A&P: Chapters 1-4

What do the dynein arms of a cilium have in common with the sodium-potassium pump? a. both of them depend on sodium and potassium ions to function b. both of them are active transport pumps c. both of them are ATPase enzymes d. both of them have a "9 + 2" structure

c. both of them are ATPase enzymes

Which type of connective tissue is avascular: a. adipose b. bone c. cartilage d. areolar

c. cartilage

The ___ is a clear gel, with no visible structure of its own, in which the organelles of a cell are embedded. a. nucleoplasm b. cytoplasm c. cytosol d. ectoplasm

c. cytosol

The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of: a. radiant energy b. chemical energy c. electrical energy d. mechanical energy

c. electrical energy

What is the major function of the urinary system: a. return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system b. produce offspring c. eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body d. break down food into absorbable units

c. eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body

This cell is large and flat and produces the fibers and ground substance of connective tissue. a. macrophage b. adipocyte c. fibroblast d. neutrophil

c. fibroblast

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of the solution is _____ to the concentration of the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to _____. a. higher; swell b. lower; swell c. higher; shrink d. lower; shrink

c. higher; shrink

Which one of the following is not made of hyaline cartilage? a. nose b. larynx c. intervertebral disc d. costal, or rib cartilage

c. intervertebral disc

The plasma membrane is composed of about 75%: a. lipids. b. proteins. c. phospholipids. d. glycoproteins.

c. phospholipids.

Which two muscle types form sphincters? a. smooth and cardiac b. cardiac and skeletal c. skeletal and smooth d. striated and skeletal

c. skeletal and smooth

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is: a. cardiac muscle b. skeletal muscle c. smooth muscle d. both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

c. smooth muscle

A scientific method used to avoid psychological bias in medical research is: a. peer review. b. inductive reasoning. c. the double-blind method. d. hypothesis testing.

c. the double-blind method.

The lungs and heart are situated in the __________ body cavity. a. dorsal b. spinal c. thoracic d. cranial

c. thoracic

True or False: A cell that just finishes mitosis, will result in two diploid cells

True

True or False: Reticular connective tissue is found in lymph nodes.

True

True or False: The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathryoids are glands of the endocrine system.

True

True or False: The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the bloodstream.

True

True or False: The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.

True

Alignment of the chromosomes at the equator of the cell is in the---- a. Metaphase b. Prophase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

a. Metaphase

True or False: All of a cell's ribosomes are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

False

True or False: In an epithelium, there is no extracellular matrix.

False

True or False: In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.

False

True or False: The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region.

False

True or False: The phase that account for 95% of the cell life cycle is M phase

False

The atomic mass of an element is measured in atomic mass units (amu). The units are so small in measuring mass of an atom that they represent a relative number. One amu is equal to: a. 1/2 the mass of an oxygen-16 atom. b. 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. c. 1/4 the mass of a nitrogen-14 atom. d. 1/23 the mass of a sodium-23 atom.

b. 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

An atom with an atomic number of 14 will have __________ electrons in its valence shell. a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10

b. 4

Interphase consists of the ---- stages of cell division: a. G1, G2 and M b. G1,S and G2 c. M,S and G2 d. M, S and G1

b. G1,S and G2

In the chemical reaction, HCl + NaOH ? H2O + NaCl, the chemical NaOH is considered to be: a. water b. base c. product d. acid

b. base

The most common steroid is: a. phospholipid b. cholesterol c. triglyceride d. trans fat

b. cholesterol

Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans): a. superficial and proximal b. distal and proximal c. medial and distal d. medial and anterior

b. distal and proximal

A normal red blood cell is placed into a solution that causes the cell to swell and burst. The solution was: a. hypertonic. b. hypotonic. c. isotonic. d. paratonic.

b. hypotonic.

