A&P 1 test 5
16) The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcosome. D) sarcoplasmic reticulum. E) sarcoplasm.
A
7) The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) epimysium. D) superficial fascia. E) periosteum.
A
15) The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) myofibril. E) myofilament.
B
17) Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere? A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage site for calcium ions D) thin filaments are anchored here E) largely made of myosin molecules
B
18) Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers A) lack a plasma membrane. B) have many nuclei. C) are very small. D) lack mitochondria. E) have large gaps in the cell membrane.
B
8) The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) A) fascicle. B) tendon. C) ligament. D) epimysium. E) myofibril.
B
12) In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band.
B line
11) Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for A) muscle fatigue. B) the conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber. C) muscle contraction. D) muscle relaxation. E) the striped appearance of skeletal muscle.
C
14) Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called A) sarcomeres. B) myofibrils. C) myoblasts. D) fascicles. E) myomeres.
C
19) Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum? A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage and release site for calcium ions D) thin filaments are anchored here E) largely made of myosin molecules
C
9) Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep. 1. muscle fiber 2. perimysium 3. myofibril 4. fascicle 5. endomysium 6. epimysium A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6 B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3 C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2 E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5
C
13) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to A) contract much more forcefully. B) produce more ATP with little oxygen. C) store extra DNA for metabolism. D) produce large amounts of muscle proteins. E) produce nutrients for muscle contraction.
D
20) Which of the following best describes the term Z line? A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage site for calcium ions D) thin filaments are anchored here E) largely made of myosin molecules
D
116) Heat energy gained from muscle contraction is released by the ________ system. A) integumentary B) respiratory C) cardiovascular D) urinary E) endocrine
a
119) Muscles that move the eyeball have ________ fibers. A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) circular E) All of the answers are correct.
a
12) The fulcrum of a lever system is the A) joint. B) muscle. C) bone. D) resistance. E) load.
a
13) When the fulcrum is located between the load and the force, it is called a ________ lever. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) compound
a
14) A(n) ________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement. A) prime mover B) motor-unit C) antagonist D) opposition E) synergist
a
20) The end of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the A) origin. B) aponeurosis. C) insertion. D) tendon. E) lever.
a
25) Muscles including the term capitis would be found within or attached to the A) head. B) neck. C) thorax. D) abdomen. E) groin.
a
3) At each end of the muscle the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, come together to form a A) tendon. B) satellite cell. C) ligament. D) tenosynovium. E) sheath.
a
32) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synaptic vesicle
a
34) Muscles visible at the body surface often called A) externus. B) profundus. C) rectus. D) transversus. E) oblique.
a
37) Which structure has pumps to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm to produce relaxation? A) 6 B) 7 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2
a
42) The temporoparietalis muscle acts to A) move the external ear. B) purse the lips. C) depress the lip. D) draw the corner of the mouth back and up. E) close the eye.
a
5) Nerves and blood vessels that service a muscle fiber are located in the connective tissues of its A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) sarcolemma. D) sarcomere. E) myofibrils.
a
5) ________ muscle fibers pull in different directions, permitting different actions depending on stimulation. A) Convergent B) Parallel C) Straight D) Pennate E) Circular
a
51) The scalenes have their origin on the A) transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae. B) inferior border of the previous rib. C) superior border of the next rib. D) cartilages of the ribs. E) thoracodorsal fascia and iliac crest.
a
53) The structural theory that explains how a muscle fiber contracts is called the ________ theory. A) sliding filament B) excitation-contraction coupling C) neuromuscular D) muscle contraction E) action-myosin interaction
a
55) In the sarcomere which elastic protein attaches the thick filament to the Z line? A) titin B) actin C) G actin D) nebulin E) myosin
a
56) The ________ muscle allows you to look down. A) inferior rectus B) medial rectus C) lateral rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
a
6) A fascicle is a A) group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium. B) layer of connective tissue that separates muscle from skin. C) group of muscle fibers that are all part of the same motor unit. D) group of muscle fibers and motor neurons. E) collection of myofibrils in a muscle fiber.
a
70) Which of the following muscles functions to expel urine or semen in males? A) bulbospongiosus B) superficial transverse perineus C) coccygeus D) levator ani E) anconeus
a
96) The point in a muscle twitch when the troponin is bound to calcium is called the A) contraction phase. B) relaxation phase. C) stimulus phase. D) latent period. E) isotonic period.
