A&P 2 Exam 4 - Chapters 24, 25 & 26

Angiotensin II, aldosterone, and ADH each help to decrease urine output. A. True B. False

A. True

Fluid intake causes blood volume to increase. A. True B. False

A. True

Increases in net filtration pressure result in increases in glomerular filtration rate. A. True B. False

A. True

Mastication is one component of the mechanical digestion of food. A. True B. False

A. True

Most of the fluid in our body is contained within our cells. A. True B. False

A. True

Peritubular capillaries are associated with the convoluted tubules, while vasa recta are associated with the nephron loop. A. True B. False

A. True

The function of the muscularis of the alimentary canal wall is to both propel and mix the contents of the tract. A. True B. False

A. True

Water and glucose are freely filtered through the filtration membrane of a renal corpuscle. A. True B. False

A. True

When comparing two individuals of the same body weight, the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body. A. True B. False

A. True

A bodily pH greater than the normal range is called: A. alkalosis B. acidosis

A. alkalosis

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety, the CO2 concentration in their blood decreases. This causes _____ in blood pH. A. an increase B. a decrease C. no change

A. an increase

Which statement accurately describes the permeability to water of the cell membrane and the capillary wall? A. both the plasma membrane and the capillary wall are permeable to water. B. the plasma membrane is permeable to water, but the capillary wall is not. C. The plasma membrane is not permeable to water, but the capillary wall is. D. neither the plasma membrane or the capillary wall are permeable to water.

A. both the plasma membrane and the capillary wall are permeable to water.

The most visible portion of a tooth is called the: A. crown B. neck C. root D. pulp

A. crown

Dehydration results in: A. increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption B. increased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption C. decreased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption D. decreased ADH secretion and decreased water reabsorption

A. increased ADH secretion and increased water reabsorption

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis includes: A. increasing the rate of ventilation B. decreasing the rate of ventilation C. no change in ventilation rate

A. increasing the rate of ventilation

Aldosterone causes the kidney tubules to: A. reabsorb more sodium and water B. reabsorb more potassium and water C. secrete more water and potassium D. secrete more sodium, water, and potassium E. secrete more sodium and reabsorb more potassium

A. reabsorb more sodium and water

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic) activity _____ release of pancreatic juice. A. stimulates B. inhibits

A. stimulates

Protein digestion starts in the: A. stomach B. mouth C. esophagus D. small intestine

A. stomach

High levels of ADH cause: A. vasoconstriction and therefore increases in blood pressure B. vasoconstriction and therefore decreases in blood pressure C. vasodilation and therefore increases in blood pressure D. vasodilation and therefore decreases in blood pressure

A. vasoconstriction and therefore increases in blood pressure

The "normal" adult oral cavity possesses _____ incisors. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

B. 4

Bile catalyzes the breakdown of triglyceride into a monoglyceride and three fatty acids. A. True B. False

B. False

If the kidneys lost the ability to remove H+ from the blood, the bodily fluid pH would increase. A. True B. False

B. False

If water loss exceeds water gain, a person is said to be in normal hydration status. A. True B. False

B. False

Large proteins and red blood cells normally pass freely through the filtration membrane. A. True B. False

B. False

Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. What are these "acid-producing pumps"? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid? A. Chief cells B. Parietal cells C. mucous neck cells D. surface mucous cells

B. Parietal cells

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to: A. increase urine volume and blood volume B. increase urine volume and decrease blood volume C. decrease urine volume and blood volume D. decrease urine volume and increase blood volume

B. increase urine volume and decrease blood volume

What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine? A. bladder, urethra, kidney, ureter B. kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra C. kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter D. kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra E. urethra, bladder, kidney, ureter

B. kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

The pancreas is located primarily on the _____ side of the body, and it produces an _____ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes. A. left, acidic B. left, alkaline C. right, acidic D. right, alkaline

B. left, alkaline

The primary mechanism of water reabsorption in the kidney is: A. primary active transport by mean of a protein pump B. osmosis through aquaporins C. secondary active transport by means of sodium-water symporter D. bulk transport by means of endocytosis

B. osmosis through aquaporins

The most abundant cation within cells is: A. sodium B. potassium C. calcium D. chloride E. magnesium

B. potassium

Angiotensin II triggers: A. vasoconstriction and increased urine output from the kidneys. B. vasoconstriction and decreased urine output from the kidneys. C. vasodilation and increased urine output from the kidneys. D. vasodilation and decreased urine output from the kidneys.

