A&P Chapter 5 Integumentary System

True or False Sebaceous glands are absent in the palms and soles

...

shaft, root

Each hair consists of a ____ and a ____.

lines of cleavage

If a surgeon is going to do surgery what is the best way to not leave a scar?

basal epidermis, basement membrane

In response to injury, _____ _____ cells in the area of the injury break their contacts with the ______ ______.

thick

In the dermis layer the skin is very _____ in the palms and soles.

inflammatory, migratory, proliferative, maturation

Phases of deep wound healing

to protect us against radiation

What is melanin for?

blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles

What structures do you find in the dermis?

simple branched acinar gland

What type of gland is a sebaceous gland?

keratinocytes, melanocytes, granular dendrocytes (langerhans cells and granstein cells)

What types of cells are found in the epidermis?

carotene

another pigment found in the stratum cornuem and fatty areas of the dermis in people of Asian orgin

granstein cells

are dendrocytes that are more resistant to UV rays and interact with cells called suppressor T cells to assist in the immune response

subcutaneous layer

beneath the dermis, this layer is also called the superficial fascia or hypodermis, consists of areolar and adipose tissue

liver spots

clusters of melanocytes and are medically insignificant

maturation phase

final phase in deep wound healing where the scab sloughs off once the epidermis is restored to normal balance

dermal paillae

finger like projections that increase the surface area of the dermis

stratum lucidum

found in the thick skin of the palms and soles, absent in thin skin, consists of dead cells that contain eleiden

sebaceous gland

gland that produces oil

pili

hairs

lines of cleavage

in some areas of the dermis collagenous fibers run more in one direction than another, the dominant direction of the underlying collagenous fibers is indicated in the skin by ?

migratory phase

in this phase the clot becomes a scab and epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound

epidermal growth factors

is a protein hormone that functions as a growth factor, stimulates the growth of epidermal cells and fibroblasts

stratum spinosum

layer above stratum basale that contains spine-like projections that join the cells together

dermis

layer composed of connective tissue containing collagenous and elastic fibers

stratum basale

layer of the epidermis that is constantly multiplying and exfoliating

keratinocytes

most abundant cell in the epidermis, produces the protein keratin

lamellated or pacinian corpuscles

nerve endings that are sensitive to pressure

excretion

not only does perspiration assume a role in helping to regulate normal body temp, it also assists in the release of small amounts of water, salts, and several organic compounds

sebum

oil that is a mixture of fats, cholestrol, proteins and inorganic salts

contact inhibition

once the epidermal cells meet up with each other, they stop and this is called _____ _____.

skin grafts

required when portions of the epidermis is destroyed and new skin cannot regenate, such as third-degree burns

stimuli

skin contains numerous nerve endings and receptors that detect temp, touch, pressure and pain

protection

skin covers the body and provides a physical barrier for underlying tissues from physical abrasion, bacterial invasion, dehydration and uv radiation

stratum germinativum

stratum basale is sometimes referred to as ______ _______ to indicate its role in germinating new cells.

hair follicle

surrounds the root, it is made up of an external root sheath and an internal root sheath

dermis

tends to be thicker on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the body

epidermis, dermis

the _______ is cemented to the ______.

elasticity

the ability to return to original shape after extension

extensibility

the ability to stretch

bulb

the base of each follicle is enlarged into an onion shaped structure called the...

melanin, oxidized oil

the color of blackheads is due to _____ and _____ ___, not dirt.

epidermal ridges

the function of ____ _____ is to increase the grip of the hand or foot by increasing friction and acting like tiny suction cups

regulates body temp, protection, synthesis of vitamin d, reception of stimuli, excretion

the functions of skin

medulla

the inner part of the hair that is composed of rows of polyhedral cells containing granules of eleidin and air spaces

dermis

the inner thicker layer of skin containing connective tissue

wrinkles

the loss of collagen and elastin causes what

protection

the main function of hair is...

