A&P Exam 2
One significant similarity between RNA and DNA is that they both are shaped as a polypeptide chain.
False
One way to stimulate hair growth is to cut it or shave it.
False
The cell body of the neuron
Soma
Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? -Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes -Protects the body from foreign invaders -Supports the body -Transports substances throughout the body
Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes
If the original DNA code was ACG, the mRNA that would be formed would be: UCG. AGC. UGC. Not enough information is given to answer the question.
UGC
Which of the following is not true of diffusion? Uses cellular energy Can occur in living and nonliving cells May occur both into and out of the cell Energy source is cellular
Uses cellular energy
Cell process that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body
Dendrite
Gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli.
False
Introns carry the code for the making of a protein.
False
Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions.
False
Oligodendrocytes help destroy damaged tissue and pathogens in the brain.
False
The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus.
False
The number of cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes varies greatly during the life of a cell.
False
The upper layer of stratified cuboidal epithelium can be keratinized for protection of the tissue below it.
False
What differentiates one DNA nucleotide from another is whether it has a ribose or a deoxyribose sugar.
False
When the skin is exposed to sunlight, it has the ability to convert cholecalciferol to vitamin D.
False
The dermis contains both voluntary and involuntary muscle fibers.
True
The energy storage molecules NADH and FADH2 have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system.
True
The enzyme DNA polymerase coordinates the mechanism of obligatory base pairing.
True
The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves.
True
The osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone.
True
The papillary layer of the dermis lies just below the dermal-epidermal junction.
True
The process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle.
True
The serous membrane covering the lungs is the visceral pleura.
True
The skin surface area can be as large as 20 square feet in the average adult.
True
The study of how the primary germ layers differentiate into the different kinds of tissues is called histogenesis.
True
Dense irregular fibrous tissue is not found in which of the following structures? -Walls of arteries -Capsule surrounding the spleen -Fascia surrounding muscles -All of the above contain dense irregular fibrous tissue.
Walls of arteries
Digestive enzymes
Hydrolases
Supportive cells of nervous tissue
Neuroglia
Epithelial tissue is characterized by large amounts of intercellular matrix and few cells.
False
Epithelial tissue is moderately vascular, which results in very little blood loss when cuts occur.
False
If a species of animal had 16 pairs of chromosomes in its normal body cells, its gametes would contain _____ chromosomes. 16 8 32 None of the above is correct
8
If the original DNA code was ACG, the tRNA that would transfer the correct amino acid would have which sequence of nucleotides? UCG ACG UGC Not enough information is given to answer the question.
ACG
Cell process that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body
Axon
How can epithelial tissue be described? Forms glands Contains mostly extracellular matrix Forms membranes Both A and C
Both A & C
Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. muscle connective epithelial Both B and C
Both B and C
Add or remove phosphate groups
Phosphorylating enzymes
Add or remove carbon dioxide
Carboxylases or decarboxylases
Blood is a member of which basic tissue type? Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous
Connective
A major function of DNA is to instruct the ribosome, through tRNA, concerning which protein is to be synthesized.
False
Apocrine sweat glands are the most numerous and widespread sweat glands in the body
False
Areolar tissue forms protective pads around the kidneys and other organs.
False
Blisters, severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema are characteristic of third-degree burns.
False
Bone-destroying cells are called osteoblasts.
False
Coenzymes join enzymes to form proenzymes.
False
Darkening of the skin may be caused by a decrease in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone.
False
Digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrases.
False
Epithelial and muscle tissue have the greatest ability to regenerate.
False
Epithelial tissue can be subdivided into two types: squamous and columnar.
False
Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscles? Having one nucleus per cell Having intercalated disks Composing the walls of the viscera Usually not being under voluntary control
Having intercalated disks
Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles? Having one nucleus per cell Being attached to bone Having striations Having voluntary or "willed" muscles
Having one nucleus per cell
Add water to a molecule without splitting it
Hydrases
Reticular tissue does not form the framework for which of the following? Kidney Spleen Lymph nodes All of the above are composed of reticular tissue.
Kidney
Rearrange atoms within a molecule
Mutases or isomerases
The conducting cells of the nervous system
Neuron
Involved in oxidation-reduction reactions
Oxidases and hydrogenases
During which stage of mitosis do the centrioles move to the opposite poles of the cell? Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase
Which is capable of destroying improperly folded proteins that could possibly harm the cell? Proteasome Proteome Chaperone Polyribosome
Proteasome
Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium? Protection Secretion Sensation Excretion
Secretion
In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? Back of the hand Thigh Abdomen Sole of the foot
Sole of the foot
Many liquid medicines, such as insulin, are administered using a subcutaneous injection. Why is the subcutaneous layer an ideal site for the administration of such medication? -The subcutaneous layer is rich in blood supply and nerve networks. -The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and loose spongy texture. -The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and firm texture. -The subcutaneous layer has a rich supply of nerves and loose spongy texture.