a
1) Muscle tissue one of the four basic tissue groups consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for A) conduction. B) contraction. C) peristalsis. D) cushioning. E) secretion.
b
11) Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ________ lever. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) fifth-class
b
117) The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber. A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) anaerobic E) high-density
b
120) Which of the following statements is/are false regarding human muscles? A) Most have both slow and fast fibers. B) Slow fibers are abundant in the muscles of the hand. C) Eye muscles are composed entirely of fast fibers. D) Slow fibers are abundant in the back muscles. E) All of the answers are correct; none of them are true regarding human muscles.
b
16) Muscles that insert on the olecranon process of the ulna can act to A) flex the forearm. B) extend the forearm. C) abduct the forearm. D) adduct the forearm. E) extend the carpals.
b
18) The insertion end of the biceps brachii muscle of the anterior upper arm is A) at the proximal end of the muscle. B) at the distal end of the muscle. C) on the dorsal side of the muscle. D) on the lateral side of the muscle. E) the thumb.
b
22) A muscle that assists another by preventing movement at another joint is called a(n) A) synergist. B) fixator. C) agonist. D) prime mover. E) antagonist.
b
31) Muscles with fibers that run perpendicular to the long axis of the body are called A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) oblique. E) medialis.
b
34) What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? A) release of neurotransmitter B) conduction of the action potential into the cell interior C) activity of acetylcholinesterase D) release of protein and calcium ions into the muscle fiber E) opening of sodium channels and subsequent influx of sodium
b
37) The mentalis muscle inserts on the A) orbicularis oris. B) skin of the chin. C) angle of the mouth. D) hyoid bone. E) skin around the eyelids.
b
38) The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the A) zygomaticus. B) orbicularis oris. C) buccinator. D) levator labii. E) procerus.
b
38) Where are the myosin molecules located? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
b
39) Which structure contains the motor end plate? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 8
b
4) The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the A) tendon. B) epimysium. C) endomysium. D) perimysium. E) fascicle.
b
44) Which of the following describes the action of the digastric muscle? A) elevates the larynx B) elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible C) depresses the larynx D) depresses and retracts the tongue E) elevates the mandible
b
51) Stem cells located between the endomysium and sarcolemma that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue are called A) myocytes. B) satellite cells. C) endocytes. D) sarcocytes. E) creatinocytes.
b
52) The complex of a transverse tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae is known as a A) trimer. B) triad. C) triptych. D) trisome. E) trilogy.
b
55) The levator ani inserts on the A) iliac crest. B) coccyx. C) ischial spine. D) central tendon of the perineum. E) sacrum.
b
56) In the sarcomere the protein that forms two twisted strands around a central rod-like protein is called A) titin. B) actin. C) G actin. D) nebulin. E) myosin.
b
6) Most of the skeletal muscles in the body are ________ muscles. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular
b
7) In a convergent muscle, fascicles converge on a common attachment site that may be a slender band of collagen fibers known as a(n) A) retinaculum. B) raphe. C) aponeurosis. D) orbicularis. E) ligament.
b
75) Which of the following is the insertion of the pectoralis major? A) the vertebral border near the spine B) the greater tubercle of the humerus C) the mastoid region of the skull D) the occipital bone of the skull E) the clavicle and scapula
b
8) Which of the following is not a type of fascicle arrangement? A) parallel B) palmate C) unipennate D) circular E) convergent
b
80) The muscle that raises the corners of the mouth as when smiling is the ________ muscle. A) orbicularis oculi B) zygomaticus major C) orbicularis oris D) masseter E) buccinator
b
81) The action of the masseter muscle is to ________ the mandible. A) depress B) elevate C) abduct D) flex E) open
b
93) A single contraction-relaxation cycle in a muscle fiber produces a(n) A) cramp. B) twitch. C) tetanic contraction. D) action potential. E) motor unit.
b
97) Detachment of myosin cross-bridges occurs during the A) contraction phase. B) relaxation phase. C) stimulus phase. D) latent period. E) isotonic period.
b
10) A(n) ________ can be described as a broad tendinous sheet. A) fasciae B) retinaculum C) aponeurosis D) interstitium E) tympanum
c
10) The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) fifth-class
c
114) Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle mass? A) epinephrine B) thyroid hormone C) testosterone D) parathyroid hormone E) calcitonin
c
115) How would an elevated level of thyroid hormone in the body affect skeletal muscles? A) It would stimulate atrophy. B) It would stimulate hypertrophy. C) It would stimulate energy use and heat production. D) It would decrease heat production by muscle tissue. E) It would cause an increase in muscle mass.
