A&P Exam 2 Material

During prophase, as the centrioles are migrating to opposite ends of the cell, their spindle fibers attach to what part of the chromatids? A. Centromeres B. Microtubules C. Telomeres

A. Centromeres

Reduces blood loss from damaged blood vessels and forms a network of fibrin proteins that traps blood vessels and binds the edges of the wound together describes which of these? A. Clotting B. Endothelium C. Histamine D. Swelling

A. Clotting

What is the fluid matrix inside the cell is called? A. Cytosol B. Endoplasm C. Nucleoplasm D. Plasma

A. Cytosol

Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from: A. DNA to mRNA B. DNA to RNA C. mRNA to tRNA D. tRNA to mRNA

A. DNA to mRNA

The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the ________. A. Fibroblast B. Elastic cell C. Reticular tissue D. Osteoblast E. Adipocyte

A. Fibroblast

Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by which of the following? A. Inheritance of units or factors from both parents B. Inheritance of units or factors from one parent C. Relative health of the parent plants at the time of pollination

A. Inheritance of units or factors from both parents

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are ________. A. neurons B. astrocytes C. microglia D. oligodendrocytes E. transmission cells

A. neurons

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. A. skeletal muscle only B. cardiac muscle only C. smooth muscle only D. skeletal and cardiac muscles E. all three types of muscle

A. skeletal muscle only

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. A. Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue B. Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. Endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium D. Epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

B. Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Which of these tissues is composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption? A. Connective tissue B. Epithelial tissue C. Muscular tissue D. Reticular tissue

B. Epithelial tissue

Choose the genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele. A. Hemophilia B. Huntington's disease C. Sickle-cell anemia D. Tay-Sachs disease

B. Huntington's disease

In which phase are the chromatids aligning across the center of the cell? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

B. Metaphase

All of the genetic material inside a cell is located in the ________. A. Golgi apparatus B. Nucleus C. Ribosomes D. Centrioles E. Mitochondria

B. Nucleus

Which Of Mendel's laws states that when any individual produces sex cells, gametes, the copies of gene separate, so that each sex cell, gamete, receives only one copy. A gamete will receive one allele or the other? A. Incomplete dominance B. Principle of segregation C. Recessive trait D. Sickle cell

B. Principle of segregation

The most direct method by which an ion or molecule can move across a cell membrane is by ____________. A. using an integral protein B. simple diffusion C. active transport D. osmosis E. a sodium-potassium pump

B. simple diffusion

The different types of cells are not randomly distributed throughout the body; rather they occur in organized layers, a level of organization referred to as ______. A. a cell system B. tissue C. an organ system D. an organ E. epithelial

B. tissue

What is an allele? A. A heterozygous genotype B. A homozygous genotype C. Another word for a gene D. One of several possible forms of a gene

C. Another word for a gene

Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to GCTTATAT? A. TAGGCGCG B. ATCCGCGC C. CGAATATA D. TGCCTCTC E. None of the above

C. CGAATATA

Which of the following connective tissue cells consists of a matrix of collagenous material? A. Adipose B. Areolar C. Cartilage D. Lymph

C. Cartilage

The jelly-like substance found within cells that provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions is called ________. A. Synovial fluid B. Alcohol C. Cytosol D. Petroleum E. Water

C. Cytosol

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil B. DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose C. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars D. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded

C. DNA contains alternating sugar-phosphate molecules whereas RNA does not contain sugars

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells? A. Endothelial B. Epithelial C. Hematopoietic D. Mesenchymal

C. Hematopoietic

Connective tissue with a clear, liquid matrix that flows in lymphatic vessels is: A. Areolar connective tissue B. Blood C. Lymph D. Mesenchyme

C. Lymph

The tissue from which all other connective tissue eventually rises is called____________. A. Connective tissue proper B. Fluid connective tissue C. Mesenchyme D. Supportive connective tissue

C. Mesenchyme

What type of cells can be extracted from human embryonic stem cells? A. Multipotent B. Oligopotent C. Pluripotent D. Totipotent

C. Pluripotent

What scientist is given credit for coming up with the concept of the cell? A. Michael Curie B. Galileo C. Robert Hooke D. Albert Einstein E. Michelangelo

C. Robert Hooke

Choose the tissue described here: Single layer tall narrow cells, oval lengthwise nucleus in base of cell; absorption, secretion & diffusion of large molecules; found in lining of most digestive tracts. A. Dense irregular connective tissue B. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium C. Simple columnar epithelium D. Simple cuboidal epithelium

C. Simple columnar epithelium

The embryonic tissue level, mesoderm, gives rise to which of the following type(s) of tissue? A. Skin cells B. Neurons C. Skeletal muscle D. Thyroid cells E. All of the above

C. Skeletal muscle (The mesoderm gives rise to all types of muscle tissue, tubule cells of the kidney, and red blood cells.)

