A&P chap 26 quiz- digestive system

Match each macromolecule below with the monomer(s) to which it is broken down by chemical digestion. 1. Proteins 2. Nucleic acids 3. Fats 4. Carbohydrates

1. Amino acids 2. nucleotides 3. monoglycerides and fatty acids 4. monosaccharides

Place the following proteolytic enzymes in order of their processing of proteins in digestion. Trypsin is formed Trypsinogen, chymotypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase released from pancreas Enteropeptidase released from lumenal epithelium of small intestine Chymotrypsin is formed

1. Trypsinogen, chymotypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidase released from pancreas 2.Enteropeptidase released from lumenal epithelium of small intestine 3.Trypsin is formed 4.Chymotrypsin is formed

Normal bacterial flora in the large intestine are responsible for the production of vitamins B and

K

Match the region of the small intestine with one of its functions. Performs most chemical digestion and absorption Receives bile and pancreatic juice Controls entry of material into large intestine

a. jejunum b. duodenum c. ileum

Salivary __________ breaks the chemical bond between two glucose molecules; it breaks down the long polysaccharide starch molecule into smaller and smaller pieces until only glucose results.

amylase

Once inside epithelial cells, fatty acids are reattached to monoglycerides reforming triglycerides; triglycerides are then wrapped with other proteins by the Golgi to form ____________ that enter the lymphatic system.

chylomicrons

The esophagus is about 25 meters long. true or false

false

The liver stores, concentrates, and releases bile into the duodenum. true or false

false While the liver creates the bile, it is stored and concentrated within the gallbladder

true or false The esophagus lies anterior to the trachea

false the esophagus lies posterior to the trachea

true or false 1. The esophagus extends from the nasopharynx to the stomach.

false - the esophagus starts inferiorly to the larynx

The enzyme pepsin is formed from pepsinogen through the action of

hydrochloric acid - HCL

organs within the abdomen that are completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum are called ____________

intraperitoneal including the stomach, most of the small intestine , and parts of the large intestine

The _________ is a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions that produces the majority of the digestive enzymes.

pancreas

The accessory organs of the lower GI tract include the liver, gallbladder, and

pancreas there are all not part of the GI tract / aka / alimentary canal

Select all that are major functions of the muscularis layer of the GI tract. Peristalsis Secretion Mixing Absorption

peristalsis and mixing only to mix and propel the contents of the GI tract - the contractions of the circular layer constrict the lumen of the tube, while the contractions of the longitudinal layer shorten the tube. .. creating the peristalsis and mixing motions - peristalsis - alternating contractions sequence of both the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers for the purpose of propelling ingested materials through the GI tract - mixing - back and forward , or kneading motion that occurs at any point in time within diff regions but lacks directional movement - with purpose of blending ingested materials with the secretions of the GI tract

Which of the following regions of the large intestine is a muscular tube that expands to store accumulated material prior to defecation, and terminates at the anal canal? Transverse colon Cecum Ileum Rectum

rectum

mesentery -

refers to the double layer of peritoneum that supports, suspends and stabilizes the intraperitoneal GI tract organs

retroperitoneal

retroperitoneal organs typically lie directly agasint the posterior abdominal wall, so their anterolateral portions are covered with peritoneum -including the duodenum , pancreas, ascending and descending color and the rectum

Which of the following structures are anatomically part of each tooth? Check all that apply. Root Gingivae Pulp Enamel

root , pulp, enamel

Label the structures of the liver. posterior inferior view ( flipped upside down , backside )

round ligament extends from the bottom if looking from the anterior view, it hangs from the bottom of the falciform ligament on the front of the liver

Which of these is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract as opposed to an accessory organ? Pancreas Stomach Liver Salivary glands

stomach

All enzymes that digest protein are released as inactive enzymes and must be activated because the enzymes would destroy the proteins within the cells that produce them. true or false

true

true or false The esophagus contains numerous mucous glands that produce a thick, lubricating mucus that coats the inner surface of the esophagus.

true

true or false The muscularis of the esophagus is different from other parts of the digestive tract because the superior part of the esophagus consists of skeletal muscle.

true

true or false The esophagus contains both an upper and a lower esophageal sphincter that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the esophagus.

true the upper 2/3 has skeletal muscle while the lower 1/3 and further on through the alimentary canal has smooth muscle

regions of the large intestine

vermiform appendix - hangs from the cecum

What are the serous membranes of the GI tract called? Check all that apply. Retroperitoneal Visceral peritoneum Parietal peritoneum Peristalsis

visceral peritoneum - parietal peritoneum - outer layer of the peritoneum - visceral peritoneum , the inner layer of the peritoneum - there is a space in-between the two with serous fluid called the peritoneal cavity

Parietal cells of the gastric glands in the stomach produce

HCL and release intrinsic factor parietal cells - secrete hydrogen and chloride ions , + intrinsic factor to help with absorption of b12 chief cells - secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase G cells - (enteroendocrine cells ) - release gastrin for gastrin motility also the only endocrine cells of the stomach