bad.
A recent survey of U.S. employers by the National Association of Colleges and Employers suggest that
Communication skills are the most valued characteristic of a prospective employee
The term "__________" describes the totality of learned, shared ideas that distinguish one group of people from another.
Culture
The term "___________" describes the totality of learned, shared ideas that distinguish one group of people from another.
Culture
Communication can solve any problem.
False
True or false: Cognition is the same thing as intrapersonal communication.
False
True or false: One's ethnicity is directly related to one's culture.
False
True or false: because we continually rely on making perceptions about the communication behaviors of others, perceptual mistakes are rare.
False
The personal "face" we want others to see is the kind of ___________ we want to project.
Image
Groups with whom you identify are called
In-groups
Which of the following statements about self-concept is correct?
It influences communication.
Which of the following statements are true of self-concept?
It's a person's identity. It is multifaceted. It is partly subjective. It is a collection of smaller "selves".
Which of the following statements about jargon are correct?
Jargon is language with a technical meaning. Jargon is intended for understanding by people within a given co-culture. Jargon may not be understood by persons outside the co-culture that uses it.
Anything that interferes with the receiver's ability to address a message is called
Noise
The rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture are known as
Norms
_________ are rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture.
Norms
Which of the following factors influence our interpretation of another person's behavior?
Our personal experience with the person, Our knowledge of the person, the closeness of our relationship with the person
Remarking "it is never okay to steal is an example of easy communication to meet a(n) ___________ need.
Spiritual
Remarking "it is never okay to steal" is an example of using communication to meet a(n) ___________ need.
Spiritual
Which of the following statements about stereotypes are correct?
They influence the way we interpret communication. They influence the way we perceive other people. They are generalizations about groups of people.
True or False: Communication includes writing.
True
True or false: Culture can affect the way people communicate even without their recognizing it.
True
Believing that ___________ is characteristic of low-power-distance cultures.
all men and women are equal
Communicating with cultural awareness requires
being open-minded about cultural differences
Which of the following help people communicate with cultural awareness?
being open-minded, being able to adapt to others, knowing different communication codes
Which of the following statements about communication is not correct?
communication has no rules
The technical medical terminology physicians use to communicate among themselves about medical conditions and treatments is known as
jargon
Systems of written and spoken communication are known as
language
Environments that use relatively few channels are called channel-__________ contexts.
lean
The second step of the perception process is
organization
Transactional communication typically takes place in channel-___________ environments.
rich
Organization is ____________ in the perceptual process.
second stage
In what part of the process of perception do you choose to pay attention to certain stimuli?
selection
Which of the following are characteristics of communication?
- It is affected by the perceptions of the participants - It has literal meanings - It has relational implications
Which of the following should one remember to do when using channel-lean media?
-Use emoji to convey emotion. -review your message before sharing it. -Clarify your meaning wherever possible
Which of the following expressions best describes the idea of empathy?
Put yourself in my shoes.
Which three of the following are part of the stereotyping process?
Recalling a generalization about a group Applying a generalization to a person Identifying someone as a member of a group
The communication model that treats communication as a one-way process is the __________ model.
action
Personal experience, knowledge, and the closeness of a relationship are all factors that influence your ___________ of another persons behavior.
interpretation
The part of the perceptual process where you assign meaning is known as
interpretation
The first stage in the process of perception is
selection
you perceive yourself through your
self-concept
Which of the following are common among the action and interaction models of communication but not the transactional model?
separate source and receiver roles a series of back-and-forth messages
Your co-culture is not based on
shared nationality
The action model of communication describes a one-way model of the communication process, which begins with the __________ and ends with the _______.
source and receiver
According to the U.S. survey by the National Association of Colleges and Employers, which of the following ranks highest in terms of what employers were seeking and job applicants who were new college graduates?
the ability to communicate verbally
A culture judges goodness, desirability, or beauty through
values
Individual choice, democracy, and material comfort are all cultural ___________ of the United States.
values
Which of the following is not an element needed for communicating with cultural awareness?
visiting another country
Meeting each of your communication goals in a given situation means that
you are an effective communicator
Communication is the process that humans use to exchange information and create meaning by using which of the following?
- signs - behaviors - symbols
Which of the following are benefits of having high self-esteem?
-Being more outgoing -Being comfortable initiating relationships with others -Being willing to communicate
Which of the following are elements of effective communication?
-Selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals -Understanding unique cultural expectations -Using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals -Identifying your communication goals
Which of the following are reasons a speaker might prefer to conduct an online video conference rather than post an online video?
-to receive information from facial expressions from the audience -to use multiple communication channels
Which of the following statements best describe how culture influences communication?
A person may not be aware that culture is influencing his or her own communication; Everyone has cultural traits and biases that affect communication
The communication model that treats communication as a one-way process is the___________ model.
Action
Baseball, apple pie, and the bald eagle are all symbols of _________ culture.
American
Dinesh sees two of his friends in a cafe. One of the friends gestures animatedly to the other while the other closes his eyes and leans his head back. Dinesh wonders why the friend reacted like that. Dinesh seeks a(n)
Attribution
Which of the following have highly individualistic cultures?
Australia, Canada, Great Britain
Which of the following conditions is the most likely to affect a person's capacity to empathize?
Autism
When you help a person save face, you help that person
Avoid embarrassment or lose dignity.
Which characteristics make something more likely to be selected during the perception stage?
Being intense, being repetitive, and being unusual
Which characteristics make something more likely to be selected during the perception stage?
Being intense, being unusual, and being repetitive
Which of the following have highly individualistic cultures?
Canada, Great Britain, and Australia
What are the three main factors that influence interpretation of behavior?
Closeness of your relationship, experience, and knowledge
Communication _________ are verbal and nonverbal behaviors who's meanings are often understood Only by people from the same culture.
