A&P 1 Final

The ______________ suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone.

squamous

In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the hyperextension phase of the injury?

sternocleidomastoid

The _____________ belongs to the thoracic cage, whereas the _____________ belongs to the pectoral girdle.

sternum; clavicle

To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ___________ into the synaptic cleft.

synaptic knob

Which intervertebral disc is largest?

the one between L4 and L5

Fontanels are ____________ in an infant.

spaces between the unfused cranial bones

Collagen is

elastic

Rib 7 is a

true rib

Arrange the following list of biochemical events in the correct sequence.(1) An action potential is conducted deep into the muscle fiber by the T tubule.(2) Calcium ions bind to troponin.(3) The membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum become more permeable to calcium ions.(4) Calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm around the myofibril.(5) The troponin-tropomyosin complex moves exposing active sites.

1, 3, 4, 2, 5

During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about

5 ATP per second.

Vertebrae are divided into five groups, usually ____________ cervical, ____________ thoracic, _________________ lumbar, ___________ sacral, and ____________ coccygeal.

7; 12; 5; 5; 4

A reason that muscle twitches become progressively stronger in treppe is

Ca2+ accumulates in the sarcoplasm faster than the sarcoplasmic reticulum can reabsorb it.

Which of the following statements is true about the functions of cardiac muscle? Check all that apply.

Cardiac muscle almost always utilizes aerobic respiration to obtain energy. Cardiac muscle secures some if its calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Autorhythmic cells allow the myocytes to contract consistently and regularly, efficiently pumping blood from the chambers. Cardiac muscle secures some if its calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following will result in an increase in muscle twitch strength? Check all that apply.

Increase in stimulus frequency Increase in muscle temperature Increase in pre-twitch muscle length approaching optimal resting length

Which of the following is true regarding the levator scapulae?

It flexes the neck if the scapula is fixed.

Which of the following is a functional requirement of cardiac muscle tissue? Check all that apply.

Muscle fibers must contract without nervous stimulation. Cardiac muscle must be independent of conscious control. Cardiac muscles contract in unison.

Identify the correct statement(s) regarding the development of the skull from infancy through childhood (Check all that apply).

The anterior fontanel can still be palpated 18 to 24 months after birth. The frontal bone and mandible are separate right and left bones at birth. The skull grows more rapidly than the rest of the skeleton during childhood.

There are bones closely associated with the skull, that are not considered part of it. Select the accurate statements regarding these bones (Check all that apply).

The auditory ossicles are named the malleus, incus, and stapes. Forensic pathologists look for a fractured hyoid as evidence of strangulation. The hyoid is one of the few bones that does not articulate with any other. There are (7), three auditory ossicles in each middle-ear cavity and the hyoid bone beneath the chin.

Which of the following best describes the resting membrane potential (RMP)?

The intracellular environment is negatively charged.

Consider the number of bones found in each region of the adult body, including both the left and right sides of the body as well as the phalanges on the hands and feet. Identify the correct statement(s) (Check all that apply).

There are 22 skull bones. There are four bones in the pectoral girdle. There are 56 phalanges.

Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding the development of the skull from infancy through childhood.

The skull reaches about three-quarters its adult size by age 1.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding muscular strength and conditioning? Check all that apply

Weight lifting does not increase the number of muscle fibers in a particular muscle exercised. Blood capillary density will increase in slow-twitch fibers in response to training for a marathon. Long-term resistance training will increase the number of myofibrils in a particular muscle exercised.

Which of the following individuals would have more mitochondria in her skeletal muscle?

a 22-year-old football player

The ______________ does not belong to the femur.

anterior crest

A heavyset middle-aged insurance salesman who doesn't exercise often accepts his friend's invitation to a pickup basketball game. When attempting a jump shot, he falls to the ground in pain, grasping at the calf of his leg. There is an enormous bulge in his leg immediately below the knee, and he is unable to plantar flex that foot. Most likely he has injured his ___ and the bulge is ___.

calcaneal tendon; his triceps surae

Creatine kinase

catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from CP to ADP.