Our blood vessels are lined with muscles that allow for automatic dilation and constriction based on environmental situations. What kind of muscle tissue lines the blood vessels? A. Cardiac B. Skeletal C. Smooth

C. Smooth

The largest and most prominent of a cell's organelles is its __________. A. nucleolus B. Golgi apparatus C. nucleus D. mitochondrion E. ribosome

C. nucleus

A DNA molecule has which of the following 3-dimensional structures? A. A linear chain of proteins B. A circular array of nucleotides C. A double-stranded array of proteins D. A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases" E. None of the above

D. A double-stranded array of sugar-phosphate groups linked together by "bases"

The macrostructure of DNA is which of the following? A. DNA helix > Nucleosome > Histones > Chromosome > Chromatin B. Histones > DNA Helix > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome C. DNA helix > Nucleosome > Histones > Chromatin > Chromosome D. DNA helix > Histones > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome

D. DNA helix > Histones > Nucleosome > Chromatin > Chromosome

The strand of DNA that is continuously synthesized into the replicating fork is: A. Double helix B. DNA replication C. Lagging strand D. Leading strand

D. Leading strand

Marfan syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Female offspring are more likely to be carriers of the disease. B. Female offspring are more likely to inherit the disease. C. Male offspring are more likely to inherit the disease. D. Male and female offspring have the same likelihood of inheriting the disease.

D. Male and female offspring have the same likelihood of inheriting the disease.

Which enzyme is required for transcription? A. DNA polymerase B. Restriction enzymes C. RNAase D. RNA polymerase

D. RNA polymerase

Which trait reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred? A. Hydrozygous B. Incomplete dominance C. Random D. Recessive trait

D. Recessive trait

Which of the following types of fibers hold tissue together by forming a net‐like arrangement of fibers? A. Collagen B. Elastic C. Hyaline D. Reticular

D. Reticular

This cell forms myelin sheath around a segment of an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A. Astrocyte B. Neuroglia C. Oligodendrocyte D. Schwann

D. Schwann

_________ muscle is also called voluntary muscle. A. Smooth B. Columnar C. Cardiac D. Skeletal E. Stratified

D. Skeletal

The cells that make up nearly all of the body contain an equal number of chromosomes that they receive from each parent. These are called ________ cells. A. Mitotic cells B. Duplex cells C. Sex cells D. Somatic cells E. Bipolar cells

D. Somatic cells

Which stem cells have the most potential to differentiate into any cells needed by an organism? A. Multipotent B. Oligopotent C. Pluripotent D. Totipotent

D. Totipotent

During which set of events are amino acids assembled into protein? A. RNA processing B. Termination C. Transcription D. Translation

D. Translation

Zoe has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? A. Zoe probably inherited one faulty allele from her father, who is a carrier, and one normal allele from her mother. B. Zoe probably inherited one faulty allele from her mother, who must also have cystic fibrosis, and one normal allele from her father. C. Zoe must have inherited faulty alleles from both parents, both of whom must also have cystic fibrosis. D. Zoe must have inherited faulty alleles from both parents, both of whom are carriers.

D. Zoe must have inherited faulty alleles from both parents, both of whom are carriers.

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A. squamous B. stratified C. stratified D. columnar E. transitional

D. columnar

The broad categories of connective tissue include which of the following types of connective tissue? A. connective tissue proper B. supportive connect tissue C. fluid connective tissue D. bony connective tissue E. A, B, and C are all correct

E. A, B, and C are all correct

The basic types of cell-to-cell junctions between epithelial cells are ________. A. Tight junctions B. Gap junctions C. Anchoring junctions D. Fixed junctions E. A, B, and C are all correct.

E. A, B, and C are all correct.

Which of the following are organelles found inside of an animal cell? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. ribosome E. All of the above

E. All of the above

A molecule (or region of a molecule) that is attracted to water is known as a(n) _________ molecule. A. Bipolar B. Hydrophobic C. Integral D. Bi-layerd E. Hydrophilic

E. Hydrophilic

The stage of the cell cycle during which two new and fully functional nuclei are formed is called ________. A. S B. G3 C. G1 D. G2 E. M

E. M

According to your author, which of the following functions of connective tissue is its most important function? A. forming glands B. protection C. transport of fluid, nutrients, waste D. energy storage E. support and connect other tissues

E. support and connect other tissues