A&P Chapter 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves (Part 2)
130) The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal.
D
135) Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? A) hearing B) equilibrium C) atmospheric pressure D) hearing and equilibrium E) hearing, equilibrium, and taste
D
109) The highest levels of information processing occur in the A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medulla oblongata. E) corpus callosum.
A
118) Excitation of neurons in the basal nuclei would lead to A) increased muscle tone. B) loss of consciousness. C) inability to sense pain. D) sexual arousal. E) involuntary speech production.
A
121) ________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read. A) Aphasia B) Ataxia C) Apraxia D) Bell's palsy E) Dysphagia
A
124) The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is A) olfaction. B) gustation. C) hearing. D) vision. E) dizziness.
A
133) A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. A) corneal B) tympanic C) auditory D) vestibulo-ocular E) consensual
A
138) You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to A) smell his food. B) smile. C) blink his eyes. D) nod his head. E) hear your voice.
A
140) At the optic chiasm, A) axons from the medial halves of each retina cross. B) axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. C) axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. D) the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain. E) the optic nerve enters the cerebellum.
A
143) The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the A) vagus nerve. B) pineal gland. C) abducens nerve. D) trigeminal nerve. E) amygdala.
A
51) If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? A) breathing B) control of blood pressure C) coordination D) sleep patterns E) judgment
A. Breathing
57) Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in A) increased consciousness. B) sleep. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) coughing.
A. Increased consciousness
86) Damage to the substantia nigra causes a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine. This causes a gradual, generalized increase in muscle tone, which is the main symptom of A) Parkinson's disease. B) rabies. C) Alzheimer's disease. D) myasthenia gravis. E) tetanus.
A. Parkinson's disease
105) Difficulties in estimating temporal relationships between events may stem from damage to A) the prefrontal cortex. B) the general interpretive area. C) Broca's area. D) Wernicke's area. E) the temporal lobe.
A. The prefrontal cortex
68) The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because A) it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. B) it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. C) it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. D) its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. E) None of the answers is correct.
A. it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it
59) The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the A) midbrain. B) cerebral aqueduct. C) 4th ventricle. D) basal ganglion. E) cerebellum.
A. midbrain
100) The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the A) prefrontal cerebral cortex. B) occipital association cortex. C) reticular formation. D) temporal lobe. E) cerebral ganglia.
A. prefrontal cerebral cortex
113) ________ centers receive information from many association areas and direct extremely complex motor activities such as speech. A) Frontal B) Integrative C) Communication D) Terminal E) Vocal
B
116) Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his A) vestibulocochlear nerve. B) general interpretive area. C) speech center. D) prefrontal lobe. E) temporal lobe.
B
122) The basal nuclei A) plan and coordinate voluntary muscle activity. B) provide the general pattern and rhythm for movements such as walking. C) coordinate sensory information. D) control the secretions of the pituitary gland. E) control respiration and blood pressure.
B
126) ________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve. A) Cerebral palsy B) Bell's palsy C) Addison's disease D) Gout E) Hydrocephalus
B
128) Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens
B
129) The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are A) I, II, and III. B) III, IV, and VI. C) II, III, and IV. D) II and VI. E) III and V.
B
136) Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb? A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal
B
141) A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? A) glossopharyngeal B) hypoglossal C) vagus D) spinal accessory E) trigeminal
B
102) After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe. A) right frontal B) left frontal C) right temporal D) left temporal E) occipital
B. Left frontal
78) The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medulla oblongata E) cerebellum
B. Thalamus
49) Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because A) electrical activity originates within the medulla. B) the vital centers for blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are located there. C) the blood might not be able to circulated properly around the brain. D) control of body temperature and thermoregulation are its functions. E) digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.
B. The vital centers for blood pressure, Heart rate, and breathing are located there
66) The pineal gland is part of the A) hypothalamus. B) diencephalon. C) midbrain. D) mesencephalon. E) 3rd ventricle.
B. diencephalon
70) Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? A) contains the mammillary body B) forms the roof of the diencephalon C) processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum D) forms the cerebrum E) creates the lateral ventricles
B. forms the roof of the diencephalon
82) Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? A) contains cerebral and diencephalic components B) functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather C) located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon D) links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem E) functions in emotions, learning, and memory
B. functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather
108) Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? A) Broca's area B) Brodmann area C) prefrontal cortex D) Wernicke's area E) general interpretive area
C
112) Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to A) speak. B) move her left arm. C) verbally identify an object placed in her left hand. D) recognize written words. E) touch her nose with her eyes closed.
