A&P Ch. 1

Anatomy comes from the greek word meaning ____________.

"cutting up"

Physiology comes from the greek work meaning ___________.

"relationship to nature"

What is the branch of science that deals with the morphology of body parts?

anatomy

The human body is divided into _________ portion which includes the head, neck, torso and the __________ portion which includes the limbs.

axial; appendicular

Any structures that are located on both sides of the body are _______ to each other.

bilateral

The kidneys are ____________.

bilateral

The pleura cavities are _________.

bilateral

What organ system would include the heart and blood vessel?

cardiovascular system

movement of substances in the body fluids

circulation

The chemicals from the food are transported through the blood to the cells of the body in a transport process called ___________. The cells will use these chemicals, along with oxygen, to gain energy in a process known as ____________.

circulation; respiration

Structures on the opposite side of the body are __________ to each other.

contralateral

The left leg is ___________ to the right.

contralateral

visceral pleura

cover the lungs

visceral peritoneum

covers the abdominal organs

visceral pericardium

covers the heart

Label the various body cavities in this lateral view.

cranial; vertebral; thoracic; diaphragm; abdominal; pelvic

Sometimes, a cylindrical organ such as a long bone is sectioned. In this case, a cut across the structure is called _____________; an angular cut is an ___________; and a lengthwise cut is a ______________.

cross section; oblique section; longitudinal section

If body temperature increased 98.6F to 105F, the homeostatic response would try to ___________ temperature.

decrease

When maintaining a stable internal environment, if blood pressure increased from 120 mmHg to 130 mmHg, the homeostatic response would be to __________ blood pressure.

decrease

The _________ separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

diaphragm

It's __________ to separate the topics of anatomy and physiology because the anatomy of structures make possible their functions.

difficult

The human body gains energy by ingesting food, via the mouth. Food is then broken down into basic chemicals through the process of _________ and is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine.

digestion

In order for an organism to live, it must gain energy through the process of _________ (process of breaking down) and __________ (process of releasing chemical energy).

digestion; respiration

The axial portion contains 2 major cavities; the ________ cavity which is completely encased in bone, and the _______ cavity which is closer to the from of the body.

dorsal; ventral

The energy (from food) can be used to grow, build, and/or move. Not all substances taken into the body are used. The body can get rid of unabsorbed materials and waste produced by metabolic reactions in a process called __________.

excretion

The energy cane used to fuel the processes of ___________ (increase in body size) or ___________ (change in position.

growth; movement

If oxygen levels in the blood decreased from 95 mmHg to 75 mmHg, the homeostatic response would be to __________ breathing.

increase

If the heart rate decreased from 75 bpm to 40 bpm, the homeostatic response would be to ___________ the heart rate.

increase

Structures on the same side of the body are considered _________ to each other.

ipsilateral

The right arm is ___________ to the right.

ipsilateral

parietal peritoneum

lines the abdominal cavity

parietal pericardium

lines the pericardial cavity

parietal pleura

lines the thoracic cavity

Label the planes used to cut the body into the sections shown.

median(midsagittal); parasagittal; transverse; frontal (coronal)

The sum of all the chemical reactions is called ____________. It can be described as nutrient cycling.

metabolism

What is the term for the combination of chemical reactions in cells that use or release energy?

metabolism

All the chemical reactions that occur inside a cell are called _________. These chemical reactions obtain, release, and use ________.

metabolism; energy

Change in body position

movement

What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body?

nervous system

In each of these cases, when a stimulus caused a change in one direction, the homeostatic response caused a change in the ___________ direction to help maintain a stable internal environment. This homeostatic regulation is called _________ feedback.

opposite; negative

obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

respiration

reaction to a change inside the body

responsiveness

Anatomy is the study of ___________ while physiology is the study of __________.

structures; functions

The ventral cavity is further divided into the ________ cavity which contains the heart and lungs, and the ____________ cavity which contains the stomach, bladder, and intestines.

thoracic; abdominopelvic