A&P 1-Swigger (Chapter 7)

How many ribs make up the rib cage? 8 24 12 10

24

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum? 5 7 8 12

7

Name the number of tarsals. 8 5 7 10

7

Axis

: Allows the head to shake "no."

Identify the best description of the mandibular condyle. A depression on the temporal bone A depression on the mandible A projection on the mandible A projection on the temporal bone

A projection on the mandible

Identify the best description of the mandibular fossa. A projection A slight elevation An opening A shallow depression

A shallow depression

Identify the region of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle. Glenoid cavity Coracoid process Acromion process Spine

Acromion process

Which region of the scapula does articulate with another bone? Medial border Lateral border Suprascapular notch Acromion process

Acromion process

Identify the anatomical term for the "heel bone". Achilles Cuneiform Calcaneus Talus

Calcaneus

Identify the common name for the clavicle. Collarbone Rib Shoulder blade Breast bone

Collarbone

Lambdoid suture.

Connects occipital and parietal bones.

Occipitomastoid suture

Connects occipital and temporal bones.

Coronal suture.

Connects parietal and frontal bones.

Sagittal suture.

Connects right and left parietal bones.

Squamosal suture.

Connects temporal and parietal bones.

Identify the process on the scapula that does not articulate with another bone. Glenoid cavity Acromion process Coracoid process Coronoid process

Coracoid process

True or False: The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.

False

True or False: The lumbar vertebrae are part of the appendicular skeleton.

False

True or False: The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column.

False

True or False: The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the anatomical neck.

False

True or False: The pituitary gland is housed in a saddlelike depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica.

False

True or False: The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts the movement of the humerus but does increase the stability of the joint.

False

True or False: The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone.

False

True or false: The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

False

Radius

Forearm bone that articulates with most of the carpals.

Identify the socket of the shoulder joint. Spine Lateral border Coracoid process Glenoid cavity

Glenoid cavity

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra. Head Tuberosity Neck Tubercle

Head

Identify the region of the mandible that forms part of the temporomandibular joint. Mandibular fossa Coronoid process Mandibular notch Mandibular condyle

Mandibular condyle

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the mandible. Mandibular fossa Mandibular condyle Styloid process Mandibular notch

Mandibular fossa

Identify the bones that make up the middle portion of the foot. Tarsals Phalanges Metacarpals Metatarsals

Metatarsals

Which of the following landmarks is found on the posterior surface of the scapula? Glenoid cavity Lateral border Coracoid process Spine

Spine

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. Transverse process Superior articular process Inferior articular process Spinous process

Spinous process

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle medially. Sternum First rib Humerus Scapula

Sternum

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra. Tubercle Neck Shaft Head

Tubercle

The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________. the phalanges a group of eight short bones united by ligaments radial and ulnar styloid processes the metacarpals

a group of eight short bones united by ligaments

Which of the following persons is the least likely to develop "flat feet" as an adult? an Olympic sprinter an Olympic marathon runner a soldier assigned to prolonged guard duty an Olympic weight-lifter

an Olympic sprinter

Which of the following is a bone marking of the humerus? radial tuberosity styloid process deltoid tuberosity radial notch

deltoid tuberosity

Since a Colles' fracture can occur when a falling person attempts to break the fall with outstretched hands, an X ray will typically show that, at the site of the fracture, the hand is displaced in a ____________ direction. lateral medial dorsal ventral

dorsal

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone? sphenoid ethmoid maxilla vomer

ethmoid

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing? femur fibula tibia talus

fibula

When you hit your elbow and say that you hit your "funny bone," you have actually hit a nerve that runs across the bone surface. Over which bone can this nerve be found? pisiform radius humerus ulna

humerus

The __________ is the only bone in the body that does NOT directly articulate with any other bone. hyoid bone temporal bone vomer clavicle

hyoid bone

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue? zygomatic bone mandible palatine hyoid bone

hyoid bone

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissure is formed between the sphenoid and ________. ethmoid palatine maxilla lacrimal

maxilla

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? nasal conchae maxillae vomer zygomatic bones

maxillae

Most facial bones articulate with the __________. mandible maxillary bones nasal bones vomer