C
127) There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 22 E) 31
C
131) Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve. A) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal B) maxillary branch of the trigeminal C) mandibular branch of the trigeminal D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal
C
134) Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? A) VIII B) IX C) X D) XI E) XII
C
142) Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve? A) loss of the sense of taste B) tooth pain C) weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle D) lack of facial expression E) dry mouth from lack of saliva
C
117) Damage to the premotor cortex of the frontal lobe would interfere with the ability to A) understand written words. B) understand spoken words. C) understand visual images. D) play the piano. E) sense the texture of velvet.
D
99) Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing
C. Association
52) Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla oblongata.
C. Cerebellum
48) The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the A) pons. B) cerebrum. C) medulla oblongata. D) cerebellum. E) midbrain.
C. Medulla oblongata
98) The auditory cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
C. Temporal lobe
85) Terry suffers from dissociation of memories from their emotional content as the result of an automobile accident. What system of the brain is probably damaged? A) the prefrontal lobe B) the general interpretive area C) the limbic system D) the thalamus E) the putamen
C. The Limbic system
101) Parkinson's disease is the result of A) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. B) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. C) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. D) hyperactivity of the limbic system. E) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.
C. inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons
75) Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? A) secrete cerebrospinal fluid B) secrete melatonin C) process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum D) store memories E) regulate food intake
C. process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum
111) A person with a damaged visual association area may be A) unable to see rows of letters. B) declared legally blind. C) unable to recognize letters but able to identify whole words and their meanings. D) able to see letters but unable to associate them into words. E) unable to understand spoken words.
D
115) What symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with damage to the basal nuclei (ganglia)? A) inability to process thoughts in a rational way B) visual problems C) facial tics D) problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles E) anger problems
D
46) The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medulla oblongata. E) heart.
D. Medulla Oblongata
97) The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula.
D. Occipital lobe
94) The corpus callosum is composed of A) arcuate fibers. B) longitudinal fasciculi. C) association fibers. D) commissural fibers. E) projection fibers.
D. commissural fibers
76) The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it A) controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. B) determines what can enter the brain from the blood. C) controls reflexes. D) determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. E) passes motor information on to the cerebellum.
D. determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area
83) The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. A) amygdaloid body B) cingulate gyrus C) mamillary bodies D) hippocampus E) fornix
D. hippocampus
80) Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? A) prefrontal cortex B) postcentral gyrus C) basal nuclei D) hypothalamus E) reticular formation
D. hypothalamus
96) Commissural fibers A) carry pain information to the correct brain structure. B) are divided by the longitudinal fissure. C) link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon. D) interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. E) cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere.
D. interconnect areas of cerebral cortex
110) If the corpus callosum is surgically cut, A) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently. B) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear. C) objects touched by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified. D) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
114) Integrative centers concerned with the performance of complex processes are restricted to either the left or the right hemisphere. These complex processes include A) speech. B) writing. C) mathematical computation. D) understanding spatial relationships. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
123) Higher-order functions A) can be adjusted over time based on experience. B) involve complex interactions among areas of the cortex. C) combine both conscious and unconscious information processing. D) occur in the cerebrum. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
125) Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of A) cranial nerve I. B) cranial nerve II. C) cranial nerve X. D) cranial nerve IV. E) cranial nerve IX.
E
132) Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? A) vagus B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) hypoglossal E) glossopharyngeal and vagus
E
137) Tic douloureux is A) a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V. B) characterized by almost totally debilitating pain. C) triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums. D) also called trigeminal neuralgia. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
107) Integrative centers of the brain A) receive information from many sensory association areas. B) can impact higher intellectual functions. C) direct motor activities. D) include the Wernicke's area. E) All of the answers are correct.
E. All of the answers are correct
69) Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? A) produces ADH B) controls autonomic centers C) regulates body temperature D) secretes oxytocin E) All of the answers are correct.
E. All of the answers are correct
47) The medulla oblongata regulates A) somatic motor contractions. B) food intake. C) auditory reflexes. D) vision and hearing E) blood pressure and respiration.
E. Blood pressure and respiration
103) After suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the A) prefrontal cortex. B) postcentral gyrus. C) cerebral nuclei. D) limbic system. E) occipital lobe.
E. Occipital lobe
50) Jane, a 79-year-old woman, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain. She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face, like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste. In addition, she has some hearing loss and balance problems. The location of the tumor is likely to be the A) cerebellum. B) cerebrum. C) medulla. D) thalamus. E) pons.
E. Pons