Codes
We _______ misperceive others' behaviors.
Commonly
Which is not a part of the process of stereotyping?
Determining if the generalization is accurate
Compared with people with lower self-esteem, people with higher self-esteem are more prone to which of the following?
Ending relationships, aggression, risky sexual behavior
Which of the following specifically refers to the perception of an individual's ancestry or heritage?
Ethnicity
Which of the following are culturally universal experiences?
Experiencing pride and shame Distinguish right and wrong Valuing loyalty Sharing gossip
True or false: Everyone is an expert communicator because we have communicated practically every day of our lives.
False
True or false: Having an active social life is not a powerful predictor of a person's overall happiness.
False
True or false: image management is an individual process with no outside influences.
False
True or false: one's ethnicity is directly related to one's culture.
False
True or false: perception is a slow, deliberate process.
False
True or false: we are always conscious of our selection of one stimulus over another.
False
Research has shown that people would strong ties to family and friends are less likely to suffer from which of the following?
High Blood Pressure Premature Death Mental Illness
Research has shown that people with strong ties to family and friends are less likely to suffer from which of the following?
High blood pressure Mental illness Premature death
Which of the following statements are examples of spiritual principles?
I believe in destiny and fate Divine beauty is found in nature
Which of the following best exemplifies uncertainty avoidance?
Mahnoosh declines a dinner invitation at a Korean restaurant because he has never eaten Korean food before.
Part of being a competent and skilled communicator includes which of the following?
Managing the influences of self-concept Being aware of your self-concept
In the context of communication, which of the following best completes this sentence: "Because words by themselves are symbols, they have no inherent __________ until someone uses them."
Meaning
Swiss, German, and U.S. societies are examples of _________ Cultures, which view time is valuable.
Monochronic
Which of the following are elements of your self-concept?
Perceptions of who you are -- stability
When Sam got up in the morning, he took a shower, chatted with his wife and kids at breakfast, and then went to work. At work, he asked a colleague to review a proposal, confirmed a lunch date with a friend, and wrote a memo to justify his request for a raise. Which of the following statements best describes this account?
Sam mostly addressed his instrumental needs.
The term "__________" refers to preserving one's dignity in a potentially embarrassing situation.
Saving face
Which of the following are elements of effective communication?
Selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals Using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals Understanding unique cultural expectations Identifying your communication goals
If you noticed that your roommate failed to wash the dishes but did not notice that she cleaned the bathroom, you would be engaging in
Selection
Which of the following are ways to be open-minded about cultural differences?
Striving to become aware of how your culture is different from another culture. Avoiding the urge to judge differences in a negative light.
Which of the following factors will you likely pay attention to when interpreting a friend's behavior?
The closeness of your relationship, your personal experience, your knowledge of your friend
True or False: If people treat you as being intelligent, you will be more likely to believe that you have that trait.
True
True or false: differences, including views about masculinity and femininity, power distance, and orientation toward time, influence how people from different cultures communicate with one another.
True
Why did the officer presume the guilt of 14-year-old Santiago Ventura?
Ventura answered yes to all the officers questions
Which of the following is a reason that perceptual errors occur?
We view the world through many lenses
A lack of certainty of what to say or how to act in a social situation is called
ambiguity
Unlike relational communication needs, identity needs
are formed in part by comparing the self to others
Health can decline quickly when individuals are deprived of communication, such as when they
are in solitary confinement
Which of the following is a value of individualistic cultures?
being oneself
Santiago Ventura never made eye contact with the police officer because Mixtec Indians
believe that it is rude to look people directly in the eye
The transaction model of communication maintains that people in a conversation are
both sources and receivers
Standard instant messaging is an example of a ________ context.
channel-lean
Tweeting, sending email, and instant messaging, all rely on ______ media.
channel-lean
Environments that incorporate multiple communication channels at once are called
channel-rich contexts
Which of the following refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture?
communication codes
Which communication myth is illustrated by the belief that lack of effective communication is the primary cause of failing marriages?
communication will solve any problem
The difference between low- and high- ____________ cultures is primarily found in how directly or indirectly members express themselves in language.
context
The ___________ of communication is more important than the quantity.
effectiveness
Which elements does the interaction model add to the action model?
feedback and context
Selection is __________ in the process of perception.
first stage
Which of the following are two of the most common attribution errors?
fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias
a study of doctor-patient consultations found that the more doctors talked, the more likely they were to
get off track and forget about patients' problems
A common communication myth is that communication is inherently
good
The process of adjusting our behavior in order to project the kind of image we want to project is known as
image management
Which of the following statements are true of the action model of communication?
it depends on the receiver to decode the message and it assumes a one-way process
Which of the following statements are true about the self-serving bias?
it involves the tendency to attribute success to internal causes and it primarily relates to how we explain our own behaviors
Which of the following statements about the transaction model are true?
it sees conversations as simultaneous two-way flows it treats conversation participants as both sources and receivers
Which statements about the interaction model of communication are correct?
it treats communication as a two-way process, it includes feedback, it includes context
The belief that no one is inherently better than anyone else is an example of a ___________ culture.
low power distance
Deception has become more common in certain communication venues, such as
online personal ads
The second step in the perception process, ___________, Helps you make sense of information by allowing you to compare and contrast it with other things you know about it.
organization
Groups you see as different from yourself are called
out-groups
The process of making meaning from what we sense or experience in the world around us is called
perception
We form impressions and evaluations of others by engaging in
perception
Which of the following characteristics make a stimulus stand out?
repetition and intensity
A generalization about a group of people is known as a(n)
stereotype
The tendency to avoid unfamiliar and uncomfortable situations is known as _____________ avoidance
uncertainty
A stimulus will stand out if it is
unusual
