A&P Chapter 7

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel? A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke B) Parkinson's disease C) Huntington's disease D) multiple sclerosis

A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

These structures are deeper grooves on the surface of the brain compared to ridges and lesser grooves found on the surface. The one that separates the cerebral hemispheres is called the longitudinal ________. A) fissure B) gyri C) sulci D) cortex

A) fissure

The term central nervous system refers to the ________. A) brain and spinal cord B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves C) brain and cranial nerves D) spinal cord and spinal nerves

A) brain and spinal cord

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons? A) breathing B) hunger C) thirst D) consciousness

A) breathing

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system? A) central and peripheral B) somatic and autonomic C) sensory and motor D) autonomic and sympathetic

A) central and peripheral

What reflexes stimulate skeletal muscles? A) somatic B) pupillary C) autonomic D) salivary

A) somatic

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the ________. A) sympathetic nervous system B) afferent nervous system C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system

A) sympathetic nervous system

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________. A) diencephalon B) hypothalamus C) brain stem D) pineal gland

C) brain stem

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) decreased activity of the digestive system B) stimulated sweat glands to produce perspiration C) decreased heart rate D) increased metabolic rate

C) decreased heart rate

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst - as well as regulation of the pituitary gland - are functions associated with the ________. A) medulla oblongata B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) thalamus

C) hypothalamus

What are the two major functional properties of neurons? A) cover and line body surfaces B) contraction and movements C) irritability and conductivity D) connect and protect

C) irritability and conductivity

Your patient has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged? A) afferent neurons B) sensory neuron C) motor neuron D) axon terminals

C) motor neuron

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________. A) motor B) visceral and sensory C) somatic and sensory D) parasympathetic

C) somatic and sensory

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord? A) 12 B) 18 C) 25 D) 31

D) 31

Your patient has a brain injury. She is aware of what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of the brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________. A) longitudinal fissure B) gyrus C) central sulcus D) Broca's area

D) Broca's area

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________. A) dendrite B) cell body C) synaptic cleft D) axon

D) axon

Which of the following causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next? A) chlorine ions B) sodium ions C) potassium ions D) calcium ions

D) calcium ions

The following disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby and results in intellectual disability. A) hydrocephalus B) anencephaly C) spina bifida D) cerebral palsy

D) cerebral palsy

Which of the following terms indicates a nerve impulse has been initiated and is being transmitted? A) graded potential B) action potential C) repolarization D) local depolarization

B) action potential

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________. A) cerebellum B) diencephalon (interbrain) C) brain stem D) cerebrum

B) diencephalon (interbrain)

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________. A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) hypothalamus D) cerebrum

B) medulla oblongata

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified? A) unipolar B) multipolar C) afferent D) bipolar

B) multipolar

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc? A) effector, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, receptor B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector C) effector, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, receptor D) receptor, motor neuron, integration center, sensory neuron, effector

B) receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

An action potential is caused by an infusion of ________ into the cell. A) potassium ions B) sodium ions C) calcium ions D) magnesium ions

B) sodium ions

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________. A) a reflex arc B) the all-or-none response C) repolarization D) saltatory conduction

B) the all-or-none response

The primary function of the cerebral cortex is to: A) Filter out repetitive stimuli B) Regulate proper balance and posture C) Interpret sensory inputs including pain, temperature, and light touch D) Catalogue memories.

C) Interpret sensory inputs including pain, temperature, and light touch

Glial cells, regardless of type, ________ to conduct nerve impulses. A) have the ability B) intermittently have the ability C) use other cells D) do not have the ability

D) do not have the ability

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges? A) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater B) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater D) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

D) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of ________. A) water B) glucose C) respiratory gases D) metabolic waste such as urea

D) metabolic waste such as urea

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter. A) sensory; motor B) gray; white C) motor; sensory D) white; gray

D) white; gray