A&P 3 Lab Kidneys

12. Produces profound diuresis by Inhibiting the N+/K+/2Cl- symporter in ascending loop of Henle leading to ↓ reabsorption of Na+ , K+ & Cl- Thiazides Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Spironolactone Furosemide and/or Torsemide

Furosemide and/or Torsemide

2. Which of the following would occur with hypervolemic hyponatremia? Select one: a. Expansion of the ICF b. Contraction of the ICF c. Expansion of the ECF d. Contraction of the ECF Clear my choice

a. Expansion of the ICF

Which of the following is involved in the autoregulation of glomerular filtration? Select one: a. Juxtaglomerular apparatus b. Angiotensin II c. Sympathetic nervous system d. ADH e. Aldosterone

a. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

6. A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to emphysema indicates ________. Select one: a. Respiratory acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Metabolic alkalosis

a. Respiratory acidosis

9. The mechanism of H+ secretion via the intercalated cells in the cortical collecting duct is: pinocytosis active transport facilitated diffusion symport with Na+ counter transport

active transport

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume? Select one: a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b. Aldosterone c. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) d. Thyroxine

c. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

5. Doug is experiencing severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of bicarbonate-rich secretions. How can this metabolic acidosis be compensated? Select one: a. Hypoventilation b. Enhanced sodium ion loss in urine c. Increased respiratory rate and depth d. Increased renin secretion

c. Increased respiratory rate and depth

11. The osmolarity of filtrate is highest in the? Select one: a. PCT b. Loop of Henle c. Glomerulus d. Glomerular capsule e. DCT

b. Loop of Henle

The mechanism of water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule is: Select one: a. active transport b. regulated by ADH c. regulated by aldosterone d. solvent drag e. none of these

b. regulated by ADH

Which of the following is false regarding the juxtaglomerular apparatus? Select one: a. The macula densa cells are osmoreceptor cells b. The juxtaglomerular cells are mechanoreceptors c. It is an exocrine structure that regulates glomerular blood pressure d. It makes contact with its own afferent and efferent arteriole

c. It is an exocrine structure that regulates glomerular blood pressure

A patient is breathing slowly, and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis? Select one: a. Respiratory acidosis b. Metabolic acidosis c. Metabolic alkalosis d. Respiratory alkalosis

c. Metabolic alkalosis

7. The mechanism of H+ secretion in the PCT is: counter transport active transport symport with Na+ pinocytosis facilitated diffusion

counter transport

3. A non-obese young adult male with a total body weight of 200 lbs would have an ECF of how many pounds? Select one: a. 30 b. 32 c. 36 d. 40 e. 60 f. 80

d. 40 (20/100x200=40) ECF is 20% of body weight

4. Which of the following is a true statement? Select one: a. Adipose tissue is one of the most hydrated of all tissues in the human body. b. The most abundant cation in intracellular fluid is sodium. c. Solutes, regardless of size, are able to move freely between compartments because water carries them along the osmotic gradients. d. Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.

d. Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.

1. Which of the following is NOT a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin? Select one: a. Increased sympathetic stimulation of JG Beta 1 receptors b. Decreased filtrate NaCl concentration in the DCT c. Decreased stretch of granular (juxtaglomerular) cells d. Expansion of the intravascular plasma volume

d. Expansion of the intravascular plasma volume

8. Which of the following would most likely be a result of emphysema or narcotic overdose. Select one: a. Respiratory alkalosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory acidosis

d. Respiratory acidosis

Which of the following would most likely be a result of emphysema or narcotic overdose. Select one: a. Respiratory alkalosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory acidosis

d. Respiratory acidosis

5. The mechanism of amino acid reabsorption across the apical surface of the tubule cell in the PCT pinocytosis regulated by aldosterone counter transport facilitated diffusion active transport symport with Na+

symport with Na+

8. Which of the following statements is true concerning Na+ reabsorption in the PCT? they are all true there can be co-transport of glucose H2O follows via osmosis both b and c are true anions, such as Cl-, may follow by passive diffusion

they are all true

4. If an individual had hypoalbuminemia, as a result of cirrhosis of the liver, which of the following would occur Increase in net filtration pressure and decrease in glomerular filtration rate Decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and decrease in net filtration pressure Drop in the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus Increase in the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus Drop in the oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) in the glomerulus

Drop in the oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) in the glomerulus

Which of the following are not signs of hypovolemic isonatremia? Decreased blood pressure and weight loss Postural hypotension and tachycardia Oliguria and elevated body temperatures Dyspnea and decreased Hct

Dyspnea and decreased Hct

3. Edna, age 82, fell and broke the neck of her femur. It was 2 days before she was discovered down. What state is she most likely in? Hypotonic (hyponatremic) hypervolemia Isotonic hypovolemia Isotonic hypervolemia Hypertonic (hypernatremic) hypovolemia