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues: a. endocrine system b. integumentary system c. nervous system d. lymphatic system

b. integumentary system

Isotopes have different numbers of __________; thus they also have different __________. a. protons; atomic numbers b. neutrons; atomic masses c. electrons; atomic numbers d. protons; atomic masses

b. neutrons; atomic masses

The epithelium that would most likely be found lining the esophagus and vagina is: a. keratinized stratified squamous. b. nonkeratinized stratified squamous. c. stratified cuboidal. d. transitional.

b. nonkeratinized stratified squamous.

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called _____, and water molecules move through plasma membranes by way of channel proteins called _____. a. osmosis; ligand-gated channel proteins b. osmosis; aquaporins c. osmosis; leak channels d. filtration; aquaporins

b. osmosis; aquaporins

The study of the function of the body and body parts is called: a. anatomy b. physiology c. homeostasis d. negative feedback

b. physiology

The major function of potassium is to a. serve as a salt in bones and teeth b. play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions c. make functional thyroid hormones d. influence the pH of body fluids

b. play a role in nerve impulse transmissions and muscle contractions

The area of the neuron which houses the nucleus is called the ______, while the long single extension that sends electrical signals to other cells is called the ______. a. neuroglia; axon b. soma; axon c. soma; dendrite d. dendrite; axon

b. soma; axon

Which of these vitamins is NOT fat-soluble: a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin D d. vitamin E

b. vitamin C

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle? a. a mitochondrion b. the rough endoplasmic reticulum c. a centriole d. a microtubule

c. a centriole

The structure of a cilium is most similar to the structure of a. a microtubule. b. a very fine hair. c. a flagellum. d. a microvillus.

c. a flagellum.

A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called: a. cholesterol b. a steroid c. a triglyceride d. a polysaccharide

c. a triglyceride

Fat is best described as: a. dense connective tissue b. epithelial tissue c. adipose tissue d. areolar tissue

c. adipose tissue

A tissue specialized for energy storage and thermal insulation is: a. cartilage tissue. b. muscle tissue. c. adipose tissue. d. epithelial tissue.

c. adipose tissue.

Which is true about enzymes? a. They are essential to virtually every biochemical reaction in the body. b. They help regulate growth and development. c. They are highly specialized proteins that recognize, bind with, and inactivate bacteria, toxins, and some viruses. d. They increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a million fold.

d. They increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a million fold.

You have gained weight and feel very sluggish. You think it may be a hormonal problem. You should see a(n): a. neurophysiologist. b. pathophysiologist. c. orthopedist. d. endocrinologist.

d. endocrinologist.

Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group: a. monosaccharides - nucleic acids b. DNA - lipids c. steroids - carbohydrates d. enzymes - proteins

d. enzymes - proteins

Glycogen is the storage form of __________ in animals. a. protein b. lipids c. amino acids d. glucose

d. glucose

Tissue gel gets its viscous consistency from its: a. mucus. b. collagen fibers. c. hyaluronidase. d. glycosaminoglycans.

d. glycosaminoglycans.

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule: a. a fatty acid b. an amino acid c. cholesterol d. hydrochloric acid

d. hydrochloric acid

Which of the following statements about ATP is false: a. it drives the transport of certain solutes (e.g., amino acids) across cell membranes b. it activates contractile proteins in muscle cells so that cells can shorten and perform mechanical work c. it provides the energy needed to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions d. its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds

d. its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds

A tissue most like the endothelium that lines the blood vessels is: a. the epithelium that lines the esophagus. b. transitional epithelium. c. simple cuboidal epithelium. d. mesothelium.

d. mesothelium.

Which of the following is not a connective tissue? a. blood b. bone c. cartilage d. muscle

d. muscle

When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n): a. ionic bond b. hydrogen bond c. carbon bond d. nonpolar covalent bond

d. nonpolar covalent bond

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function: a. maintaining boundaries b. movement c. responsiveness d. nutrients

d. nutrients

The most abundant element in the human body is a. nitrogen. b. hydrogen. c. carbon. d. oxygen.

d. oxygen.

White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of a. macrocytosis. b. pinocytosis. c. exocytosis. d. phagocytosis.

d. phagocytosis.

Although the transmission electron microscope (TEM) can magnify much more than a light microscope, even at identical magnifications the TEM has the advantage of: a. being able to produce photographs of the specimen. b. being able to work in a vacuum. c. being able to show individual molecules. d. producing higher resolution.

d. producing higher resolution.

What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? a. exocytosis b. active transport c. ciliary beating d. protein synthesis

d. protein synthesis

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to the most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body: a. chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level b. chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level c. cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level d. cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

a. chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

Which two organ systems include the pancreas? a. digestive and endocrine systems b. urinary and respiratory systems c. reproductive and urinary systems d. digestive and respiratory systems

a. digestive and endocrine systems

Salts that ionize in water and form solutions that can conduct a current are called: a. electrolytes. b. compounds. c. isomers. d. free radicals.

a. electrolytes.

Many gland cells release their secretions by means of ___, a process somewhat like reverse pinocytosis.

a. exocytosis b. phagocytosis c. receptor-mediated endocytosis d. fluid-phase pinocytosis

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue: a. movement is involuntary and cells possess striations b. attached to the skeleton c. movement is voluntary and cells possess striations d. single nucleus and spindle-shaped cells

a. movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

Ribosomes are produced in the: a. nucleoli. b. chromatin. c. nuclear envelopes. d. Golgi complex

a. nucleoli.

Which of the following is most likely to cause disease? a. positive feedback b. negative feedback c. homeostasis d. equilibrium

a. positive feedback

Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of __________ in an atom.

a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. protons and neutrons

A single layer of flattened cells would best be described as: a. simple squamous b. stratified cuboidal c. simple columnar d. pseudostratified columnar

a. simple squamous

Which type of epithelium is best suited for rapid filtration? a. simple squamous b. stratified squamous c. pseudostratified d. transitional

a. simple squamous

Which two muscle types are controlled involuntarily? a. smooth and cardiac b. cardiac and skeletal c. skeletal and smooth d. striated and smooth

a. smooth and cardiac

The Na+/K+ ATPase of the plasma membrane serves all of the following purposes except: a. to synthesize ATP b. to produce body heat c. to limit cellular swelling d. to cotransport other solutes such as glucose

a. to synthesize ATP

In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units: a. water molecules must be added to each bond b. water molecules must be removed from each bond c. carbon atoms must be added to each bond d. carbon atoms must be removed from each bond

a. water molecules must be added to each bond

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a long polysaccharide composed of amino sugars and uronic acid. GAGs, such as hyaluronic acid, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate, are negatively charged. GAGs help give the ground substance some of its qualities such as: a. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system. b. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance. c. giving bone its brittle inorganic structure. d. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments.

d. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments.

Which of these is NOT a survival need: a. nutrients b. oxygen c. water d. reproduction

d. reproduction

Identify the type of tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow: a. adipose tissue b. dense connective tissue c. areolar tissue d. reticular connective tissue

d. reticular connective tissue

The muscular system consists of the: a. skeletal muscles b. muscles of the heart c. muscles in the walls of hollow organs d. skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart

d. skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart

Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study: a. making a section through the heart to observe its interior b. examining the surface of a bone c. viewing muscle tissue through a microscope d. studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses

d. studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for: a. polarity b. denaturation of proteins c. enzyme structure d. surface tension

d. surface tension

A summary of conclusions drawn from a large body of observed facts is called a(n): a. scientific fact. b. hypothesis. c. law. d. theory. e. scientific rule.

d. theory.

When a white blood cell engulfs a foreign particle with its pseudopods, it traps the particle in a bubble called a ___ in its cytoplasm. a. pinocytic vesicle b. secretory vesicle c. clathrin-coated vesicle d. vacuole

d. vacuole