maxillary bones

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal? lateral cuneiform cuboid calcaneus medial cuneiform

medial cuneiform

The arch that runs front to back on the inside of the foot is the __________. oblique arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch medial longitudinal arch

medial longitudinal arch

The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the __________. nasal septum lateral walls of the nasal cavity lacrimal fossa orbits

nasal septum

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum? perpendicular plate orbital plate cribriform plate crista galli

perpendicular plate

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to ________. hold the discs in place protect the spinal cord prevent hyperextension of the spine hold the spine erect

prevent hyperextension of the spine

Which of the following is NOT a function of the facial bones of the skull? contain cavities for the senses of sight, taste, and smell provide openings for air and food anchor muscles used to show feelings and expressions protect the brain from trauma

protect the brain from trauma

What is the major function of the axial skeleton? give the body resilience provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement provide central support for the body and protect internal organs provide a space for the major digestive organs

provide central support for the body and protect internal organs

During pregnancy and delivery, a hormone called relaxin is secreted to "relax" (soften) the pelvic ligaments and cervix. What pelvic girdle region would be a good target for this hormone to help open up the anterior pelvis during the birthing process? ischium ilium pubis sacrum

pubis

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek? temporal bone zygomatic bone palatine bone sphenoid bone

zygomatic bone

Which of the following digits contain only 2 phalanges? 2 5 1 3

1

True or False: Lordosis only occurs in pregnant women.

False

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column? 12 7 4 5

5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there in a typical adult skeleton? 4 5 7 12

5

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs? 8 12 5 7

5

True or False: The fibula is the major weight-bearing bone of the leg.

False

Atlas

Allows the head to nod "yes."

The clavicle belongs to which of the following areas? Appendicular skeleton Arm Rib cage Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Axis Atlas Superior articular process Occipital condyles

Atlas

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - atlas Axis - C3 Atlas - axis

Atlas - axis

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? Vertebra prominens Atlas Axis Dens

Axis

True or False: Because of its large bony connection to the thoracic bones, the pectoral girdle is very stable. Is this statement true or false?

False

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra. Vertebral foramen Transverse process Lamina Body

Body

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region? Large size overall Elongated spinous process Blunt spinous process Bulky centrum

Elongated spinous process

Each of the 12 ribs articulates with one vertebrae. Is this statement true or false?

False

True or False: All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina.

False

Sam is an accountant who is especially busy during tax season. By the end of each day he complains of shoulder stiffness and tightness, as well as some upper back pain. What might be Sam's problem, and how could he prevent the discomfort? Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in lordosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper thoracic vertebral curve. Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in lordosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper lumbar vertebral curve. Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in scoliosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain prevent an abnormal lateral curve in his spine. Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in kyphosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper thoracic vertebral curve. Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in kyphosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper lumbar vertebral curve.

Incorrect posture when sitting at a desk can result in kyphosis. Sam needs to practice good posture and/or invest in an ergonomic chair to help him maintain the proper thoracic vertebral curve.

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it. Inferior articular processes Transverse processes Spinous process Superior articular processes

Inferior articular processes

Where is the mandibular fossa located? Inferior surface of the zygomatic process Posterior to the external auditory meatus Inferior to the mastoid process Medial to the styloid process

Inferior surface of the zygomatic process

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? Spinal nerve roots Dura mater Intervertebral discs Spinal cord

Intervertebral discs

Identify the specific process by which the clavicle develops. Osteogenesis Endochondral ossification Intramembranous ossification Primary ossification

Intramembranous ossification

What type of bone is a phalanx? Long Flat Short Irregular

Long

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". Occipital bone - axis Occipital bone - atlas Occipital bone - C2 Atlas - axis

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. Mastoid processes Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Superior articular facets

Occipital condyles

The scapula is the site of origin of a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. Identify this muscle group. Upper arm extensor Upper arm abductor Upper arm flexor Rotator cuff

Rotator cuff

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region? Sacral Thoracic Coccygeal Cervical

Sacral

Identify the bone that articulates with the clavicle laterally. Humerus Scapula Sternum First rib

Scapula

Identify the bone that makes up the pectoral girdle with the clavicle. Scapula Sternum Rib Humerus

Scapula

Identify the tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Navicular Cuboid Talus Calcaneus

Talus

Atlas:

The bone that articulates with the occipital condyles.