The subcutaneous layer has a rich blood supply and loose spongy texture.
Which of the following is true of catabolic pathways? They turn larger molecules into smaller ones. They turn smaller molecules into larger ones. They require energy from the cell. Both B and C are true.
They turn larger molecules into smaller ones.
A human gene is a segment of the DNA molecule.
True
A hypertonic solution has a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution.
True
A large amount of fat can be stored in the hypodermis.
True
A primary function of the dermal-epidermal junction is to "glue" together the dermis and the epidermis.
True
A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent.
True
Adhesive molecules called integrins help bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane.
True
Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue.
True
Both neurons and neuroglia are found in nervous tissue.
True
Cells in the embryo begin the process of cell differentiation.
True
Epithelial tissue can be classified by the shape of the cells.
True
Epithelial tissue is generally able to renew itself throughout life.
True
Fibers in the extracellular matrix can include collagen and elastin.
True
Hyaluronidase assists in the absorption of injected drugs.
True
If the original DNA code was CAA, the transfer RNA for that strand of DNA would be CAA.
True
Malignant hyperthermia occurs as a result of exposure to certain types of anesthetic agents or muscle relaxants.
True
Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as holocrine glands.
True
Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction.
True
Protein synthesis is the central building process for cell growth and maintenance.
True
Simple cuboidal epithelium is one cell layer thick; stratified cuboidal epithelium is more than one layer thick.
True
Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary.
True
Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through: facilitated diffusion. filtration. osmosis. active transport.
active transport.
The surface film found on the skin has a variety of functions, including: lubrication. buffering of caustic irritants. antibacterial and antifungal activity. all of the above.
all of the above
Hydrostatic pressure in the blood is: generated by the contraction of the heart. generated by gravity. important to the functioning of the kidney. all of the above.
all of the above.
The type of tissue referred to as loose ordinary connective tissue is: areolar. adipose. reticular. cartilage.
areolar
Smooth muscles that produce goose pimples when they contract are the _____ muscles. papillary cuticle medullary arrector pili
arrector pili
If a 20% glucose solution were separated from a 10% glucose solution by a permeable membrane: -glucose would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution. -water would move from the 10% solution to the 20% solution. -water would move from the 20% solution to the 10% solution. -both A and B would occur.
both A and B would occur.
The structure that holds two newly replicated DNA strands together is the: centromere. telomere. spindle. chromatid.
centromere
All of the following occur as a result of meiosis except: -chromosome number remains at 46. -primitive sex cells become mature gametes. -the cells become haploid. -meiosis occurs in two steps.
chromosome number remains at 46.
Another term for a ductless gland is an _____ gland. exocrine endocrine alveolar Both A and C are correct
endocrine
All of the following are examples of passive transport except: filtration. osmosis. endocytosis. dialysis.
endocytosis
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of: dialysis. osmosis. diffusion. filtration.
filtration
Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as: merocrine. apocrine. endocrine. holocrine.
holocrine
The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as _____ pressure. facilitated. hydrostatic. hypostatic. diffused.
hydrostatic
Prolonged exposure to the sun causes melanocytes to: increase in number. rupture and release their contents. increase melanin production. decrease melanin production.
increase melanin production.
In protein synthesis, some segments of the RNA transcript represent noncoding parts of the DNA. These are called: exons. codons. introns. spliceosomes.
introns
Sebum: lubricates hair and skin. is produced by sweat glands. consists of dead cells from hair follicles. is responsible for body odor.
lubricates hair and skin
Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called: mesenchyme. blastocyst. endoderm. ectoderm.
mesenchyme
DNA replication occurs during: prophase. telophase. metaphase. none of the above.
none of the above
A second-degree burn is characterized by: destruction of both the epidermis and the dermis. severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema. minor discomfort and some redness. involvement of muscles, fasciae, or bones.
severe pain, generalized swelling, and edema
Although body temperature normally changes very little during the course of a day, it is generally the lowest during: the early morning. mid-afternoon. late afternoon. the evening.
the early morning.
If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution: -there would be a net gain of water into the cell. -there would be a net loss of water out of the cell. -no water would move into or out of the cell. -water would move into and out of the cell in equal amounts.
there would be a net loss of water out of the cell.
