A& P 2. chapter 12,13,14

Alzheimer disease.

A common type of disabling senile dementia that results in progressive loss of intellectual ability, is called agnosia. prosopagnosia. Alzheimer disease. transient ischemic attack syndrome. amylotrophic lateral sclerosis.

True

An excitatory postsynaptic potential depolarizes the membrane while an inhibitory post synaptic potential hyperpolarizes it. t/f

monoplegia

An individual suffers a stroke and looses control over their left arm. The individual is affected with __________ paralysis. diplegia monoplegia paraplegia hemiplegia quadriplegia

beta waves.

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called alpha waves. beta waves. theta waves. delta waves. P waves.

Vagus

Damaging which cranial nerve could decrease gastrointestinal secretions? Oculomotor Trigeminal Accessory Facial Vagus

remove a neurotransmitter

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to remove a neurotransmitter stop a spatial summation continue a temporal summation inhibit a presynaptic potential excite a presynaptic potential

+30 mV

During the depolarizing phase of an action potential, the inflow of Na+ changes the membrane potential from −55 mV to _____. +20 mV +30 mV -20 mV -30 mV

False

Gray matter has its distinctive color due to myelination of axons. t/f

True

Gray matter includes unmyelinated axons, dendrites, cell bodies and neuroglia. In the brain, a thin layer of gray matter covers the cerebrum and cerebellum. t/f

d.All of these choices

How are neurotransmitters removed from the synaptic cleft? a.Diffusion b.Enzymatic degradation c.Uptake by cells d.All of these choices

c. depolarizing graded potential

If a neurotransmitter attaches to a ligand-gated channel and creates a potential that causes the inside of the excitable cell membrane to become less negative, and this potential travels only a short distance before dying out, it is considered to be a(n)... a.declining graded potential b.hyperpolarizing graded potential c.depolarizing graded potential d.temporary graded potential

b. Saltatory

In ______ conduction, the impulse jumps from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier. a. Continuous b. Saltatory c. Critical d. Referred

ions

In an action potential, the electric current that flows is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane. electrons protons ions chemicals neutrons

E

In this diagram which structure is the conus medullaris?

**** incorrect

In this diagram, which of these types of channels represents a gate that opens to a depolarizing event?

False

Myelination reduces the speed of propagation of an action potential. t/f

**** incorrect

On what labeled structure would a ganglion be found?

Ascending tracts

Sensory information travels to the brain via Ascending tracts Descending tracts Integration tracts Anterior roots Direct motor pathways

a dermatome.

The area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves is called a dermatome. a microtome. perineurium. a fascicle. an epitome.

ectodermal

The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube. mesodermal endodermal ectodermal

A. within the neurona.

The generation of an action potential is an electrochemical event. This electrical event occurs: a. within the neuron b. only in the nerves with neurolemma c. within the myelin sheath d. in microglia

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

The motor portion of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into somatic and sympathetic divisions. somatic and parasympathetic divisions. enteric and somatic divisions. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. voluntary and involuntary divisions.

lumbar enlargement

The nerves that supply the thigh and calf of leg emerge from the lumbar enlargement filum terminale cauda equina conus medullaris cervical enlargement

all of the above

The nervous system: a. works with the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis. b.is responsible for perceptions and behaviors. c.initiates voluntary movements. d. communicates with the body via action potentials (nerve impulses).

True

The regeneration tube guides the growth of a new axon from the proximal area across the injured area to the distal area where it replaces the original axon. t/f

between L1 and L2

The spinal cord ends between L1 and L2 at T12 at S5 at L5 between T9 and T10

bipolar neurons

This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body. Multipolar neuron Bipolar neuron Unipolar neuron Purkinje cell Pyramidal cell

False

What is a hyperpolarizing graded potential? During a hyperpolarizing graded potential, the membrane potential is inside less negative than the resting level. t/f

-70 mV

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron? −40 mV −60 mV −70 mV −90 mV

both 1 and 2

What parts of a neuron within a nerve is/are wrapped in a protective endoneurium? 1. Myelinated axon 2. Unmyelinated axon 3. Dendrites Both 1 and 2

nociceptor

What specific type of unipolar neuron detects a sharp pain? tactile epithelial cells (Merkel disc) corpuscle of touch (Meissner corpuscle) lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle nociceptor

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

When a graded potential summates to threshold at the axon hillock, ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. ligand-gated K+ channels open rapidly.

Influx of sodium and efflux of potassium

When the quadriceps muscle extends the lower leg in the patella reflex, what is occurring in the motor neuron to produce an action potential? Influx of sodium and efflux of potassium Influx of sodium and efflux of calcium Influx of potassium and efflux of sodium Influx of both sodium and potassium Efflux of both sodium and potassium

Posterior ramus

Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk? Meningeal branch Rami communicantes Intercostal nerve Posterior ramus Anterior ramus

Enteric nervous system

Which division of the peripheral nervous system only innervates the gastrointestinal tract's wall? Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Enteric nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system

Primary somatosensory area

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for perception of touch, coldness and warmth? Broca's area Primary visual area Common integrative area Prefrontal cortex area Primary somatosensory area

Broca's area

Which functional area of the cerebrum is responsible for the ability to form words? Broca's area Primary visual area Common integrative area Primary olfactory area Primary somatosensory area

d. to generate graded potentials

Which is NOT a function of a neuroglial cell? a.to myelinate axons in peripheral nerves b. to myelinate axons in tracts c.to provide the correct ionic environment for the generation of action impulses d.to generate graded potentials e.to produce cerebrospinal fluid

epineurium

Which layer of protective connective tissue covers a nerve and fuses with the outer menix layer? dura mater pia mater endoneurium perineurium epineurium

****wrong

Which nerve innervates the muscle that abducts the arm at the shoulder and the skin overlying the deltoid? phrenic nerve axillary nerve intercostal nerve ulnar nerve common fibular nerve

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Maintain optimum ionic environment 2. Maintain pH homeostasis 3. Provide circulation for exchange of nutrients/wastes 4. Serve as a shock absorbing fluid system of spinal cord 5. Provide buoyancy of the brain 1, 2, 3 1, 4, 5 1, 3, 5 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Sensory receptor

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors the rectus femoris muscle stretching? Sensory receptor Integrating center Motor neuron Effector Interneuron

Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics? Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain. Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together. The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

multipolar neuron

Which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord?bipolar neuron multipolar neuron unipolar neuron pseudounipolar

B

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte? A B C D

leak channel

Which of these allows more potassium to exit the neuron and helps in maintaining the resting membrane potential? leak channel ligand-gated channel mechanically gated channel voltage-gated channel

Pons

Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group that help control breathing? Medulla oblongata Midbrain Pons Thalamus Cerebellum

subarachnoid space

Which structure listed contains cerebrospinal fluid? epidural space subarachnoid space subdural space foramen magnum posterior median sulcus

gray matter

Which type of central nervous system tissue contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells? Gray matter White matter Nissl bodies Ganglia

Mechanically gated channels

__________ open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors. Leak channels Ligand-gated channels Mechanically gated channels Voltage-gated channels