A&P Chapter 8 (Short Answer + MCQ)

The number of pairs of spinal nerves is _____.

31

There are _____ pairs of cervical spinal nerves.

8

The outermost membrane of the myelin sheath is called the A) neurilemma B) gray matter C) dendrite D) neuroglia

A

The part of the nervous system that consists of ALL of the spinal nerves and cranial nerves is the A) peripheral nervous system B) central nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) autonomic nervous system

A

The sympathetic motor neurons originate from cell bodies in the ______ and _________ regions of the spinal cord. A) thoracic, lumbar B) thoracic, cervical C) cervical, lumbar D) lumbar, sacral

A

Which of the following is NOT an example of a neuroglial cell? A) neuron B) astrocyte C) Schwann cell D) All of the options are neuroglia.

A

A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system is called a A) nucleus B) ganglion C) tract D) nerve

B

Based on your knowledge of word parts, cardioplegia means A) pain in the heart B) paralysis of the heart C) dilation of blood vessels D) paralysis of the arm

B

Fibers that conduct impulses away from the cell body are called A) dendrites B) axons C) cell bodies D) neurilemma

B

Motor impulses travel through the spinal cord in the A) ascending tracts B) descending tracts C) gray matter D) nerves

B

Ms. L has been experiencing muscle weakness. Her physician informs her that she has abnormal antibodies attacking the myelin sheath around neurons in her central nervous system. The most likely diagnosis is A) poliomyelitis B) multiple sclerosis C) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis D) peripheral neuropathy

B

Neurotransmitters bind to specific proteins on the postsynaptic membrane called A) transporters B) receptors C) linkers D) channels

B

Sciatica reflects neuritis in a nerve from the A) brachial plexus B) lumbosacral plexus C) abdominal plexus D) cervical plexus

B

The brachial plexus supplies motor impulses to the muscles of the A) neck B) shoulder C) pelvis D) legs

B

The central canal of the spinal cord contains A) blood B) cerebrospinal fluid C) lymph D) saline

B

The correct order of impulse conduction through a reflex arc is A) sensory neuron, receptor, effector, interneuron, motor neuron B) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector C) receptor, motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron, effector D) effector, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, receptor

B

The deep groove dividing the right and left portions of the ventral white matter is the A) posterior median sulcus B) anterior median fissure C) gray commissure D) central canal

B

The parasympathetic ganglia are called A) collateral ganglia B) terminal ganglia C) adrenergic ganglia D) sympathetic ganglia

B

Which of the following is NOT an action of the sympathetic nervous system? A) increase in blood pressure B) stimulation of skeletal muscle C) stimulation of the adrenal gland D) dilation of the pupils

B

Which of the following is NOT in the central nervous system? A) tract B) terminal ganglion C) white matter D) interneuron

B

A nerve containing only efferent fibers is a(n) A) sensory nerve B) mixed nerve C) motor nerve D) nerve tract

C

Mr. Y was in a motor vehicle accident and is unable to move his arms or legs. Mr. Y suffers from A) monoplegia B) hemiplegia C) tetraplegia D) diplegia

C

Neurons that conduct impulses to the spinal cord and brain are called A) motor neurons B) interneurons C) afferent neurons D) association neurons

C

Potassium channels open late in the action potential to cause membrane A) depolarization B) potential C) repolarization D) degradation

C

The division of the nervous system that exclusively controls skeletal muscles is the A) peripheral nervous system B) central nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) autonomic nervous system

C

The membrane surrounding an entire nerve is called the A) perineurium B) endoneurium C) epineurium D) neurilemma

C

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter? A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) dermatome D) noradrenaline

C

At a synapse, transmission usually occurs A) from the postsynaptic cell to the presynaptic cell B) between two postsynaptic cells C) between two presynaptic cells D) from the presynaptic cell to the postsynaptic cell

D

Before the start of the action potential, the neuron membrane is A) depolarized B) repolarized C) unpolarized D) at rest

D

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are found in the A) white matter of the spinal cord B) dorsal root ganglion C) ventral root ganglion D) plexuses

D

The knee-jerk reflex is a A) simple reflex B) spinal reflex C) stretch reflex D) All of the answers are correct.

D

The phrenic nerve arises from the A) brachial plexus B) lumbosacral plexus C) abdominal plexus D) cervical plexus

D

Ms. L developed numbness and paralysis following a viral infection. Lately, she has lost control of several involuntary functions, including bladder control. Her doctor has diagnosed a disorder of the spinal nerves called _____-_____ _____.

Guillain-Barré syndrome

_____ are chemicals that transmit a signal across a synapse.

Neurotransmitters

Cholinergic cellular receptors bind _____.

acetylcholine

The chemical that transmits the signal across the neuromuscular junction is called _____.

acetylcholine

A sudden electrical change in the neuronal membrane that is transmitted along an axon is called a(n) ______ ______

action potential

The sympathetic nervous system can be classified as _____, based on the main neurotransmitters used.

adrenergic

The brain and the spinal cord make up the _____ nervous system.

central

The fiber of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is _____.

dendrite

Paralysis of both arms is called _____.

diplegia

Sensory impulses enter the _____ horn of the spinal cord.

dorsal

The dorsal and ventral horns of the spinal cord are part of the _____ matter.

gray

The _____ plexus supplies nerves to the pelvis and leg

lumbosacral

All the spinal nerves have both sensory and motor fibers. They are therefore described as _____.

mixed

Nerve impulse conduction is faster in axons coated with _____.

myelin

Astrocytes and Schwann cells are examples of cells called _____ or _____ cells

neuroglia, glial

The scientific name for a nerve cell is _____.

neuron

The viral disease that infects motor neurons, leading to paralysis, is _____.

poliomyelitis

A rapid, simple, automatic response that involves few neurons is a(n) ______

reflex, reflex ark

The word part -lemma means _____.

sheath

During the depolarizing phase of the action potential, ions of the element _____ enter the neuron through channels.

sodium

The voluntary nervous system is also called the _____ nervous system.

somatic

A reflex that does not pass through the brain is termed a _____ reflex.

spinal

An increase in heart rate would be mediated by the _____ branch of the autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic

A point of junction between two nerve cells is a(n) ______.

synapse

The autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic system are called _____ _____.

terminal ganglia

A group of nerve fibers located within the central nervous system is called a(n) _____.

tract

A neuron that leaves the spinal cord through the _____ horn is carrying information away from the central nervous system.

ventral

Myelinated nervous tissue is described as _____ matter.

white