A&P chapter 19

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) for a patient whose systolic blood pressure is 120 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure is 70 mm Hg. A) 50 mm Hg B) 87 mm Hg C) 95 mm Hg D) 120 mm Hg

B) 87 mm Hg

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. A) proteins in the blood B) blood pressure

B) blood pressure

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)? A) increased PNS and SNS activity B) increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity C) decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity

B) increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

_______________: the force of the blood against the vessel wall. _______________: the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other. _______________: the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels. _______________: the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute.

Blood pressure: the force of the blood against the vessel wall. Blood viscosity: the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other. Total peripheral resistance: the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels. Cardiac output: the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that angiotensin II increases arterial blood pressure? A) Angiotensin II triggers the sensation of thirst. B) Angiotensin II prompts the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). C) Angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. D) Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases peripheral resistance.

D) Angiotensin II promotes vasodilation that decreases peripheral resistance.

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? A) an increase in heart contractility B) a decrease in heart rate C) vasodilation of arterioles D) a decrease in cardiac output

A) an increase in heart contractility

What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure? A) arterioles B) venules C) arteries D) capillaries

A) arterioles

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________. A) blood vessel diameter B) blood volume C) cardiac output D) blood viscosity

A) blood vessel diameter

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. A) capillary; interstitial fluid B) interstitial fluid; capillary

A) capillary; interstitial fluid

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located? A) carotid sinus and aortic arch B) cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata C) The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

A) carotid sinus and aortic arch

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? A) decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system B) decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system C) increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system D) increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

A) decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. A) proteins in the blood B) blood pressure

A) proteins in the blood

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? A) venous B) arterial

A) venous

Which of these responses is NOT a response consistent with a drop in mean arterial pressure? A) release of renin from the kidneys B) increased filtration by the kidneys C) increased thirst D) secretion of aldosterone

B) increased filtration by the kidneys

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? A) net hydrostatic pressure B) net osmotic pressure

B) net osmotic pressure

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance? A) 10% change in cardiac output B) 10% change in blood viscosity C) 10% change in vessel diameter D) 10% change in vessel length

C) 10% change in vessel diameter

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? A) 1 mm Hg B) 12 mm Hg C) 34 mm Hg

C) 34 mm Hg

Which of the following would be interrupted in the indirect renal mechanism if angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is blocked from performing its job? A) release of renin from the kidneys B) conversion of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen C) sympathetic nervous system activity D) conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

D) conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II

During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170% to meet the body's increased demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise? A) Blood vessels shorten in the contracting skeletal muscles. B) Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle. C) Hematocrit decreases as more interstitial fluid enters the blood vessels. D) Blood volume decreases due to sweating.

B) Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? A) a decrease in cardiac output B) an increase in heart rate and contractility C) a decrease in blood pressure D) vasodilation of arteries

B) an increase in heart rate and contractility

What vessels sustain a drop in pressure from approximately 35 mm Hg to around 17 mm Hg? A) elastic arteries B) capillaries C) arterioles D) veins

B) capillaries

The following physiological changes either increase or decrease blood pressure. Drag the appropriate factors to the respective bins. Increase blood vessel diameter Increase blood vessel length Increase total peripheral resistance Increase blood viscosity Increase blood volume Increase cardiac output Decreases blood pressure: Increases blood pressure:

Decreases blood pressure: 1) Increase blood vessel diameter 2) Increase blood vessel length 3) Increase total peripheral resistance Increases blood pressure 1) blood viscosity 2) Increase blood volume 3) Increase cardiac output

The following physiological changes either increase or decrease blood pressure. Drag the appropriate factors to the respective bins. Increase blood viscosity Increase blood volume Increase blood vessel diameter Increase cardiac output Increase total peripheral resistance Increase blood vessel length Decreases blood pressure: Increases blood pressure:

Decreases blood pressure: 1) Increase blood vessel diameter Increases blood pressure: 1) Increase blood viscosity 2) Increase blood volume 3) Increase cardiac output 4) Increase total peripheral resistance 5) Increase blood vessel length