c
121) Large-diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of A) slow fibers. B) intermediate fibers. C) fast fibers. D) red muscles. E) fatty muscles.
c
17) A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is a(n) A) agonist. B) antagonist. C) synergist. D) originator. E) levator.
c
19) The end of a muscle that is attached to the point that moves when the muscle contracts is called the A) origin. B) aponeurosis. C) insertion. D) tendon. E) lever.
c
26) Muscles with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) obliquus. E) medialis.
c
3) The type of muscle whose functional characteristics most closely resemble those of its muscle fibers is the ________ muscle. A) pennate B) circular C) parallel D) convergent E) divergent
c
39) All of the following are innervated by the facial nerve (N VII) except for the ________ muscle. A) risorius B) orbicularis oculi C) levator palpebrae superioris D) mentalis E) temporoparietalis
c
4) In a ________ muscle, the muscle fibers and fascicles lie in a slanted or oblique position to the tendon. A) parallel B) circular C) pennate D) convergent E) divergent
c
40) Identify the structure where ATP is produced. A) 6 B) 7 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2
c
41) Identify the structure(s) where ATP is consumed? A) 3 B) 6 C) 3 and 6 D) 7 E) 3 and 7
c
46) The muscle that elevates the tongue is the A) genioglossus. B) hyoglossus. C) palatoglossus. D) styloglossus. E) digastric.
c
49) The sternocleidomastoid inserts on the A) occipital bone. B) clavicle. C) mastoid process of the temporal bone. D) sternum. E) mandible.
c
50) Thick filaments are made of the protein A) actin. B) titin. C) myosin. D) tropomyosin. E) nebulin.
c
52) Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the sternum? A) internal oblique B) external intercostal C) rectus abdominis D) internal intercostal E) scalene
c
57) In the myofibril the protein that possesses the active site for myosin heads to bind is called A) titin. B) actin. C) G actin. D) nebulin. E) myosin.
c
58) The muscle that originates from the superior surface of the pubis around the symphysis is the A) internal oblique. B) external oblique. C) rectus abdominis. D) transversus abdominis. E) scalene.
c
60) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single A) synaptic knob. B) sarcomere. C) neuromuscular junction. D) synaptic cleft. E) transverse tubule.
c
63) The ________ extends the neck. A) spinalis thoracis B) splenius capitis C) trapezius D) splenius E) splenius cervicis
c
68) Medial rotation of the eyeball is performed by the ________ muscle. A) inferior rectus B) lateral rectus C) medial rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
c
76) Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior? A) adducts the arm B) adducts and flexes the humerus C) protracts the shoulder, abducts and medially rotates the scapula D) medial rotation of the humerus E) lateral rotation of the humerus
c
98) A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a(n) A) end foot. B) end plate. C) motor unit. D) dermatome. E) myotome.
c
112) Aerobic metabolism normally provides ________ percent of the ATP demands of a resting muscle cell. A) 25 B) 50 C) 70 D) 95 E) 100
d
122) Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best adapted for prolonged contraction such as standing all day? A) uninucleated fibers B) striated fibers C) fast fibers D) slow fibers E) intermediate fibers
d
124) The ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called A) elasticity. B) contractility. C) extensibility. D) plasticity. E) variability.
d
15) Which of these phrases most aptly describes "muscle insertion"? A) broad tendon sheet B) connective tissue that surrounds a single muscle fiber C) tendon attachment that doesn't move D) tendon attachment that moves E) connective tissue that surrounds an entire muscle
d
24) A muscle whose name ends in the suffix -glossus would be found within or attached to the A) chin. B) cheek. C) jaw. D) tongue. E) lips.
d
27) Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action except A) levator. B) pronator. C) extensor. D) sartorius. E) adductor.
d
29) Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called A) rectus. B) distalis. C) proximal. D) medialis. E) lateralis.
d
30) Muscles with fibers that run at an angle to the long axis of the body are called A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) oblique. E) medialis.
d
35) Muscles that position or stabilize an organ are called A) externus. B) superficialis. C) intrinsic. D) extrinsic. E) oblique.
d
35) What is released from the structure labeled "9"? A) sarcoplasm B) acetylcholine C) protein D) calcium ions E) acetylcholinesterase
d
41) The temporalis muscle passes through the A) alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible. B) tendinous band around the optic foramen. C) epicranial aponeurosis. D) zygomatic arch. E) fascia surrounding the submandibular salivary gland.
