A Nutrition Perspective
What is needed to facilitate absorption?
A protein carrier and energy
Primary site for fat storage is?
Adipose tissue
What are components of saliva?
Amylase, lipase, and mucus
Intrinsic factor is required for absorption of vitamin?
B-12
One substance responsible for the digestion and absorption of fat in the small intestine is?
Bile
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in?
Making dietary minerals soluble, partially digesting proteins, and activation some digestive enzymes
An enzyme that breaks down the bonds in proteins is?
Protease
What is absorbed by the lining of the stomach?
Water and Alcohol
Feces are expelled from the body through the?
anal sphincters
Bile is stored in the?
gallbladder
The term hepatic refers to?
liver
Fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed into the?
lymphatic system
Amylase is the enzyme needed to digest?
starch
After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the?
veins
What are genetic variations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
A delay in the removal of cholesterol from the blood and high levels of homocysteine in the blood
What suspends lipids in the watery chyme in the small intestine?
Bile
Glycogen is the primary storage form of ? in the human body?
Carbohydrates
What are the functions of the Cardiovascular system?
Delivering hormones to target cells, Distributing nutrients, and facilitating the exchange of oxygen
The regulation of blood glucose level by insulin and glycogen is the ? function of the pancreas
Endocrine
The circulation of water-soluble nutrients from the GI tract to the liver is via the?
Hepatic Portal Vein
The villi facilitate absorption of nutrients in the small intestine by?
Increasing the surface area
In contrast to the small intestine, the large intestine?
Lacks villi, has increased bacterial action, and lacks digestive enzymes
Oxygenated blood circulates from the lungs to the ? side of the heart and then to the rest of the body?
Left
Fats are digested by?
Lipase
What is absorbed into the lymphatic vessels before entering general circulation?
Long-chain fatty acids and Fat-soluble vitamins
The combined surface are of the ? increase the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine
Microvilli, folds of the mucosa, and villi
Carbohydrates can be stored in the form of glycogen in the?
Muscles and liver
How are nutrition and genetics linked?
Nutrients affect gene expression, Genes determine nutrient requirements, and Genes influence development of some nutritional diseases
The branch of nutritional genomics that examines how genetic variations affect nutrition-related diseases is called?
Nutrigenetics
The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called?
Peristalsis
What substances are present in blood cells but NOT present in lymph?
Platelets and Red Blood Cells
A substance that serves as fuel for bacteria in the large intestine is?
Prebiotic
Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the?
Small intestine
Chyme is found where?
Stomach
The esophagus is a long tube that connects the pharynx with the?
Stomach
True or False: Each enzyme is specific to only one type of chemical process?
True
What two nutrients are produced by bacteria in the large intestine?
Vitamin K and Biotin
Do genes play a role in the development of both type 1 and 2 diabetes?
YES!
What is enterohepatic circulation?
circulation of bile acids from the liver to the gut and back to the liver via portal vein
The cardiovascular system is made up of?
heart and blood vessels
For dietary advice to be effective, it must be tailored to?
personal and cultural differences
Digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the?
ph of the environment in which they function, type of chemical reaction they catalyze, and vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function
What does Nutritional genomics explore?
the effects of the gene code on nutritional health and the effects of nutritional health on genetic expression