The spinous process has a bifid tip in most _______________ vertebrae.

cervical

In comparison to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle

contracts and relaxes more slowly.

Articular cartilage

covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.

Synovial fluid

decreases friction between bones.

The axis is the only vertebra with a

dens (odontoid process).

Which one of these muscles helps to open the mouth (depress the mandible)?

digastric

There are two of each of the following bones except for the unpaired

ethmoid bone(s).

Tennis elbow is a common term describing injury to which of the following?

extensor carpi radialis longus

Some people suffer involuntary urination because of incompetence of what muscle?

external urethral sphincter

Michael Jordan was arguably the best player in professional basketball history. Scientifically one would expect him to have highly developed

fast-twitch fibers.

Pain in a synovial joint such as the hip can occur because of irritation of the nerves in the

fibrous capsule of the joint.

A butcher who cuts the distal portion of his fingers may cut the

flexor digitorum profundus tendon.

Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which structure?

flexor retinaculum

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

fuels runner in a marathon

What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body?

glenohumeral joint

Which of the following would be caused by contraction of smooth muscle?

goose bumps

If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be

incomplete tetanus.

Which of the following is NOT a known effect of illegal use of anabolic steroids in large dosages?

increased cardiovascular fitness

Which of the following changes have the potential to dramatically affect the potential difference across the plasma membrane?

increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions and increased intracellular concentration of potassium ions

The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the ________ at its inferior margin.

inguinal ligament

The joint capsule

is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.

The fibrous capsule

is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.

Spines of the _____ form a part of the pelvic outlet.

ischium

The medial meniscus is in the

knee

The ligament at the head of the femur is the

ligamentum teres.

Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count and thus increase their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in

longer aerobic respiration.

A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. This is because the soleus muscles

make more use of aerobic respiration.

You cannot palpate the ________________ on a living person.

medial surface of the fibula

The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joint are called

menisci

___________ are not facial bones.

parietal bones

A newborn passes through the __________________ during birth.

pelvic outlet

A skateboarder falls and lands directly on his buttocks and lower back. He does not feel too much pain and so he continues skating. After a couple of days he begins experiencing right hip pain and notices his right foot and leg are rotated to the right. A doctor diagnoses muscle spasm. Which of the following muscles is most likely causing the leg and foot rotation?

piriformis

Drugs called calcium channel blockers may be used to lower blood pressure by causing arteries to vasodilate. These drugs

prevent calcium from entering smooth muscle, thus allowing the muscle to relax.

Costal cartilages connect

ribs with the sternum.

A clinician induces contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus and notices that the foot does not plantar flex as expected. Which of the following would be a logical diagnosis?

ruptured calcaneal tendon

The acromion is a feature of the

scapula

The glenoid cavity of the _______________ articulates with the head of the _____________.

scapula; humerus

Correctly label the following anatomical features of the coxal joint.

see folder

Correctly label the following anatomical parts of osseous tissue.

see folder

Correctly label the following anatomical parts of the glenohumeral joint.

see folder

Correctly label the following muscles of the anterior view.

see folder

Correctly label the following muscles of the posterior view.

see folder

Correctly label the following parts of a muscle fiber and sarcomere.

see folder

Correctly label the muscles of the anterior view.

see folder

Correctly label the posterior muscles of the thigh.

see folder

A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his

shoulder

The glenoid labrum is part of the _____ joint while the acetabular labrum is part of the _____ joint.

shoulder; hip

After childbirth a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. She has difficulty walking due to the pain. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired?

thigh adductors

Which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis?

to inhibit the function of cholinesterase

Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?

transverse abdominal

The muscles that laterally rotate and depress the scapula, as in shrugging and lowering the shoulders, are the

trapezius and serratus anterior.