Hypertonic (hypernatremic) hypovolemia

5. Which of the following could lead to hyperactive reflexes? Hypercalcemia and Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia and Hypermagnesemia Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia Hypermagnesemia and Hypokalemia

Hypocalcemia and Hypomagnesemia

2. An individual goes for a 10 mile jog on a hot day. When finished with their run they drink 1 liter of free water to replenish the water lost though perspiration and breathing What state are they likely to be in after replenishing their body water? Hypotonic (hyponatremic) hypervolemia isotonic (isonatremic) isovolemia Hypotonic (hyponatremic) isovolemia Isotonic hypervolemia

Hypotonic (hyponatremic) isovolemia

2. The third layer of the filtration membrane is the: Fenestrated endothelium Parietal layer of podocytes Interlocking pedicels of podocytes Basement membrane

Interlocking pedicels of podocytes

7. Examine the following and determine the acid-base state Patent history: 52 yr.; diabetic; does not carefully regulate blood glucose levels pCO2 : 42 HCO3- : 17 pH: 7.23 Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

3. Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure Pulls fluid from the glomerular capsular space into the glomerulus Pulls fluid from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsular space Pushes fluid from the glomerular capsular space into the glomerulus Pushes fluid from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsular space

Pushes fluid from the glomerular capsular space into the glomerulus

1. Janet is a new mom. Her baby wakes up at 2 am to feed. Janet is too tired to nurse and instead gives the baby a bottle of free water then goes back to bed. (note: free water is pure water) What is your concern? There will be hemoconcentration of the babies serum (ECF) electrolytes and result in cellular swelling (water moves from ECF to ICF) There will be hemoconcentration of the babies serum (ECF) electrolytes and result in cellular shrinking (water pulled from the ICF) There will be hemodilution of the babies serum (ECF) electrolytes and result in cellular swelling (water moves from ECF to ICF) There will be hemodilution of the babies serum (ECF) electrolytes and result in cellular shrinking (water moves from ICF to ECF)

There will be hemodilution of the babies serum (ECF) electrolytes and result in cellular swelling (water moves from ECF to ICF)

9. Which of the following is a false statement? Select one: a. Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of sodium while enhancing potassium secretion. b. When aldosterone release is inhibited, sodium reabsorption cannot occur beyond the distal convoluted tubule. c. Excessive loss of water from the extracellular fluid (ECF) leads to a rise in osmotic pressure in the ECF which causes cells to shrink as water leaves by osmosis. d. Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, can produce hyponatremia e. The bicarbonate buffer system acts to tie up H+ ions released by a strong acid, thus converting it to a weaker acid.

d. Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, can produce hyponatremia??

7. Which of the following is a false statement? Select one: a. Aldosterone regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid. b. Hyponatremia is a condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells. c. The concentration of protein anions is higher in intracellular fluid than in interstitial fluid. d. When antidiuretic hormone levels are low, a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted. e. Antidiuretic hormone is released when blood becomes hypertonic.

d. When antidiuretic hormone levels are low, a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted.

Which of the following is a false statement? Select one: a. Aldosterone regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid. b. Hyponatremia is a condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells. c. The concentration of protein anions is higher in intracellular fluid than in interstitial fluid. d. When antidiuretic hormone levels are low, a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted. e. Antidiuretic hormone is released when blood becomes hypertonic.

d. When antidiuretic hormone levels are low, a small volume of concentrated urine is excreted.

If under resting normal conditions urine was formed at a rate of 1.8 L per day what would the approximate glomerular filtration rate equal? Select one: a. 18L b. 27 L c. 72 L d. 90 L e. 180 L

e. 180 L

6. The mechanism of glucose reabsorption from the tubule cell interior, across the basolateral membrane and back into the peritubular capillaries is: symport with Na+ facilitated diffusion active transport pinocytosis counter transport

facilitated diffusion!

10. The mechanism of water reabsorption in the descending loop of Henle is: solvent drag regulated by ADH active transport osmosis regulated by aldosterone

osmosis

6. Hypercalcemia: lowers resting membrane potential raises threshold raises resting membrane potential lowers threshold

raises threshold

11. The mechanism of water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule is: active transport regulated by aldosterone none of these regulated by ADH solvent drag

regulated by ADH

8. Examine the following and determine acid-base state Patent history: 65 yr.; Myasthena Gravis pCO2 : 51 HCO3- : 30 pH: 7.39 respiratory acidosis with complete compensation metabolic acidosis with partial compensation respiratory alkalosis with partial compensation metabolic alkalosis partial compensation

respiratory acidosis with complete compensation

1. The addition of additional wastes to filtrate, via secretion, occurs as: substances move across the apical surface of tubule cells and enter the tubule lumen substance move across the apical surface of tubule cells and enter the glomerulus substances move across the apical surface of tubule cells and enter the peritubular capillaries substance move across the filtration membrane of the glomerulus and enter the tubule lumen

substances move across the apical surface of tubule cells and enter the tubule lumen