cortex

the middle part of the hair that forms the major part of the shaft and consists of elongated cells that contain pigment granules in dark hair and mostly air in white hair

epidermis

the outer thinner part of the skin, composed of epithelium

cuticle

the outermost layer of the hair that consists of a single layer of thin, flat, scale-like cells that are heavily keratinized

proliferative phase

the phase where there is extensive growth of epithelial cells beneath the scab, the deposit of collagenous fibers in random patterns by fibroblasts, and the continued growth of blood vessels

root

the portion of the hair that is below the surface of the skin that penetrates into the dermis and even into the subcutaneous layer

regulates body temp

the production of sweat by sweat glands helps to lower body temp back to normal, changes in the flow of blood to the skin can alter body temp

hypertrophic scar

the scar remains within the boundaries of the original wound

medulla, cortex, cuticle

the shaft of course hair consists of three principal parts

integumentary system

the skin and its derivatives such as hair, nails, glands and several specialized receptors

striae/stretch marks

the small tears that occur after this over stretching of the skin will intially appear red and will remain as silvery white streaks

arrector pili

the smooth muscle that contracts under stresses of fright, cold, and emotions and pulls the hairs into verticle position (goose bumps)

shaft

the superficial portion and most of it projects above the surface of the skin

papillary region

the upper region or layer of the dermis

melanocytes

these cells are located at the base of teh epidermis, produce melanin

langerhans cells

these cells arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis and other areas of the body that contain stratified squamous epithelial tissue, interact with helper T cells to assist in the immune response

epidermal grooves

these divide the surface of the skin into a number of diamond shaped areas, hairs usually emerge at the points of intersection and increase in frequency and depth where your fingers bend

stratum granulosum

third layer of the epidermis that contains darkly staining granules of keratohyalin, which forms keratin

fibroplasia

this is the period of scar formation

stratum corneum

top layer of skin, continuously shed and replace, barrier against light and heat waves, bacteria, and harmful substances.

eleiden

translucent cells found in the stratum lucidum layer

blackheads

when sebaceous glands of the face become enlarged because of accumulated sebum, acne lesions called ______ develop

immunity

your ability to fight disease by producing antibodies

papillary

The ______ layer consists of loose connective tissue containing elastic fibers

subcutaneous

The _______ layer is attached to the underlying tissues and organs

medulla, cortex, cuticle

Like the shaft of the hair, the root also contains a ______, ______, and ______.

melanocytes

Melanin is synthesized in cells called _________ which are located either beneath or between cells of the stratum basale.

melanoblasts

Melanocytes are produced from ______.

tyrosinase

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in the pressence of an enzyme called ______.

sebaceous

Most ______ glands are connected to hair follicles

wound starts to heal

Once the cells contact each other their direction changes until it contacts another cell. They continue to bounce off each other until all sides of each cells is in contact with another cell and the _____ _____ __ ____.

papilla

The _____ of the hair contains many blood vessels and provides nourishments for the growing hair.

papilla of the hair

The bulb contains an identation, the ____ __ __ ___, which is filled with loose connective tissue.

melanin

The color of skin is due to ______ which is a pigment.

blood vessels

The epidermis has no ____ ____, a characteristic of all epithelia.

melanoma

The most lethel skin cancer

hair root plexis

The nerve endings that surround each hair follicle, are sensitive to touch, and respond if a hair shaft is moved

sebaceous gland

The oil secreting portion of this gland lies in the dermis and these glands associated with hair opens into the necks of hair follicles

sebum

The oily substance secreted from the sebaceous gland

vitiligo

The partial or complete loss of melanocytes from areas of skin produces patchy, white spots

granulation tissue

The tissue that fills the wound during the migratory phase of deep wound healing

keratin

Waterproofs and protects the skin and underlying tissues, also participates in immunity

hair, nailsm sweat glands, teeth enamel

What are the epidermal derivatives?

dermal papillae

What are the finger print ridges called?

fibers

_____ from the dermis extend down into the subcutaneous layer and anchor the skin to it

inflammatory phase

a blood clot forms in the wound and loosely unites the wound edges, epithelial cells begin migrating across the wound

melanin

a pigment responsible for skin color and absorption of UV light

keloid scar

a scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound into normal surrounding tissues

abrasion

a skinned knee or elbow

meissners corpuscles

corpuscles of touch that are contained in the dermal papillae

stratum basale

deepest layer of the epidermis, single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells capable of continued cell division

epidermal ridges

develope during the third and fourth fetal months as the epidermis conforms to the contours of the underlying dermal papillae

scar tissue

differs from normal skin in that its collagenous fibers are more dense and it has no epidermis

stratified sqamous epithelium

epidermis is composed of what type of tissue?