Phalanges.

The fingers have three of these bones and the thumb has only two

After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structures probably became infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold? The ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses located the frontal bone, and the right frontal sinus located in the right maxilla The frontal sinuses located in the ethmoid bone, and the right sphenoid sinuses located in the right maxilla The frontal sinus located in the frontal bone, and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla The sphenoidal sinuses located in the sphenoid bone, and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla The ethmoidal sinuses in the ethmoid bone, and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla

The frontal sinus located in the frontal bone, and the right maxillary sinus located in the right maxilla

Coccyx:

The fused rudimentary tailbone.

Which of the following statements is true? The tibia and fibula articulate with the calcaneus at the ankle. The tibia is the lateral bone in the lower leg. The ilium is the most proximal bone in the lower appendicular skeleton. The fibula is the weight-bearing bone in the lower leg.

The ilium is the most proximal bone in the lower appendicular skeleton.

The mandible is unique among the skull bones because of which of the following characteristics? The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not associated with a skull cavity. The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not joined to the other bones of the skull by immobile sutures. The mandible is the only bone of the skull that contains a socketed margin called the alveolar process. The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not paired.

The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not joined to the other bones of the skull by immobile sutures.

How are the male and female pelvises different? The female pelvis has thicker bones with more prominent bone markings. The acetabula are larger and closer together in the female. The pelvic inlet is heart-shaped in the male. The male pelvis is usually wider, shallower, and lighter.

The pelvic inlet is heart-shaped in the male.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? The female pelvis is tilted further forward than the male pelvis. The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male. The pubic arch is broader in the pelvis of a female than in the pelvis of a male. The female pelvis is thinner than that of a male.

The pelvic outlet is narrower in a female than in a male.

Which of the following statements is true? The humerus is the most proximal bone in the upper appendicular skeleton. The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm. The phalanges in the thumb are the most medial bones in the hand. The scapula marks the origin of the appendicular skeleton.

The radius is the lateral bone in the forearm.

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae? There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12. The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs. The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum. The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae.

The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.

Thoracic vertebrae:

These bones have articular facets for the ribs.

Lumbar vertebrae:

These bones have the thickest body (centrum) with short blunt spinous processes.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parietal bones? They form the base of the skull. They form the bulk of the cranial vault. They are paired. The four largest sutures occur where the parietal bones join to other bones.

They form the base of the skull.

Humerus

This bone articulates with the glenoid fossa.

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region? Coccygeal Sacral Thoracic Cervical

Thoracic

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra. Spinous process Lamina Superior articular process Transverse process

Transverse process

True or False: Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.

True

True or False: In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius.

True

True or False: In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance.

True

True or False: Mastoiditis is most likely to result from an infection spreading from the throat.

True

True or False: Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus.

True

True or False: The ischium articulates with both the ilium and the pubis.

True

True or False: The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back.

True

True or False: The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.

True

True or False: The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to ribs that attach to each other before they attach to the sternum.

True

True or False: The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

True

True or False: The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum.

True

True or False: There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

True

True or False:The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.

True

Which vertebra does not have a body? last lumbar last cervical atlas axis

atlas

Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? bones of the pectoral girdles bones of the face bones of the lower limbs bones of the the pelvic girdle

bones of the face

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________. no intervertebral discs transverse foramina no transverse processes costal facets

costal facets

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________. is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves is composed of three bones joined together is the only irregular bone found in the neck is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