d
58) In the myofibril the thin filament is organized around a rod-like core protein called A) titin. B) actin. C) G actin. D) nebulin. E) myosin.
d
59) In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases A) acetylcholine. B) sodium ions. C) potassium ions. D) calcium ions. E) hydrogen ions.
d
60) Which eye muscle sends its tendon of origin through a pulley or trochlea before inserting on the globe? A) superior rectus B) superior oblique C) lateral rectus D) inferior rectus E) inferior oblique
d
61) The ________ allows you to look up. A) inferior rectus B) medial rectus C) lateral rectus D) superior rectus E) inferior oblique
d
95) During the time when the action potential moves through the sarcolemma a muscle twitch is in A) contraction phase. B) relaxation phase. C) stimulus phase. D) latent period. E) isotonic period.
d
1) Muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are ________ muscles. A) parallel B) convergent C) pennate D) bipennate E) circular
e
100) The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called A) tetany. B) treppe. C) concentric. D) isotonic. E) isometric.
e
118) Fast fibers A) have low resistance to fatigue. B) rely on aerobic metabolism. C) have many mitochondria. D) have twitches with a very brief contraction phase. E) have low resistance to fatigue and quick twitches.
e
2) In a ________ muscle, the fascicles are concentrically arranged around an opening. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular
e
2) Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle? A) produce movement B) maintain posture C) maintain body temperature D) guard body entrances and exits E) All of the answers are correct.
e
21) A type of muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle is called a(n) A) synergist. B) fixator. C) agonist. D) prime mover. E) antagonist.
e
23) The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following except A) the angle of the muscle relative to the long axis of the body. B) the action of the muscle. C) the location of the muscle. D) structural characteristics of the muscle. E) the collagen content of the muscle.
e
28) Muscles visible at the body surface are often called A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) superficialis.
e
33) Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"? A) actin B) myosin C) titin D) tropomyosin E) All of the answers are correct.
e
36) Where would calcium ions be predominately found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 9
e
40) The origin of the frontalis muscle is the A) mandible. B) frontal bone. C) occipital bone. D) epicranial aponeurosis. E) forehead.
e
50) The anterior muscle of facial expression that inserts widely on the periosteum of the mandible is the A) temporalis. B) masseter. C) lateral pterygoideus. D) medial pterygoideus. E) platysma.
e
53) Which of the following muscles compresses the abdomen? A) diaphragm and intercostals B) external oblique and latissimus dorsi C) rectus abdominis and pectoralis major D) transverse abdominis E) external oblique, rectus abdominis, and transverse abdominis
e
54) The region of sarcomere where thin and thick filaments are located is called the A) I band. B) A band. C) Z line. D) M line. E) zone of overlap.
e
54) Which of the following is the origin of the bulbospongiosus in the female? A) ischial spine B) inferior ischial ramus C) linea alba and pubis D) coccyx E) collagen sheath at the base of the clitoris
e
59) The eye muscles include which of the following muscles? A) medial rectus B) inferior rectus C) superior oblique D) inferior oblique E) All of the answers are correct.
e
62) The ________ muscle is the strongest jaw muscle. A) lateral pterygoid B) digastric C) pterygoid D) medial pterygoid E) masseter
e
64) Which of these is true about the muscle named levator palpebrae superioris? A) lifts the scapula B) elevates the eyebrow C) raises the upper eyelid D) originates at the back of the orbit E) originates at the back of the orbit and raises the upper eyelid
e
83) The thick, flat sheet of tendon deep to the scalp is called the A) retinaculum. B) calcaneal tendon. C) linea alba. D) plantar aponeurosis. E) epicranial aponeurosis.
e
84) The muscle that elevates the larynx is the ________ muscle. A) masseter B) buccinator C) platysma D) sternocleidomastoid E) stylohyoid
e
85) The inferior rectus is innervated by which nerve? A) abducens B) trigeminal C) facial D) trochlear E) oculomotor
e
9) A lever consists of A) a tendon and a muscle. B) a rigid structure. C) a fulcrum. D) a bone, a muscle, and a nerve. E) a rigid structure and a fulcrum.
e
94) A muscle produces its highest tension when in complete A) recovery. B) treppe. C) wave summation. D) aerobic metabolism. E) tetanus.
e
99) The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called A) incomplete tetanus. B) complete tetanus. C) treppe. D) wave summation. E) recruitment.
e