B. vasoconstriction and decreased urine output from the kidneys.

Gastric mixing changes: A. foodstuffs into bile B. food into chyle C. a bolus into chyme D. chyle into pepsin E. proteins into lipids

C. a bolus into chyme

An enzyme found within saliva is salivary: A. pancreatase B. nuclease C. amylase D. protease E. pepsin

C. amylase

The three processes of urine formation include: A. segmentation, peristalsis, elimination B. deglutition, churning, micturition C. filtration, reabsorption, secretion D. mastication, absorption, secretion

C. filtration, reabsorption, secretion

Villi: A. are found throughout the GI tract B. generate movement of materials in the large intestine C. increase surface area in the small intestine D. contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers

C. increase surface area in the small intestine

Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter: A. mesenteric arteries B. mesenteric veins C. lymphatic capillaries D. the liver

C. lymphatic capillaries

The nephron loop makes a hairpin turn within the _____ and its _____ limb ends at the distal convoluted tubule. A. cortex, ascending B. cortex, descending C. medulla, ascending D. medulla, descending

C. medulla, ascending

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: A. small intestine B. large intestine C. oral cavity D. stomach

C. oral cavity

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by: A. ciliary action in the renal pelvis B. suction from the urinary bladder C. peristalsis of the ureters D. hydrostatic pressure from the small intestine E. contraction of the detrusor muscle

C. peristalsis of the ureters

The renal corpuscle is located within the: A. collecting duct B. renal medulla C. renal cortex D. renal pelvis

C. renal cortex

Most digestion occurs within the _____ and most absorption occurs in the _____. A. stomach, small intestine B. oral cavity, large intestine C. small intestine, small intestine D. stomach, large intestine E. small intestine, large intestine

C. small intestine, small intestine

When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by: A. synthesizing and secreting bicarbonate ions while reabsorbing H+ B. synthesizing and reabsorbing H+ while filtering bicarbonate ions C. synthesizing and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions while secreting H+ D. decreasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of both bicarbonate ions and H+ E. increasing filtration rate and increasing reabsorption of H+

C. synthesizing and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions while secreting H+

Under normal circumstances, most bodily water is lost via: A. sweating B. defecation C. urination D. respiration

C. urination

The purpose of the hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach is to: A. denature dietary proteins B. kill microbes present in the food C. activate a protease made by the stomach D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The thick tangle of capillary loops found with a corpuscle is known as the: A. Bowman B. convoluted capillary bed C. glomerular capsule D. glomerulus E. nephron

D. glomerulus

Cholecystokinin is a(n) _____ released by the _____: A. enzyme, stomach B. enzyme, small intestine C. enzyme, gall bladder D. hormone, small intestine E. hormone, gall bladder

D. hormone, small intestine

Peristalsis: A. is under voluntary control. B. involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters. C. involves back and forth movement for mixing. D. is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.

D. is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.

Which is not a function of the digestive system? A. absorption B. ingestion C. secretion D. micturition E. elimination

D. micturition

What is the correct order for the layers of alimentary canal wall, from next to the lumen to furthest away from the lumen? A. mucosa - submucosa - serosa - muscularis B. Muscularis - mucosa - serosa - submucosa C. serosa - muscosa - submucosa - muscularis D. mucosa - submuscosa - muscularis - serosa

D. mucosa - submuscosa - muscularis - serosa

The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the: A. stomach B. small intestine C. esophagus D. oral cavity E. pharynx

D. oral cavity

Which is not a function of the kidneys? A. regulation of blood pressure B. removal of wastes from the blood C. regulation of erythrocyte production D. regulation of lymphocyte production E. regulation of acid-base balance

D. regulation of lymphocyte production

Which is the correct sequence of arteries that a drop of blood would flow through as it entered the kidney and moved toward the glomerulus? A. segmental - interlobar - interlobular - renal - arcuate B. interlobar - segmental - interlobular - renal - arcuate C. renal - interlobar - segmental - arcuate - interlobular D. renal - segmental - interlobar - arcuate - interlobular

D. renal - segmental - interlobar - arcuate - interlobular

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidneys? A. renal cortex B. renal sinus C. renal pelvis D. renal medulla E. renal papilla

D. renal medulla

The lining of the GI tract that allows for absorption and secretion is: A. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B. non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium C. areolar connective tissue D. simple columnar epithelium E. simple squamous epithelium

D. simple columnar epithelium

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a. capsular space of glomerulus b. nephron loop c. collecting duct d. distal convoluted tubule e. proximal convoluted tubule A. a, c, b, e, d B. e, d, b, a, c C. b, e, c, d, a D. b, d, c, e, a E. a, e, b, d, c

E. a, e, b, d, c

Micturition: A. is another name for urination B. is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder C. requires the opening of two sphincters D. requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder E. all of the choices are correct

E. all of the choices are correct

Which organ is not part of the GI tract? A. esophagus B. large intestine C. stomach D. oral cavity E. liver

E. liver

Which organ is not considered an accessory digestive organ? A. tongue B. teeth C. pancreas D. salivary glands E. pharynx

E. pharynx

Which step(s) in the process of urine formation occur in the renal tubule? A. filtration only B. secretion only C. reabsorption only D. filtration, secretion, and reabsorption E. secretion and reabsorption only

E. secretion and reabsorption only

Digestion of proteins in the small intestine is initiated by the enzyme: A. amylase B. hydrochloric acid C. aminopeptidase D. pepsin E. trypsin

E. trypsin