Why would the male pelvis exhibit more prominent (pronounced) bone markings than the female pelvis? more dietary calcium larger leg muscles taller physical stature longer gait (stride)

larger leg muscles

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus? calcaneus medial malleolus head lateral malleolus

lateral malleolus

Which of the following is the normal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy? hunchback kyphosis lordosis scoliosis

lordosis

Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions? cervical sacral thoracic lumbar

lumbar

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? lumbar vertebrae; bifid spinous processes lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes cervical vertebrae; rib facets thoracic vertebrae; triangular vertebral foramen thoracic vertebrae; transverse foramen

lumbar vertebrae; short, flat spinous processes

During late pregnancy, women may exhibit temporary lordosis. This is advantageous because temporary lordosis _________. makes it easier for a woman to sit down with less muscular effort makes it easier for a woman to stand up with less muscular effort makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance makes it easier for a woman to give birth while lying on her back

makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance

If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the intervertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _________. reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back gradual growth of a replacement intervertebral disc in the space between the vertebrae increased shock absorbance qualities in the intervertebral discs located immediately above and below the graft in order to compensate for the removal of the herniated disc All of the listed responses are correct.

reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________. sagittal lambdoid squamous coronal

sagittal

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region? kyphosis scoliosis lordosis swayback

scoliosis

Which of the following is correctly matched? lordosis; rupture of the anulus fibrosus kyphosis; accentuated lumbar curvature herniated disc; dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature

scoliosis; abnormal lateral curvature

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones? the true ribs the sternum the clavicle the vertebrae

the clavicle

People who work at computer keyboards all day repeatedly flex their wrists and fingers and therefore become susceptible to carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition in which inflammation of tissue causes tingling and pain. Which one of the following treatments will be least likely to reduce the pain? local injection of an anti-inflammatory medication squeezing tennis balls in both hands in order to strengthen the wrist and finger muscles wearing wrist splints to immobilize the wrists surgery to relieve the pressure on the nerve that transmits the pain signals

squeezing tennis balls in both hands in order to strengthen the wrist and finger muscles

Which of the following is not a movement that can occur between vertebrae? rotation lateral flexion supination flexion and extension

supination

Which of the following is a bony articulation for the scapula? the coracoid process subscapular fossa the suprascapular notch the acromion

the acromion

In order to perceive the sense of smell, signals from odor receptors in the nasal cavity must be sent to the brain through which skull structures? the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone the median palatine suture of the palatine bones the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bones the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone

the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone

Which is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the body? the tibia the os coxae the femur the fibula

the femur

Which of the following bones is NOT part of pectoral girdle? the humerus the coracoid process the scapula the clavicle

the humerus

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? the lumbar region the cervical region the sacral promontory the sacrum

the lumbar region

Which of the following bones does NOT fit with the other listed bones? the maxilla the occipital bone the frontal bone the sphenoid

the maxilla

A fracture of which structure is commonly referred to as "breaking your hip"? the head of the femur the acetabulum the ischium the neck of the femur

the neck of the femur

The lambdoid suture is located between which skull bones? the frontal and parietal bones the temporal and the parietal bones the two parietal bones the parietal and occipital bones

the parietal and occipital bones

Which bone or pair of bones forms the superior portion of the cranium? the temporal bones the occipital bone the parietal bones the frontal bone

the parietal bones

The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones? the scapula and the clavicle the radius and the ulna the humerus and the clavicle the humerus and the radius

the radius and the ulna

The axial skeleton includes ________. the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis the skull, the scapula and the vertebral column the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage arms, legs, hands, and feet

the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? the sphenoid bone the maxilla the nasal bone the zygomatic bone the vomer bone

the sphenoid bone

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit? the temporal bone the maxilla the zygomatic bone the frontal bone

the temporal bone

Which forearm bone(s) contribute(s) most heavily to the elbow joint? the ulna the carpal bones the radius the humerus

the ulna

Which of the following bones do NOT contain a paired paranasal sinus? the ethmoid bones the zygomatic bones the sphenoid bones the frontal bones

the zygomatic bones

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________. only the sternal body is compressed while the other two regions of the sternum are not moved at all during the procedure there is little risk of physically damaging the heart the xiphoid process is allowed to continue protecting the underlying stomach the xiphoid process is permitted to help the lungs inflate with air

there is little risk of physically damaging the heart

A Pott's fracture could result in damage to all of the following except ____________. lateral malleolus fibular notch inferior tibiofibular joint tibial condyle

tibial condyle

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs? to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine to hold together the vertebra and support the body to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column

to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine