A&P Ch. 4 Cytology Pre-labs & Recalls

Tonicity

-Comparative measure of the osmotic pressure of two solutions -The ability of one solution to cause water movement by osmosis from another solution

Golgi Apparatus (or complex)

-Modifies and packages proteins for export or use in the cell -Group of membrane-bounded sacs

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

-Series of membranes -Site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism -Drug and toxin detoxification

Which of the following factors influence the rate at which diffusion takes place?

-Size of the particles -Temperature -Steepness of the concentration gradient

Which statement most accurately describes nucleus?

Biosynthetic center of the cell

Plasma Membrane

Boundary between the cell and the external environment; regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell; composed of a phospholipid bilayer and many other components

Centrosome

Central area of the cell containing centrioles

Which statement most accurately describes plasma membrane?

Composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Peroxisome

Contain enzymes that detoxify chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide

Which statement most accurately describes lysosome?

Contain(s) digestive enzymes

Cell Cycle

Continual process of growth and replication of cells

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; contains the cell's DNA

Which statement most accurately describes microtubule?

Cytoskeletal filament found in cilia and flagella

Which statement most accurately describes ribosomes?

Granular organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis

Cilia

Hairlike extensions from the plasma membrane that propel substances past the cell

In diffusion, a solute moves from a _______ concentration to a _______ concentration.

Higher, Lower

Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?

Interphase

How do isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions differ?

Isotonic solutions have the same concentrations. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration than the cytosol; a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration than the cytosol.

Which of the following is not a basic component of most cells? -Microvilli -Plasma membrane -Nucleus -Cytoplasm

Microvilli

Diffusion is a(n) ___________ process.

Passive

Interphase

Portion of the cell cycle during which growth is initiated and DNA is replicated

Mitosis

Portion of the cell cycle during which the cell divides its organelles, cytosol, and replicated DNA among two identical daughter cells

Which statement most accurately describes mitochondria?

Produce(s) the bulk of the cell's ATP

Cytoplasm

Region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that contains the cytosol and organelles

Which statement most accurately describes smooth ER?

Series of membrane-enclosed sacs that detoxify substances and synthesize lipids

Which statement most accurately describes rough ER?

Series of membrane-enclosed sacs with ribosomes on the surface

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Series of membranes; modifies proteins made by the ribosomes

Flagella

Single extension from a cell that propels the cell itself

Mitochondrion

Site of most of the cell's ATP production

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Vesicle

Small, membrane-bounded structure that buds off from the plasma membrane or another membrane-bounded structure

Osmosis is the movement of _________ from a solution with a _________ solute concentration to a solution with a _________ solute concentration.

Solvent, Low, High

Which statement most accurately describes Golgi apparatus?

Stack of flattened sacs that modify and sort proteins

Which statement most accurately describes nucleolus?

The cell's "ribosome factory"

Diffusion

The movement of solute from a high concentration to a low concentration

Osmosis

The movement of solvent from a solution with a lower solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

What is the function of the mitotic spindle and spindle fibers during mitosis?

They attach to the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

Lysosome

Vesicular organelle that contains digestive enzymes that break down different substances within the cell